Atomic Theory and Structure

Mr. Lambert Rossview High School

First Things First

What

is an atom??

Smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction. An atom is an element. What comprises an atom is a non-element.

How

did we discover the atom?

Democrituss Atomic Philosophy

Suggested

the existence of atoms.

Believed, incorrectly, that atoms were indivisible and indestructible.

Why

was it incorrect?

Not based on evidence, experiments or scientific method

Daltons Atomic Theory

John Dalton Daltons Atomic Theory

All elements are composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms. Atoms of the same element are identical. The atoms of any one element are different from those of any other element. Atoms of different elements can physically mix together or can chemically combine in simple whole-number ratios to form compounds. Chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated, joined, or rearranged. Atoms of one element, however are never changed into atoms of another element as a result of a chemical reaction.

Daltons Atomic Theory

This

graph may help you more fully understand:

Text pg.102

Properties of the Atom

Extremely

small

Generally 5x10-11m Can still be seen through certain microscopes

Scanning

Tunneling Microscopes

Pair Share
With

the person sitting next to you, ask yourselves these questions:

What is Daltons Atomic Theory? How does an element relate to atoms?

The STRUCTURE OF THE ATOMSub-Atomic Particles

Dalton

was not completely correct.

Atoms are actually DIVISIBLE.

These

smaller particles do not exhibit elemental behavior and are the same in all atoms of all the elements. Proton, Neutron, Electron

Electrons
e

Negative charge of 1 1/1840 mass of proton J.J. Thomson

Cathode

Ray Tube Identified negative particle

Robert Millikan
Charge

to Mass ratio of e-

# of electrons = # of protons

Protons
p+

Positive charge of 1 1 amu = 1.67 x 10-24 g Always equals the number of eAtomic Number = # of p+

Neutrons
n0

Neutrally charged particles Mass equal to that of a proton # of n0 = amu - protons

So where are they?

Where

atom?

are sub-atomic particles in an

Atomic Nucleus
Rutherfords

Gold Foil Experiment Rutherford Atomic Model

Protons and Neutrons in center nucleus Electrons are distributed around the nucleus.

Nucleus- tiny central core of an atoms and is composed of protons and electrons.

Review Video
www.brightstorm.com/map/134

Homework:
Analytical

Comparison of protons, neutrons, electrons, and atomic nuclear theory.

Typed 1 pg response

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4.3 in text.