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MSC Coimbatore
Agenda
Recap of Network Architecture Functional Layer of GSM Air Interface System Capacity Anti Interference Technology Network Planning Numbering arrangement
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MSC/VLR BSC Abis BSS Um A MSC/VLR C HLR/ AUC E PSTN ISDN PSPDN H SC/VM MSS
BTS
F
EIR
MS
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Agenda
Network Architecture Recap of Protocol Stack Air Interface System Capacity Anti Interference Technology Network Planning Numbering arrangement
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MS CM MM RR RR
BTS
BSC
MSC CM MM
LAPDm Um
MTP2
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Agenda
Network
Architecture Functional Layer of GSM Air Interface System Capacity Anti Interference Technology Network Planning Numbering arrangement
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TDMA
time
Concept:
User 3 User 2
User 1
Frequency
GSM adopts TDMA/FDMA mode channel width: 200KHz each channel has 8 timeslots
channel is composed of a series of timeslots of periodicity. Different signal energies are distributed into different timeslots. The adjacent channel interference is restricted by connection choosing from time to time. So the useful signal is passed only in the specified timeslot.
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200KHz
BP
time interval
10
15/26ms
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GSM Spectrum
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Frequency Resource
GSM900 : up: 890~915MHz down: 935~960MHz duplex interval: 45MHz bandwidth: 25MHz frequency interval: 200KHz GSM1800 : up: 1710-1785MHz down: 1805-1880MHz duplex interval: 95MHz working bandwidth: 75MHz frequency interval: 200KHz EGSM900 : up: 880~890MHz down: 925~935MHz duplex interval: 45MHz bandwidth: 10MHz frequency interval: 200KHz GSM1900MHz: up:1850~1910MHz down:1930~1990MHz duplex interval: 80MHz working bandwidth: 60MHz frequency interval: 200KHz
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Frequency Band
Uplink/Downlink Separation
ARFCN
GSM 450
10 MHz
259 to 293
GSM 480
10 MHz
306 to 340
GSM 750
30 MHz
438 to 511
GSM 850
45 MHz
128 to 251
P-GSM 900
45 MHz
1 to 124
E-GSM 900
45 MHz
R-GSM 900
45 MHz
DCS 1800
45 MHz
512 to 885
PCS 1900
45 MHz
512 to 810
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Agenda
Network
Architecture Functional Layer of GSM Air Interface Indian Scenario System Capacity Anti Interference Technology Network Planning Numbering arrangement
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SACFA Standing Advisory Committee for Frequency Allocation WPC- Wireless Planning Committee
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Agenda
Network
Architecture Functional Layer of GSM Air Interface Indian Scenario Propagation and Channels Anti Interference Technology Network Planning Numbering arrangement
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Frequency Resource
Single Band Network Cell coverage radius :
We know
Propagation characteristic
The higher the propagation frequency The higher the propagation loss 900MHz 1800MHz 1900MHz
SACCH/TCH FACCH
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Physical Channel
0
8
1
9
2
10
3
11
4
12
5
13
6
14
7
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
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The physical channel adopts FDMA and TDMA techs. On the time domain, a specified channel occupies the same timeslots in each TDMA frame, so it can be identified by the timeslot number and frame number.
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Channel Type-Summary
14.4Kbit/s FR TCH (TCH/F14.4)
9.6Kbit/s FR TCH(TCH/F9.6) Data CH TCH Voice CH 4.8Kbit/s FR TCH (TCH/F4.8) 4.8Kbit/s HR TCH (TCH/H4.8) FR Voice Traffic Channel (TCH/FS) Enhanced FR Traffic Channel (TCH/EFR) HR Traffic Channel (TCH/HS) FCCH (down) SCH (down) BCCH (down) RACH (up) AGCH (down) PCH (down) SDCCH FACCH SACCH
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channel
BCH CCH
CCCH
DCCH
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Channel Type
Traffic Channel
Transmit voice and data
Signaling Channel
transmit the signaling and synchronous data between BTS and MS.
