Sei sulla pagina 1di 40

Air Interface

MSC Coimbatore

Agenda
Recap of Network Architecture Functional Layer of GSM Air Interface System Capacity Anti Interference Technology Network Planning Numbering arrangement

MSC Coimbatore 2

GSM Network Structure


OMC

MSC/VLR BSC Abis BSS Um A MSC/VLR C HLR/ AUC E PSTN ISDN PSPDN H SC/VM MSS

BTS

F
EIR

MS

MSC Coimbatore

GSM Network Entity


Base Transceiver Station ( BTS )

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

Wireless transmission Wireless diversity

Wireless channel encryption


Conversion between wired and wireless signals Frequency Hopping

MSC Coimbatore

GSM Network Entity


Base Station Controller ( BSC )

Managing Wireless network-BSS Monitoring BTS


Controls:
Wireless link distribution between MS and BTS Communication connection and disconnection MS location, handover and paging Voice encoding, transecoding (TC), rate, adaptation, The operation and maintenance functions of BSS.

MSC Coimbatore

Agenda
Network Architecture Recap of Protocol Stack Air Interface System Capacity Anti Interference Technology Network Planning Numbering arrangement

MSC Coimbatore 6

Protocol Stack Structure of GSM

MS CM MM RR RR

BTS

BSC

MSC CM MM

RR BTSM BTSM LAPD

BSSAP SCCP MTP3

BSSAP SCCP MTP3 MTP2 A

LAPDm Um

LAPDm LAPD Abis

MTP2

MSC Coimbatore

Agenda
Network

Architecture Functional Layer of GSM Air Interface System Capacity Anti Interference Technology Network Planning Numbering arrangement
MSC Coimbatore 8

TDMA

time

Concept:
User 3 User 2

User 1
Frequency

GSM adopts TDMA/FDMA mode channel width: 200KHz each channel has 8 timeslots

channel is composed of a series of timeslots of periodicity. Different signal energies are distributed into different timeslots. The adjacent channel interference is restricted by connection choosing from time to time. So the useful signal is passed only in the specified timeslot.
9

MSC Coimbatore

GSM Timeslot and Frame structure


Frequency

200KHz

BP

time interval
10

15/26ms
MSC Coimbatore

GSM Spectrum

MSC Coimbatore

11

Frequency Resource
GSM900 : up: 890~915MHz down: 935~960MHz duplex interval: 45MHz bandwidth: 25MHz frequency interval: 200KHz GSM1800 : up: 1710-1785MHz down: 1805-1880MHz duplex interval: 95MHz working bandwidth: 75MHz frequency interval: 200KHz EGSM900 : up: 880~890MHz down: 925~935MHz duplex interval: 45MHz bandwidth: 10MHz frequency interval: 200KHz GSM1900MHz: up:1850~1910MHz down:1930~1990MHz duplex interval: 80MHz working bandwidth: 60MHz frequency interval: 200KHz

MSC Coimbatore

12

Frequency Band

Uplink/Downlink Separation

Uplink Frequency Range (Transmit Device = Mobile) 450.4 to 457.6 MHz

Downlink Frequency Range (Transmit Device = Base) 460.4 to 467.6 MHz

ARFCN

GSM 450

10 MHz

259 to 293

GSM 480

10 MHz

478.8 to 486 MHz

488.8 to 496 MHz

306 to 340

GSM 750

30 MHz

747 to 762 MHz

777 to 792 MHz

438 to 511

GSM 850

45 MHz

824 to 849 MHz

869 to 894 MHz

128 to 251

P-GSM 900

45 MHz

890 to 915 MHz

935 to 960 MHz

1 to 124

E-GSM 900

45 MHz

880 to 915 MHz

925 to 960 MHz

0 to124 and 975 to 1023

R-GSM 900

45 MHz

876 to 915 MHz

921 to 960 MHz

0 to 124 and 955 to 1023

DCS 1800

45 MHz

1710 to 1785 MHz

1805 to 1880 MHz

512 to 885

PCS 1900

45 MHz

1850 to 1910 MHz

1930 to 1990 MHz

512 to 810

MSC Coimbatore

13

Agenda
Network

Architecture Functional Layer of GSM Air Interface Indian Scenario System Capacity Anti Interference Technology Network Planning Numbering arrangement
MSC Coimbatore 14

ARFCN used in BSNL


GSM 900 63-93 DCS 1800 713-718,832-844

MSC Coimbatore

15

Bodies Governs Frequency Allocation

SACFA Standing Advisory Committee for Frequency Allocation WPC- Wireless Planning Committee

MSC Coimbatore

16

Agenda
Network

Architecture Functional Layer of GSM Air Interface Indian Scenario Propagation and Channels Anti Interference Technology Network Planning Numbering arrangement
MSC Coimbatore 17

Frequency Resource
Single Band Network Cell coverage radius :

We know

Propagation characteristic
The higher the propagation frequency The higher the propagation loss 900MHz 1800MHz 1900MHz

The smaller the cell coverage radius.


