INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Integumentary System

SKIN

Functions:
- Protection
- Conservation of body temperature - Immunity

- Adaptation

SKIN
More complex combination of tissues Largest organ in the body Entirely waterproof, and provides a protective barrier for the more delicate underlying tissues.

PARTS:

Epidermis outer Layer

Dermis connective tissue. Inner layer Sebaceous glands secretes sebum Sweat glands
Papillae responsible for fingerprints

Melanin responsible for color

Layers of the epidermis:

Stratum Corneum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Germinativum

STRATUM CORNEUM Consists of dead cells completely filled with a protein called KERATIN. Consists of 20 % water. Composed of flattened cells. Thickness = amount of stimulation of the surface (abrasion and weight bearing)

STRATUM LUCIDUM

Not seen in thinner skin. A layer of 1 to 5 cells thick. Consisting of transparent, flattened, dead or dying cells. The cells usually lacks NUCLEI.

STRATUM GRANULOSUM
Provides a transition into the subjacent layers. Active in keratinization. STRATUM SPINOSUM
Consists

of rows of Prickly cells.

STRATUM GERMINATIVUM Contains 70% water. The deepest and most important layer; contains cells capable of mitotic division. These cells give rise to all outer layers of the epidermis. MELANIN is formed in this skin layer.

MELANIN
Produced by melanocytes. It is capable of cross-linking with protein to form a tough, resistant compound.

APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN

HAIR NAILS GLANDS a. SEBACEOUS GLANDS b. SWEAT GLANDS

APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN

HAIR

- Grows out of FOLLICLES.

- ARRECTOR PILI

a band of smooth muscle that connects the undersurface of the follicle to the superficial part of the dermis. - Is innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers and its contraction causes the hair to move into a more vertical position. - Also compresses the sebaceous gland and causes it to extrude some of its secretions.

APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN

NAILS
- Are KERATINIZED plates on the dorsal surfaces of the tips of the fingers and toes.

GLANDS:
A. SEBACEOUS GLANDS - Pour their secretion, the SEBUM, onto the shafts of the hairs. B. SWEAT GLANDS - long, spiral tubular glands distributed over the surface of the body except the red margins of the lips, nail beds, and the glans penis & clitoris. - the MOST DEEPLY PENETRATING structures of al the appendages.

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