Fiber-optic communication

OPTICAL FIBER
Optical fibre consist of glass or plastic having core

refractive index greater than cladding having human HAIR size used to transmit the signal from one to another end.
Optical fiber consists of a core, cladding and a

protective outer coating, which guides light along the

core by Total Internal Reflection.

Fiber Optic Layers

consists of three concentric sections
Outer coating glass or plastic fiber core cladding

HISTORY REPEATS ITSELF

FROM ANCIENT GREEKS

TO

21ST CENTURY

OPTICAL FIBER PRINCIPLE

.
Light is kept in the "core" of the optical fiber by Total

Internal Reflection.
When a ray of light travel from denser to rarer &

medium, if angle of incidence is greater than critical, then a ray sent back to that medium.

Why Optical Fibers ?

As mans need and hunger for communication increased, the amount of bandwidth required increased exponentially. Initially we used smoke signals, then horse riders for communicating. But these ways were way to slow and had very little bandwidth or data caring capacity. Then came the telephone and telegraph that used copper wires for communication. But soon demand out striped the capacity and capability of copper wires and data transport got added to voice communication. Then came Coaxial copper cables, VHF and UHF Radios, Satellite but demand still outstripped the supply. It was not until Optical Fibers came on the scene that large amount of communication bandwidth became economically and easily available to everyone. As an example 50,000 voice / data circuit copper cable is massive in size and very expensive, while a single Optical Fiber, the diameter of human hair, can carry 5,00,000 circuits of voice and data. This capacity is increasing day by day as supporting electronics is developing. In itself the capacity of Optical Fibers is limitless.

Fiber-optic communication
is a method of transmitting information from one

place to another by sending light through an optical fiber.

The light forms an Electromagnetic Carrier Wave that

is modulated to carry information.

Areas of Application
TELECOMMUNICATIONS LOCAL AREA NETWORKS CABLE TV

CCTV
OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS

LONG DISTANCE COMMUNICATION BACKBONES

Advantages of fiber optics

Much Higher Bandwidth (Gbps) - Thousands of channels can be multiplexed together over one strand of fiber Immunity to Noise Immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Safety - Doesnt transmit electrical signals, making it safe in environments like a gas pipeline. High Security - Impossible to tap into.

Advantages of fiber optics

Less Loss - Repeaters can be spaced 75 miles apart (fibers can be made to have only 0.2 dB/km of attenuation) Reliability - More resilient than copper in extreme environmental conditions. Size - Lighter and more compact than copper. Flexibility - Unlike impure, brittle glass, fiber is physically very flexible.

Fiber Optic Disadvantages

expensive over short distance requires highly skilled installers adding additional nodes is difficult

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THANKS