Chapter 15

Time Periods
Archaic Period: ca. 700 480 BCE -ends with the Persian invasion and sack of Athens in 480 BCE Classical Period: 480 323 BCE -sack of Athens to the death of Alexander the Great Hellenistic Period: 323 30 BCE -the death of Alexander the Great to the Roman conquest of Egypt

Pottery
-best example of Greek painting -cheap, easy to make and distribute -found in graves

Symposium
(plural: symposia) -a social, drinking party -all-male affair; sometimes female prostitutes present -recline on couches kline -mixed wine and water -played games, discussed philosophy, told stories of Greek heroes

Amphora: used for carrying and storing water

Krater: used for mixing water and wine Kanthyros: drinking cup Kylix: drinking cup

-volute krater -black figure -depicts mythological scenes

Francois vase, Kleitias and Ergotimos, 6th century BCE

Side B -boar hunt -funeral games of Patroklos -marriage of Peleus and Thetis -Achilles killing Troilos

Side A -return of Athenian youths -Centauromachy -marriage of Peleus and Thetis -return of Hephaistos

Francois vase, Kleitias and

Ergotimos, 6th century BCE

-kylix
-black figure -Dionysos is god of wine

-the wine dark sea

Dionysos and Dolphins, Exekias, ca. 540 BCE

Black Figure
-7th to 5th centuries BCE

-Corinth and Attica

-incised details

Ajax and Achilles Gaming, Exekias,

ca. 550-540 BCE

Red Figure
-530 to 3rd century BCE -Athens -Death of Sarpedon Euphronios Krater, ca. 515 BCE

Sculpture
-humans are closest thing to perfection

-marble Roman copies of Greek bronze originals

-athletic achievement, votive offerings, representations of deities

Archaic Sculpture
-Kouros naked male youth;
stiff arms; left leg forward -Kore female youth

Kouros, marble, ca. 610-600 BCE

Peplos Kore, marble, ca. 530 BCE

-athletic tribute
-Perserschutt -beginnings of contrapposto -transition to Classical style

Kritios Boy, marble, ca. 480 BCE

Classical Sculpture
-rational simplicity, order,
restrained emotion

-interest in how the body moves

-internalized contemplation

-contrapposto
Doryphoros, Polykleitos, marble, ca. 450-440 BCE Riace Warrior, bronze, 450-440 BCE

Late Classical Sculpture

-exaggerated S curve
-slight interest in interaction -first nude woman sculpture
Dionysos and Hermes, Praxiteles, marble, ca. 350 BCE Aphrodite of Knidos, Praxiteles, marble, ca. 350 BCE

Hellenistic Sculpture
-no longer restrained to idealized proportions and bodies -emotion, twisting, contorted poses -figures interacting
Laocon Group, Agasander, Athenodorus and Polydoros of Rhodes, marble, 2nd to 1st century BCE

Hellenistic Sculpture
-diverse subject matter -everyday scenes, historical subjects, myths

Drunken Old Woman, marble, 3rd century BCE

Nike of Samothrace, marble, ca. 190 BCE

Architecture

Doric

Ionic

Canonical Greek Doric Temple

-surrounded by a colonnade -has a cella -2 porches -housed a cult statue -was adorned with mythological sculpture
Temple of Hera at Paestum (near Naples), Italy, ca. 460 BCE

Parthenon
-Delian League -Perikles -46 columns, cella separated into 2 unconnected rooms, shallow porches

-Ionic features

Parthenon, Iktinos and Kallikrates, Athenian Acropolis 447-432 BCE

Parthenon
-Architectural advances -optical correctness

Parthenon, Iktinos and Kallikrates, Athenian Acropolis 447-432 BCE

Sculpture of the Parthenon

-chryselephantine -Delian Treasury

Athena Parthenos, Pheidias, gold and ivory, ca. 447, (reconstruction in Nashville Parthenon)

Pediments of the Parthenon West Pediment

-contest between Poseidon and Athena

East Pediment
-depicts the birth of Athena

Pediments of the Parthenon East Pediment

Doric Frieze of the Parthenon

-North side: sack of Troy

-South side: Centauromachy

-East side: Gigantomachy -West side: Amazonomachy
South metope, Centaur and Lapith

Ionic Frieze of the Parthenon

Ionic Frieze of the Parthenon

-depicts the

Panathenaic Procession

-Peplos

Ionic Frieze of the Parthenon

Hoplite Soldiers

Elders

Bull Led to Sacrifice

Ionic Frieze of the Parthenon

Poseidon, Apollo, Artemis

Dionysos, Hera, Zeus

Ionic Frieze of the Parthenon

Presentation of the peplos