MSC Coimbatore 18

Timeslot and Frame structure


1 super high frame = 2048 super frame = 2715648 TDMA frame 0 1 2 3 2044 2045 2046 2047
BCCH CCCH SDCH

SACCH/TCH FACCH

1 super frame = 1326 TDMA frame6.12s 0 0 1 2 1 3 47 48 24 49 25 50

1 multiplex frame = 26 TDMA frames120ms 1 multiplex frame = 51 TDMA frame 0 1 24 25 0 1 49 50

1 TDMA frame = 8 timeslot120/26 = 4.615ms 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7


19

MSC Coimbatore

Physical Channel

0
8

1
9

2
10

3
11

4
12

5
13

6
14

7
15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

The physical channel adopts FDMA and TDMA techs. On the time domain, a specified channel occupies the same timeslots in each TDMA frame, so it can be identified by the timeslot number and frame number.
MSC Coimbatore 20

Channel Type-Summary
14.4Kbit/s FR TCH (TCH/F14.4)
9.6Kbit/s FR TCH(TCH/F9.6) Data CH TCH Voice CH 4.8Kbit/s FR TCH (TCH/F4.8) 4.8Kbit/s HR TCH (TCH/H4.8) FR Voice Traffic Channel (TCH/FS) Enhanced FR Traffic Channel (TCH/EFR) HR Traffic Channel (TCH/HS) FCCH (down) SCH (down) BCCH (down) RACH (up) AGCH (down) PCH (down) SDCCH FACCH SACCH
21

channel
BCH CCH

CCCH

DCCH

MSC Coimbatore

Channel Type

Traffic Channel
Transmit voice and data

Signaling Channel
transmit the signaling and synchronous data between BTS and MS.

MSC Coimbatore

22

Channel Type

BCH : Frequency Correction CHannelFCCH -- for MS error correction Synchronous ChannelSCH) -- for MS frame synchronization and BTS recognization Broadcasting Control CHannelBCCH -- broadcasting information(cell selection information, etc..)

MSC Coimbatore

23

Channel Type

DCCH
Self-help Dedicated Control ChannelSDCCH for channel distribution information transmission Slow Associated Control Channel SACCH
combined with one traffic channel or SDCCH, to transmit some specific information of user information combined with one traffic channel, taking the same signal as SDCCH. It occupies the service channel to transmit signaling information.
MSC Coimbatore 24

Fast Associated Control Channel FACCH

Structure of 51-frame Control CH


51 Frame BCCH+CCCH F S (Downlink) B C F S C C F S C C F S C C F S C C I

BCCH+CCCH R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R (uplink) (a) FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH 8 SDCCH/8 (Downlink) D0 D0 8 SDCCH/8 (uplink) A1 A5 D1 D1 A2 A6 D2 D2 A3 A7 D3 D3 I I I I I I D0 D0 D4 D4 D1 D1 D5 D5 D2 D2 D6 D6 D3 D3 D7 D7 D4 D4 A0 A4 D5 D5 A1 A5 D6 D6 A2 A6 D7 D7 A3 A7 I I I I I I A0 A4

(b) SDCCH/8(0,...,7)+SACCH/C8(0,...,7) BCCH+CCCH+ F S 4SDCCH/4 (Downlink) F S BCCH+CCCH+ 4SDCCH/4 (uplink) D3 D3 B B R R R R C C A2 A0 F S F S A3 A1 C C C C F S F S D0 D0 D1 D1 F S F S D2 D2 D3 D3 D0 D0 F S F S D1 D1 A0 A2 F S F S A1 A3 D2 D2 I I

R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R (c) FCCH+SCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4(0,...,3)+SACCH/C4(0,...,3)

FFCCH BBCCH RRACH ASACCH/C

SSCH CCCCH(CCCH=PCH+AGCH+RACH) DSDCCH I idle MSC Coimbatore

25

Channel Combination Type


Several logic channels combine together in some way to form some specific types of channel to transmit user data or signaling information. They are called combined channels. One combined channel can be mapped to a physical channel. a b c d e f g There are the following combined channels: TCH/F + FACCH/F + SACCH/TF TCH/H(0,1) + FACCH/H(0,1) + SACCH/TH(0,1) TCH/H(0,0) + FACCH/H(0,1) + SACCH/TH(0,1) + TCH/H(1,1) FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH + SDCCH/4(0...3) + SACCH/C4(0...3) BCCH + CCCH MSC Coimbatore SDCCH/8(0 ..7) + SACCH/C8(0 .. 7)

