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SMAN 3 SEMARANG
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Berisi materi tentang konfigurasi, ik. Ion, ik. Kovalen, kepolaran dan ik. Logam
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CHEMICAL BOND
Competences Material Exercise SPU References
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Basic of Competence
Describe possibility of chemical bond occurs by using periodic table
Indicators:
Explain the tendency of element to reach its stability by binding with another elements Describe composition of noble gas valence electron (duplet and octet)and lewis stcture Explain the occurance process of ionic and covalent bond and compound specimen explore polarity of several compoundand its association electronegativity through experiment Explain formation process of coordination bond in several simplcompound speciments Explain formation process of metallic bond and its association with metal physical properties
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Configuration Ionic Bond Covalent Bond Metallic bond SPU
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He Ne
2 2 8
Ar
Kr Xe Rn
2
2 2 2
8
8 8 8
8
18 18 18 8 18 32 8 18
8
2 8
10Ne
2 8 8
Noble gas electron configuration is full configuration and most stable with amount valence electron 8 (oktet) except He has valence electron 2(duplet).
18Ar
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He Ne
2 2 8
Ar
Kr Xe Rn
2
2 2 2
8
8 8 8
8
18 18 18 8 18 32 8 18
8
2 8
10Ne
Others element atom can reach their stability become oktet or duplet by 2 ways: 1. Electron transfer (Ionic bond) 2. Sharing a pair of electron(covalent bond)
18Ar
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Konfigurasi Ikatan ion Ik. Kovalen Ik. Logam Lihat SPU
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He Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe Rn
2 8
10Ne
2 8 8
18Ar
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He Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe Rn
configuration : 2 1 In order to Li atomic is stable like noble gas, Li tends to / gain electron give
KLIK SALAH SATU
2 8
10Ne
2 8 8
18Ar
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Configuration Ionic Bond Covalent BondMetallic Bond SPU
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He Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe Rn
configuration: 2 1 In order to Li atomic can stable is like noble gas tend to or electron gain give How many electrons that is given? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2 8
10Ne
2 8 8
18Ar
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He Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe Rn
configuration: 2 1 In order to Li atomic is stable like noble gas tend to or Give electron Gain How many electron is given? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2 8
10Ne
18Ar
Li
Li+ (stable)
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Configuration Ionic bond Covalent bond Metallic bond SPU
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He Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe Rn
2 8
10Ne
2 8 8
18Ar
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Configuration Ionic Bond Covalent BondMetallic Bond SPU
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He Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe Rn
2 8
10Ne
2 8 8
18Ar
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Configuration Ionic Bond Covalent bond Metallic Bond SPU
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He Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe Rn
Configuration 17Cl : 2 8 7 In order to Cl atomic can stable is like noble gas, Cl tends to Gain / electron Give How many electron that can be received? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
KLIK SALAH SATU
2 8
10Ne
2 8 8
18Ar
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He Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe Rn
Configuration of 17Cl : 2 8 7 In order to Cl atomic can stable is like Noble gas, Cl tends to Gain / electron Give How many electron can be received? 1 2
17Cl
2 8
10Ne
2 8 8 28 7
18Ar
2 8 8
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He Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe Rn
2 8
10Ne
2 8 8
18Ar
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He Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe Rn
Configuration of 20Ca: 2 8 8 2 In order Ca atom can stable is like noble gas, Ca tends to Gain / Give electron
KLIK SALAH SATU
2 8
10Ne
2 8 8
18Ar
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He Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe Rn
10Ne
2 8 8
18Ar
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He Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe Rn
1
20Ca
10Ne
2 8 8 2 8 8 2 2 8 8
18Ar
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He Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe Rn
2 8
10Ne
2 8 8
18Ar
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He Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe Rn
Configuration of 8Cl : 2 6 In order to Cl atomic can stable is like noble gas, Cl tends to Gain / / Give electron
KLIK SALAH SATU
2 8
10Ne
2 8 8
18Ar
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He Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe Rn