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Channel Type
BCH : Frequency Correction CHannelFCCH -- for MS error correction Synchronous ChannelSCH) -- for MS frame synchronization and BTS recognization Broadcasting Control CHannelBCCH -- broadcasting information(cell selection information, etc..)
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Channel Type
DCCH
Self-help Dedicated Control ChannelSDCCH for channel distribution information transmission Slow Associated Control Channel SACCH
combined with one traffic channel or SDCCH, to transmit some specific information of user information combined with one traffic channel, taking the same signal as SDCCH. It occupies the service channel to transmit signaling information.
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R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R (c) FCCH+SCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4(0,...,3)+SACCH/C4(0,...,3)
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Agenda
Network
Architecture Functional Layer of GSM Air Interface Frequency Allocation in India Cell Configurations Anti Interference Technology Network Planning Numbering arrangement
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Omni-directional cell
O
Adopt omni-directional antenna the overall directional propagation characteristic is the same.
Directional cell
In general, cell with multi-sector is in common use. Every directional cell adopts directional antenna.
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Agenda
Network
Architecture Functional Layer of GSM Air Interface System Capacity Anti Interference Technology Network Planning Numbering arrangement
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The transmission path is very complex, ranging from the simple line-of-sight transmission to encountering such terrain as buildings, hills and trees. Wireless channels are extremely unpredictable. Abrupt drop, or fading, of signal strength in the land mobile wireless channel is quite common. The fading feature of the mobile channel depends on the radio wave propagation environment.
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Environmental factors:
Terrain (mountains, hills, plains, water bodies, etc.); The quantity, heights, distribution and materials of buildings; The vegetation of the region; Weather conditions; Natural and artificial electromagnetic noises; Frequency; How MS is moved.
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Interference
Co-Channel Interference
Conception:
the interference among the signals of cochannel cells is called co-channel interference. Result from : Frequency reuse Reduction method: co-channel cells must physically be spaced at a minimum interval to ensure 32 MSC Coimbatore adequate isolation of transmissions.
Interference
Adjacent Channel Interference Conception: The signal interference from the frequency adjacent to that of the signal used is called adjacent channel interference. Reduction method: accurate filtering and channel allocation (maximizing channel intervals of the cell). Interval of frequency reuse inter-cell interference, such as C/I, C/A
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Solution -Anti-interference
FH technology Dynamic power control (DPC) Discontinuous Transceiving (DTX) Diversity receiving technique
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Reason: counteract Rayleigh Fading scatter interference among multiple calls Types: Base band frequency hopping keeps the transmission and receiving frequency of each carrier unit unchanged, but merely sends FU transmission data to different carrier units at different FN moments. radio frequency hopping controls the frequency synthesizer of each transceiver, making it hop according to different schemes in different time slots.
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BTS
BTS
MS
480 ms
The multi-path propagation of radio signals causes magnitude fading and delay time. Space Diversity (antenna diversity) Polarization Diversity orthogonal polarization diversity. horizontal polarization and vertical polarization. Frequency Diversity The working principle of this technology is that such fading wont take place on the frequency outside the coherence bandwidth of the channel.
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Agenda
Network
Architecture Functional Layer of GSM Air Interface System Capacity Anti Interference Technology Network Planning Numbering arrangement
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Frequency Reuse
D3 C1 C3 A1 D2 B2 A1 A2 B1 B3 C2 A1 A3 D2 C1 C3 C2 D1 D3 A2 B1 C3 B2 A1 A3 D2 A1 B1 B3 C2 D1 D3 D2 C1 C3
4 3 reuse mode: one group includes 3 sectors /site ,12 frequency which are distributed to 4 sites. Every site owns 3 frequency.
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Frequency Reuse
B3 C1 C3 A1 A3 B2 C1 A2 B1 B3 A2 A1 A3 C2 A1 A3 B2 C1 C3 B2 C1 B3 A2 B1 B3 A2 A1 A1 A3 C2 A1 A3 B2 C1 C3
3 3 reuse mode: one group includes 3 sectors /site ,9 frequency which are distributed to 3 sites. Every site owns 3 frequency.
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