Location: Western Hemisphere North America United States and Mexico

Producers

Herbivores

Omnivores

Carnivores

Decomposers

Phytoplankton Bacteria

Sea Turtle

Sharks

Sting ray

Algae

Dugong

Whale

Lion Fish

Fungus

Biotic
Sharks Dolphins

Abiotic
Approximately 200m below the ocean receives sunlight Currents under the ocean

Fish Sea Turtles

Jelly Fish

The BP Oil Spill

Amount of carbon dioxide in the ocean Rocks breaking down and making sand

.01% 1% 10% 100%

Bacteria, Fungus
As you move up to each level of the pyramid, 10% of the energy is lost.

Sharks, Whales

Turtles, Dugongs Phytoplankton, Algae

Dependent
Propellers on Boats Sickness in Fish

Independent
Oil Spills Hurricanes

Fishermen

Tsunamis/Earthquakes

When it rains for a long period of time, there will be a lot of clouds covering the sun, therefore, the plants cannot grow as much. When the plants dont grow, fish have to compete to get to the plants that are still alive. When a prey of some type has a very small population, the predators that eat that prey have to compete to eat that animal.

Type of Symbiosis Mutualism

Example

Moray eel gets a clean mouth, and the cleaner fish gets food.

Commensalism

Barnacles travel on whales to gain access to nutrient-rich waters.

A copepod attached to a shark damages the cornea of the shark and can cause many other sicknesses.

Parasitism

Most aquatic ecosystems are replaced by terrestrial ecosystems. Aquatic ecosystems receive continuous inputs of soil particles and organic matter. As sediment increases, water depth decreases.

When a volcano on the ocean floor erupts and the pioneer species have already died off, this creates soil making it able for plants to start growing on it.

Carbon Dioxide
Things that add oxygen into the atmosphere would be when the ocean takes in carbon dioxide from the air. Things that add carbon dioxide into the air would be volcanoes under the ocean and the burning of fossil fuels in boats.

Two ways water gets from the ground to the air would be from trees (transpiration) and from the ocean (evaporation).

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Nitrogen must be fixed and turned into ammonia. Ammonia then picks up H+ ions and becomes ammonium. Ammonium converts into nitrites. Nitrites convert to nitrates. Plants use nitrates to make amino acids. (assimilation) Animals get the nitrogen when they eat. Denitrafacation- anaerobic bacteria break down nitrates and release nitrogen gas into the air.

Biodiversity in the ocean is very large because there are many types of fish and other animals that live in the ocean.

Air Pollution: -When the air has pollution in it, the pollution starts to absorb into the ocean, slowly acidifying it. Acid Rain: -When acid rain gets into our oceans, it acidifies the ocean killing numerous plants and animals Water Pollution: -kills animals and plants Non-Native Species: -take over the species already living there.

Boating- damages habitats of the fish. Major Storms- washes fish away from their habitats Oil spills- causes the sun not to be about to penetrate the water causing the animals that need oxygen (dolphins, etc..) not to be able to receive it.