Interface Design

Vehicle Busses

Omid Fatemi

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Outline

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 Busses

• Computer buses

• Peripheral buses

• Instrumentation buses

• Vehicle buses

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 Vehicle Buses?

• Why buses in vehicles?

– Number of electronic equipments is increasing heavily in
vehicles (expensive wiring)

– Modern vehicles control system needs a lot of

information from sensors

– Easier fault diagnostic (tester can be connected to a

single plug)

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Wire Length

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Why Multiplex Wiring?

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Classification

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 General Characteristics

• Typically short buses (no hierarchy)

• Open topology to provide easy addition of
new modules and removing of old modules
• Broadcast type of transmission is typically
used
– (messages are sent to bus to be available for
everybody)
• Immune for high noise
– (temperature area -40 C to +125 C)
• Cheap price

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 Protocol For Vehicle Buses

• CAN (Controller Area Network)

– most European vehicle
– both classB & classC
• LIN (Local Area Network)
– all vehicles in future
– classA
• VAN (Vehicle Area Network)
– French vehicles (Renault, …)
– both classB & classC

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Protocol For Vehicle Buses (Con)

• ABUS
– VW

• D2B ()
– Mercedes
– classD

• TTP(Time Trigger Protocol)

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CAN Protocol

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 Basic properties

• Fast (up to 1Mbps)

• Prioritization
• Configuration flexibility
• Multi master
• Multicast
• Powerful error detection

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CAN in passenger car

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 CAN
Implementation

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CAN node

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 Integration levels

• Stand alone controller

• Integrated controller
• Single chip CAN node

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 Stand alone controller

Software

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 Integrated controller

• Easy PCB design

• Low cost
• High speed access
(using internal
bus)

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 Single-chip node

• Different
technologies on
single chip

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 CAN
Physical layer

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 Medium Attachments

• High speed CAN (ISO11898-2)

• Low speed CAN (ISO11519-1)
• Single wire (SEA2411)
• Fiber optical transmission
• Wireless transmission

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Network setup

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Twisted pair

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EMI interference

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CAN Connector

1. nc
2. CAN L
3. CAN GND
4. nc
5. CAN-shield
6. GND
7. CAN H
8. nc
9. CAN V+

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 CAN
Data link layer

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Broadcast communication

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Wired-and Mechanism

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 Collision resolution

• bitwise arbitration
• CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple
access / collision detection)

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Arbitration

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 Data rate

• 1 Mbps for bus length of up to 40m.

• 500 Kbps for bus length of up to 100m.
• 250 Kbps for bus length of up to 200m.
• 125 Kbps for bus length of up to 500m

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Frame types

• Data frame
• Remote frame
• Error frame
• Overload frame

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Data frame

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Arbitration field

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Control field

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CRC field

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ACK field

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Error handling

• Bit error
• Stuff error
• CRC error
• Form error
• ACK error

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