Presentation on Robotic Surgery

Presented by:

CONTENTS
Robotic Surgery. Types of Robotic Surgery Systems. Why Robotic Surgery? Software Required. Applications. Future. References. Conclusion.

Robotic Surgery
Robotic surgery is the use of robots in performing surgery. Three major advances aided by surgical robots have been remote surgery, minimally invasive surgery and unmanned surgery. Robotic technology is enhancing surgery through improved precision, stability, and dexterity. Robotics is being introduced to medicine because they allow for unprecedented control and precision of surgical

Contd..
Remote control and voice activation are the methods by which the surgical robots are controlled. The most significant advantage of Robotic Surgery to the patient is the decrease in pain and scaring. Robotic systems are best described as extending human capabilities rather than replacing human surgeons.

Types of Robotic Surgery Systems

There are three different types of Robotic Surgery systems depending upon how involved a human surgeon must be when performing a surgical procedure. Supervisory-controlled systems Tele-surgical systems Shared-control systems

Supervisory-controlled systems
Most automated systems. Follow specific set of instructions. Robots cant make adjustments in real time if something goes wrong. Very precise, leads to reduced trauma for the patient and a shorter recovery period. Surgeons map the patient body thoroughly so that robot moves in the right way.

Contd..
They do this in a three-step process called: Planning Registration Navigation
START PLANNING

REGISTRATION

NAVIGATION

STOP

Tele-surgical systems
Human directs the motion of the robot,eg: da Vinci Surgical System. It consists of two primary components: A viewing and control console. A surgical arm unit that includes three or four arms.

Shared-control Systems
Aid surgeons during surgery. Surgeons operate surgical instruments themselves. The robotic system monitors the surgeon's performance and provides stability and support through active constraint. Active constraint is a concept that relies on defining regions on a patient as one of four possibilities: safe, close, boundary or forbidden.

Contd..
The surgeons must first go through the planning, registration and navigation phases with a patient. Only after inputting that information into the robot's system can the robot offer guidance.

botic surgeons can be intimidating -- they don't have the best bedside manner

Why Robotic Surgery?

Post-Surgery
Less scaring. Faster recovery time. Tiny incisions. 0% Transfusion rate. Shorter catheter time 5 vs 14 days. Significantly shorter return to normal activities. Equal cancer cure rate. Less post operative pain

In-Surgery
Surgeons have enhanced view. Easier to attach nerve endings. Surgeons tire less easily. Less anesthesia required. Less loss of blood. Fewer doctors required in operating rooms. In-turn cheaper for hospitals. Smaller risks of infection.

Software Required
HOST-deliver effective training in emerging robot-assisted surgical techniques. HOST software immerses trainee in surgical environment using automation technology and an interactive checklist-based process. RoSS interface-the system prompts and guides trainees in real-time through the critical stages of an operation before proceeding to the

Applications
Cardiac surgery,Gastrointestinal surgery,Urology,Radiosurgery. Neurosurgery: -The NeuroArm- MRI compatible. -NeuroArm is 3ft tall & 2ft wide. -End effectors with 3D force sensors. -Improves surgical outcomes.

Future
Current advantages in robotic assisted surgery ensure its continued development & expansion. Robotic systems are information systems. Exciting possibility- use of preoperative & - use of intraoperative video image fusion.

Conclusion
Robotic surgery has proven itself to be of great value, particularly in areas inaccessible to conventional laparoscopic procedures. Robotic technology is set to revolutionize surgery. It has the potential to expand the surgical treatment beyond the limits of human ability.

References
Kwoh YS, Hou J, Jonckheere EA, et al. A robot with improved absolute positioning accuracy for CT guided stereotactic brain surgery. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1988;35:153161. Kennedy C, Hu T, Desai JP. Combining Haptic and Visual Servoing for Cardiothoracic Surgery. 2002 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Volume: 2, 2002 Page(s): 21062111, Washington DC, May 2002. Increasing Accuracy in Image-Guided Robotic Surgery Through Tip Tracking and Model-Based Flexion CorrectionRyan A. Beasley, Member, IEEE, and Robert D. Howe, Senior Member, IEEE 292 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS, VOL. 25, NO. 2, APRIL 2009

Thank You!!