2 8
10Ne
2 8 8
18Ar
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He Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe Rn
Configuration of 8Cl : 2 6 In order to Cl can be stable as noble gas, Cl tends to electron Gain/ Give How many electron is gained? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2 8
10Ne
2 8 8 2 6 28
18Ar
8O
O2- (Stable)
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Ionic Bond is a bonding formed as a result of electrons transfer. This leads to the formation of positive and negative ions which have the noble gas
1. Example: Li2O bond (Litium Oksida)
Metal element ( Li with configuration 2 1) tends to be stable by giving 1 electron to form Li+
Electron that is given by Li metal is gained by non-metal atom ( O with configuration 2 6 ). To reach its stablity, O needs 2 electrons to form O2- . So that, 1 atom O needs 2 atom Li
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Konfigurasi Ikatan ion Ik. Kovalen Ik. Logam Lihat SPU
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Ionic Bond is a bonding formed as a result of electrons transfer. This leads to the formation of positive and negative ions which have the noble gas
1. Example: Li2O bond (Litium Oksida) Metal element ( Li with configuration 2 1) tends to be stable by giving 1 electron to form Li+ Electron that is given by Li metal is gained by non-metal atom ( O with configuration 2 6 ). To reach its stablity, O needs 2 electrons to form O2- . So that, 1 atom O needs 2 atom Li
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Configuration Ionic bond Covalent bond Metallic bond SPU
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Ionic Bond is a bonding formed as a result of electrons transfer. This leads to the formation of positive and negative ions which have the noble gas
1. Example: Li2O (Litium Oksida) Metal element ( Li with configuration 2 1) tends to be stable by giving 1 electron to form Li+ Electron that is given by Li metal is gained by non-metal atom ( O with configuration 2 6 ). To reach its stablity, O needs 2 electrons to form O2- . So that, 1 atom O needs 2 atom Li
Li+ (stabil) Li
28
Li+ (stabil) Li
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O2- (Stabil) O
Lihat Ulang
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Konfigurasi Ikatan ion Ik. Kovalen Ik. Logam Lihat SPU
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Cl ( non logam ) has atomic number 17 with configuration 2 8 7, Cl tends to Electron ? gain give /
How many electrons id gained?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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Cl ( non logam ) has atomic number 17 with configuration 2 8 7, Cl tends to Electron ? gain give /
How many electrons is gained?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Electrons Tranfers
2 8 1 2 8 7
11Na
17Cl
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Konfigurasi Ikatan ion Ik. Kovalen Ik. Logam Lihat SPU
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Konfigurasi Ikatan ion Ik. Kovalen Ik. Logam Lihat SPU
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Configuration Ionic Covalent Metallic SPU
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Konfigurasi Ikatan ion Ik. Kovalen Ik. Logam Lihat SPU
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Electron Transfer
2 8 1 2 6
12Mg
8O
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Configuration Ionic Covalent Metallic SPU
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Configuration Ionic Covalent Metallic SPU
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Electron transfer
2 8 8 2
2 8
x1 x2
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Configuration Ionic Covalent Metallic SPU
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Configuration Ionic Covalent Metallic SPU
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O (non metal) has atomic number 8, with configuration 2 6, O tends to Eletron ? gain give / As many as 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8O
Electron transfer
13Al
8O
8O
x2 x3
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Ikatan H2
H
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H H
atau H - H
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b. Bond between H atomic (non metal) and Cl atomic (non metal) Ikatan HCl
Atom H dan Cl yang saling mendekat sehingga membentuk ikatan molekul HCl
Cl
Cl
atau H - Cl
Atom H memerlukan 1 elektron ( duplet ) sedangkan atom Cl memerlukan 1 elektron (oktet). Kemudian kedua atom memasangkan 1 elektronnya Untuk membentuk molekul HCl
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2. Double Covalent Bond Double Covalent bond is the shared 2 pairs of electrons Its symbolized by ( )
Contoh: Ikatan antara atom O (non logam) dengan atom O (non logam) Ikatan O2
Atom O memiliki nomor atom 8 dengan 6 elektron terluar, agar dapat stabil (oktet) atom O masing-masing membutuhkan 2 elektron.
atau O = O
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3. Triple Covalent Bond Triple Covalent bond is the shared pair of 3 electron Its symbolized by ( )
Contoh: Ikatan antara atom N (non logam) dengan atom N (non logam) Ikatan N2
Atom N memiliki nomor atom 7 dengan 5 elektron terluar, agar dapat stabil (oktet) atom N masing-masing membutuhkan 3 elektron.