26

Agenda
Network

Architecture Functional Layer of GSM Air Interface Frequency Allocation in India Cell Configurations Anti Interference Technology Network Planning Numbering arrangement
MSC Coimbatore 27

Cell Mode Layout

Omni-directional cell
O

Adopt omni-directional antenna the overall directional propagation characteristic is the same.

Directional cell
In general, cell with multi-sector is in common use. Every directional cell adopts directional antenna.
MSC Coimbatore 28

Agenda
Network

Architecture Functional Layer of GSM Air Interface System Capacity Anti Interference Technology Network Planning Numbering arrangement
MSC Coimbatore 29

Reasons for Interference

The transmission path is very complex, ranging from the simple line-of-sight transmission to encountering such terrain as buildings, hills and trees. Wireless channels are extremely unpredictable. Abrupt drop, or fading, of signal strength in the land mobile wireless channel is quite common. The fading feature of the mobile channel depends on the radio wave propagation environment.
MSC Coimbatore 30

Reasons for interference

Environmental factors:
Terrain (mountains, hills, plains, water bodies, etc.); The quantity, heights, distribution and materials of buildings; The vegetation of the region; Weather conditions; Natural and artificial electromagnetic noises; Frequency; How MS is moved.
MSC Coimbatore 31

Interference

Co-Channel Interference
Conception:

the interference among the signals of cochannel cells is called co-channel interference. Result from : Frequency reuse Reduction method: co-channel cells must physically be spaced at a minimum interval to ensure 32 MSC Coimbatore adequate isolation of transmissions.

Interference

Adjacent Channel Interference Conception: The signal interference from the frequency adjacent to that of the signal used is called adjacent channel interference. Reduction method: accurate filtering and channel allocation (maximizing channel intervals of the cell). Interval of frequency reuse inter-cell interference, such as C/I, C/A
MSC Coimbatore 33

Solution -Anti-interference

FH technology Dynamic power control (DPC) Discontinuous Transceiving (DTX) Diversity receiving technique
MSC Coimbatore 34

Frequency Hopping Technique

Reason: counteract Rayleigh Fading scatter interference among multiple calls Types: Base band frequency hopping keeps the transmission and receiving frequency of each carrier unit unchanged, but merely sends FU transmission data to different carrier units at different FN moments. radio frequency hopping controls the frequency synthesizer of each transceiver, making it hop according to different schemes in different time slots.
MSC Coimbatore 35

Discontinuous Speech Transmission (DTX)


Two aims can be achieved by adopting DTX mode:
lower the total interference electric level in the air save transmitter power.
TRAU

BTS

BTS

MS

480 ms

comfort noise frame Speech frame


MSC Coimbatore 36

Diversity Reception Technology

The multi-path propagation of radio signals causes magnitude fading and delay time. Space Diversity (antenna diversity) Polarization Diversity orthogonal polarization diversity. horizontal polarization and vertical polarization. Frequency Diversity The working principle of this technology is that such fading wont take place on the frequency outside the coherence bandwidth of the channel.
MSC Coimbatore

37

Agenda
Network

Architecture Functional Layer of GSM Air Interface System Capacity Anti Interference Technology Network Planning Numbering arrangement
MSC Coimbatore 38

Frequency Reuse
D3 C1 C3 A1 D2 B2 A1 A2 B1 B3 C2 A1 A3 D2 C1 C3 C2 D1 D3 A2 B1 C3 B2 A1 A3 D2 A1 B1 B3 C2 D1 D3 D2 C1 C3

4 3 reuse mode: one group includes 3 sectors /site ,12 frequency which are distributed to 4 sites. Every site owns 3 frequency.
39

MSC Coimbatore

Frequency Reuse
B3 C1 C3 A1 A3 B2 C1 A2 B1 B3 A2 A1 A3 C2 A1 A3 B2 C1 C3 B2 C1 B3 A2 B1 B3 A2 A1 A1 A3 C2 A1 A3 B2 C1 C3

3 3 reuse mode: one group includes 3 sectors /site ,9 frequency which are distributed to 3 sites. Every site owns 3 frequency.
40

MSC Coimbatore

Potrebbero piacerti anche