Composite video signal (cvs)

Composite video signal

CVS consists of Camera signal: corresponding to picture or scene to be transmitted. Blanking pulses: to make the horizontal and vertical retrace invisible. Synchronizing pulses: to synchronize the transmitter and receiver scanning system Information about colour signal and some sample of colour sub-carrier frequency also be send if we are using colour TV transmission

Video signal dimensions

Video signal amplitude is separated into 2 sections: Camera signal: occupies 75% Sync. Pulses: occupies 25% The level of video signal obtained for maximum white light is called as peak white level. This level exist between 10 to 12.5%

Video signal dimensions

Black level: which is at 73% corresponds to dark picture. The blanking pulses are added at 75% level and called as blanking level. Black level and blanking level is closed to each other practically they merge with each other. The difference between black level and blanking level is called pedestal height

Video signal dimensions

Useful video signal information lies between 10% to 75% level. Since the modulation used is ve modulation, if the picture is dark then the amplitude of video signal is high. The region between 0% to 10% is called as whiter than white region. The signals in those region create more bright spots on the screen and it will create disturbance to eye of the viewer. To reduce noise effect, usually the whiter than white regions are not used

DC component
The average background brightness of the scene is represented by the DC level. Since the DC level for different lines are at different level, background brightness are different depending on the scene to be transmitted. The distance between DC level and blanking level is called as pedestal height. It is used as a measure of average brightness of the scene. It is not possible to follow the changes that takes place in background brightness if the DC levels are not properly maintained

DC insertion
The video control operator, who observe the scene to be telecast directly at the studio knows the background brightness and it is his responsibility to properly set (insert) the DC level with the video signal. This process is called as DC insertion.

Blanking pulses
To make the retrace invisible, blanking pulses are added at 75% level. Since this is above black level, no picture is seen on the screen. Synchronization pulses are also added in this blanking region to achieve the synchronization It is not possible to use blanking pulses as synchronization pulse coz some time extreme black signal may rise above the blacking level. If this happens then it may false trigger the synchronization oscillator

Video signal to sync. Pulse ratio

The picture signal amplitude to sync. Pulse amplitude ratio is 4:3. This has been found satisfactory due to the following reasons Let picture signal amplitude is increased and sync. Pulse amplitude is decreased: S/N ratio of Rx. Signal falls (ie., noise level increases) below a limit, then amplitude of sync pulse is not sufficient to keep the synchronization properly. However picture signal can able to produce acceptable picture

Video signal to sync. Pulse ratio

Let sync. Pulse amplitude is increased and picture signal amplitude is decreased: S/N ratio falls below the limit, then amplitude of sync. Pulse is sufficient to synchronize and lock the picture frame. But video signal amplitude is insufficient to produce a good acceptable picture on the screen