atau N
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3. Covalent Coordination Bond Covalent Coordination is chemical bond in which the shared pair of electrons is provided by only one of the bonded atoms
+
H H N H H
H
H N H
PEB
H
+ H+ H N H H
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2. Polar Covalent Compound Polar covalent compound occurs on atoms that have different electronegativity is big. If we compare the polarity between H F and H Cl, Which one is more polar? Absolutely, H F is more polar because F has bigger electronegativity more than Cl
Elektron yang dipakai bersama Tertarik kearah F bukan H, karena Keelektronegatifan F > H
Contoh: Senyawa-senyawa kovalen polar: HCl, HF, HI, H2O, NH3 dll
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Metallic Bond is a bonding formed between metallic atom by use electron valence interaction
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References
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Depdiknas, 2002, Kurikulum berbasis kompetensi mata pelajaran kimia SMA dan MA, Jakarta. Pusat kurikulum Firman, Harry, Liliasari, 1997. Kimia 1 untuk SMU kelas 1, Jakarta , Balai Pustaka. Parning dkk, 2003, Kimia 1A, Yudhistira, cetakan I Petrucci, Ralph, H. Suminar, 1992, Kimia dasar, ed ke-4 jilid 1, Jakarta Erlangga Purba, Michael, 2002, Kimia 1A SMU ,Jakarta , erlangga Santosa Sri juni, 2004, Kimia untuk kelas X, Intan Pariwara Sutresna Nana, 2004, Kimia untuk SMA kelas 1, cetakan II, grafindo. Suyatno dkk, 2004, Kimia SMA kelas 1, Grasindo
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1. Ikatan kimia antar unsur-unsur dapat terjadi dikarenakan setiap unsur mempunyai a. Lintasan elektron yang berjumlah sama b. Netron dalam inti atom c. Jumlah proton dan elektronnya dalam inti sama d. Jumlah massa atom e. Kecenderungan memiliki konfigurasi elektron gas mulia
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2. Ikatan yang terdapat antara atom-atom H ( nomor atom = 1 ) dalam molekul H2 adalah ikatan ............. a. Ion b. Kovalen c. Hidrogen d. Logam e. Kovalen Polar
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3. Diketahui unsur-unsur P, R, Q, dan S dengan nomor atom berturut-turut 11, 17, 12, dan 18. Ikatan ion mungkin dihasilkan antara atom-atom unsur ........... a. P dan S b. P dan R c. R dan S d. P dan Q e. Q dan S
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4. Dari pasangan-pasangan senyawa di bawah ini, yang mempunyai ikatan kovalen pada kedua senyawanya adalah ......... a. NH3 KCl b. CO2 BaCl2 c. H2O CCl4 d. NaCl KBr e. HF - LiCl
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5. Pada molekul N2 ( nomor atom N=7 ) jumlah pasangan elektron yang digunakan bersama adalah ............ a. Satu b. Dua c. Tiga d. Empat e. Lima
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6. Unsur X mempunyai konfigurasi elektron 2,8,8,2. Sedangkan unsur Y 2,8,18,7. Kalau kedua unsur membentuk senyawa rumusnya adalah .......... a. XY2 b. X2Y c. X2Y3 d. X2Y5 e. X2Y7
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7. Pasangan dibawah ini yang dapat membentuk ikatan kovalen adalah .. a. 8X dan 11Y b. 12P dan 12Q c. 6R dan 17Q d. 19M dan 16T e. 19A dan 35Br
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8. Di antara senyawa di bawah ini yang merupakan senyawa kovalen koordinasi adalah ........ ( Ar, H=1; C=6; N=7; O=8; S=16; Cl=17 ) a. H2O b. CH4 c. CCl4 d. NH4+ e. KCl
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9. Diantara senyawa golongan halogenida berikut yang bersifat paling polar adalah . a. HF b. HCl c. HBr d. HI e. HAt
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10. Pada gambar dibawah ini nomor berapa yang menunjukkan adanya ikatan kovalen koordinasi .. +
3 H N H 1 2 H a. 1 b. 2 4 H
c. 3
d. 4
e. 2 dan 4
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