Fire safety awareness training

Presented By Rajkumar Nanda

CHEMISTRY OF Fire
F

I R E is a chemical reaction of FUEL + ENERGY + OXYGEN in which heat and light energies are also released.

The Fire Triangle

Three
1. 2.

things must be present at the same time to produce fire:

Enough OXYGEN to sustain combustion Enough HEAT to reach ignition temperature

3.

Some FUEL or combustible material

Together, they produce the CHEMICAL REACTION that is fire.

Take away any of these things and the fire will be

extinguished

TYPE A (Solids) Paper, Wood, Fabric etc. TYPE B (Liquids) Petroleum Products, Paint, Oil etc. TYPE C (Gases) LPG, CNG, Hydrogen, Acetylenes etc. TYPE D (Metals) Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium etc Type E (Electrical fire)

Fuel classification
Fires If

are classified according to the type of fuel that is burning. you use the wrong type of fire extinguisher on the wrong class of fire, you might make matters worse. very important to understand the four different fire (fuel) classifications

Its

Fuel Classifications
Class

A: Wood, paper, cloth, trash, plasticssolids that are not metals.

Class

B: Flammable liquidsgasoline, oil, grease, acetone. Includes flammable gases.

Class

C: Electricalenergized electrical equipment. As long as its plugged in.

Class

D: Metalspotassium, sodium, aluminum, magnesium. Requires Metal-X, foam, and other special extinguishing agents.

HOW TO EXTINGUISH A FIRE

There are three fire extinguishing methods : Starvation :- by removing fuel from fire. - By cutting of fuel supply [ Most effective for gas fire ] Smothering :- blanketing of fuel by coating material, - by inserting of gas, steam/vaporizing liquid Cooling : -natural cooling ( water spray is the most commonly used) [ effective for oxidizing chemicals, fires, etc.,] Breaking chain reaction fourth method

Types of Fire Extinguishers

Different types of fire extinguishers are designed to fight different classes of fire.
The 3 most common types of fire extinguishers are:
1. 2.

Water (APW) Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

3.

Dry Chemical (ABC, BC, DC)

1.APW(Air Pressurized Water)

Filled with ordinary tap water and pressurized air, they are essentially large squirt guns.

for Class A fires only

APWs extinguish fire by taking away the heat element of the Fire Triangle.

Water Gas cartridge/Mechanical foam

Types of Fire Extinguishers

2.Carbon

Dioxide Fire Extinguishers

CO2s are designed for Class B and C (Flammable Liquids and Electrical Sources)fires only! In accordance with NFPA regulations (and manufacturers recommendations), all CO2 extinguishers at OSU undergo hydrostatic testing and recharge every 5 years.

Types of Fire Extinguishers

2.

Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers

Carbon dioxide is a non-flammable gas that takes away the oxygen element of the fire triangle. Without oxygen, there is no fire. CO2 is very cold as it comes out of the extinguisher, so it cools the fuel as well.

Carbon di Oxide

Types of Fire Extinguishers

3.Dry

Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers

Dry chemical extinguishers put out fire by coating the fuel with a thin layer of dust. This separates the fuel from the oxygen in the air.

The powder also works to interrupt the chemical reaction of fire. These extinguishers are very effective at putting out fire.

Types of Fire Extinguishers

3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers

Dry chemical extinguishers come in a variety of types

DC (for Dry Chemical) ABC (can be used on Class A, B, or C fires) BC (designed for use on Class B and C fires)

DCP

Different Type of Fire Extinguishers

Sl No Types of fire Extinguishers Available
ABC (Powder based)

Used for class of Fire

All Classes(Versatile)

DCP(Powder based)
CO2 (Gas based)

B , C Classes
B , C Classes & Electrical Fire

WCO2 (Water based)

A Class Only

Fire extinguishers at KPNPL

CATEGORY
MECHANICAL FOAM 5O LTRS CO2 TYPE 22.5 KGS STORED PRESSURE POWDER 10 KGS DRY CHEMICAL POWDER 5 KGS

TYPE QUANTITY
AB BC ABC BC 10 8 20 7

Total Numbers

45

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher

Its easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher if you remember the acronym PASS:

Pull Aim Squeeze Sweep

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher

Pull the pin
This

will allow you to discharge the extinguisher

How to use Extinguisher

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher

Aim at the base of the fire

Hit the fuel.

If you aim at the flames... the extinguishing agent will fly right through and do no good.

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher

Squeeze the top handle

This depresses a button that releases the pressurized extinguishing agent.

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher

Sweep from side to side

.. until the fire is completely out.

Start using the extinguisher from a safe distance away, then slowly move forward. Once the fire is out, keep an eye on the area in case it reignites.

Rules for Fighting Fires

.

. . before deciding to fight the fire, keep these things in mind:

Know what is burning. If you dont know whats burning, you wont know what kind of extinguisher to use.

Even if you have an ABC fire extinguisher, there may be something in the fire that is going to explode or produce toxic fumes. Is the fire spreading rapidly beyond the point where it started? The time to use an extinguisher is at the beginning stages of the fire.

IN CASE OF FIRE
Dos
RAISE AN ALARM

Normally by operating a break glass call point) Use a Portable Fire Extinguisher to put of FIRE Leave the room, closing door behind you, using the nearest FIRE EXIT Use the STAIRS an move towards the ground Floor Report to the Fire warden/Responsible person. Inform the Fire Brigade

IN CASE OF FIRE
DO NOT PANIC

Donts

Dont try to use an Extinguisher if you do not know !!! Do not use any Electrical / Electronic Equipments Do not congest towards ONE EXIT only, use alternate EXIT Do Not use LIFTS / Escalators etc Do not Re-enter the building

KEY POINTS
FLASH POINT : Flash point is the minimum temperature at which sufficient vapor given a momentary flash in presence of air AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE: It the lowest temperature at which material begins to burn with out heat in presence of air

Fire Hazards at our Plant

Welding

Operation Gas Cutting Operation Short-Circuits Chemical fire Diesel Drums Oil Spillage LPG Cylinder CH4 generation at waste paper

Personal hazards
Smoke Smoke Death

and noxious fumes and fumes cause unconsciousness

may result

CONTAINER LABELING
Flammable liquids should have a label such as this: DANGER FLAMMABLE KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, SPARKS & OPEN FLAMES KEEP CLOSED WHEN NOT IN USE

NFPA LABELING SYSTEM

Symbols

Symbols

Symbols

Symbols

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS (MSDS)

Information

regarding fire prevention and fire extinguishing Safe storage and handling procedures Spill clean-up procedures Proper labeling Use to compare products for hazards such as flash point and flammability range

SPILLS AND LEAKS

Spills must be quickly and safely cleaned to prevent flammable vapors from igniting A large quantity of absorbent material should be kept on hand Treat spill clean-up materials as flammable and dispose of separately from the regular trash, preferably in a separate plastic bag Large spills of flammable liquids (more than one quart) need special cleanup procedures

Leakage of Flammable / Explosive Gases From Cylinders

If gas leaks :
Do

not on and off any electrical switch.

Avoid any kind of source in the near vicinity. to disperse the cloud. Evacuate the area.

Try

Fire incidents at KPNPL 3rd Feb,10

Fire incidents at KPNPL

Fire Incidents at KPNPL

Fire Incident at KPNPL

Fire Incidents at KPNPL

Fire Incidents at KPNPL

Fire Incident at KPNPL

Fire Incident at KPNPL

Chemical Fire at KPNPL

2nd July,2011

Chemical Fire at KPNPL

Electrical Fire at KPNPL

6th Jan,2011

Unsafe conditions at Our Plant

Unsafe Condition at KPNPL

Unsafe conditions at KPNPL

Unsafe conditions at KPNPL

Unsafe Conditions at KPNPL

REMEMBER !

Fire Prevention Is Everyones Responsibility

Remember
Find
Inform Restrict

Extinguish & Evacuate

Epilogue

IN LIFE
Every

Emergency Experience is a Hard Teacher Because She Gives the Test First, the Lesson Afterwards