Categories of Tissues

Animal Tissues

Jenna Hellack Jan 2001

Categories of Tissues

Categories of Tissues
Epithelium Connective Muscle Nervous
Jenna Hellack Jan 2001

Categories of Tissues

Epithelium
Lines, covers, and protects other tissues and organs. Characterized by:
Cells tightly junked together The presence of a cell secretion called the basement membrane.

Named by:
Cell shape Other characteristics of the cells.

Squamous, Cuboidal, and Columnar

Jenna Hellack Jan 2001

Categories of Tissues

Functions
Protection - keratin on the skin, ciliated epithelium on respiratory tract

Absorption - intestines, squamous epithelium on the lungs Secretion - glandular epithelium, endocrine and exocrine
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Sensation - sensory nerves on the surface of organs Excretion - kidneys, sweat glands

Jenna Hellack Jan 2001

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Structural Division
Simple epithelium one cell layer thick Stratified epithelium two or more cell
layers thick

Pseudostratified epithelium one layer

thick with cells that look like striated but all are connected towards the basal lamina

Basement membrane basal lamina/ thin sheet of connective tissue under the epithelial cells
Jenna Hellack Jan 2001

Categories of Tissues

Squamous Epithelium
Cells very thin, much wider than they are thick.
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Air sacs of respiratory Lining of blood vessels, heart and lymphatic tubes

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Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Skin Vagina Esophagus Mouth

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Examples of Simple Squamous Epithelium

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Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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Cuboidal Epithelium
Cells cube shaped- secretion and absorption.
Kidney tubules Duct and small glands Surface of ovary

Jenna Hellack Jan 2001

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Jenna Hellack Jan 2001

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Columnar Epithelium
Elongated cells, much longer than they are wide.
Simple Columnar Epithelium
A single layer of cells that line the digestive tract, gallbladder and excretory ducts of some glands. Has microvilli at surface for absorption.

Jenna Hellack Jan 2001

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Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Lines the bronchi, trachea, uterine tubes and some of the uterus. Propels mucus or reproductive cells by ciliary action.

Jenna Hellack Jan 2001

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Simple Columnar epithelium

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Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

Jenna Hellack Jan 2001

Categories of Tissues

Connective Tissue
Characterized by the cells widely separated from each other in a matrix that is produced by the cells. Tissue protects and supports. Cell Matrix composed of two regions
Ground
Liquid (sol), Gel, Gum or solid

Fibers
Non-elastic (= white or Collagen) Elastic (= yellow fibers)
Jenna Hellack Jan 2001

Categories of Tissues

Types of Connective Tissue

Loose (Areolar) Connective Tissue Dense Connective Tissue Adipose Cartilage Bone Blood

Jenna Hellack Jan 2001

Categories of Tissues

Loose Connective Tissue (Areolar)

Gel like ground with both elastic and non-elastic fibers running though the ground in many directions.
Wraps and cushions organs Under the skin

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Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Nuclei and fibers arranged in parallel rows.
Tendons and ligaments Fibers mostly non-elastic

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Adipose (Fat)
Function as storage cells for adipose (lipids) Adipose cells contain a large vacuole which in the live cell contains lipids. Cell nucleus and cytoplasm are pushed out to edge of cell membrane.

Jenna Hellack Jan 2001

Categories of Tissues

Cartilage
Ground of matrix is gum like. Cells are found in Lacunae within the matrix. Fibers may be elastic or non-elastic, or a form of non-elastic called reticular(where the non-elastic fibers of very thin)
Hyaline Cartilage-example on the ends of bones Elastic Cartilage- example ear cartilage Non-elastic Cartilage- example nose cartilage.

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Hyaline cartilage

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Elastic Cartilage

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Bone

Categories of Tissues

Ground of matrix is Solid (Calcium carbonate + tricalcium phosphate). Has blood supply and nerves running through the Haversian canal systems.

Jenna Hellack Jan 2001

Categories of Tissues

Bone
living tissue parts of the bone: Lamella thin layer where mineral substances are deposited Periosteum outermost covering to which muscles and tendons are attached Haversian system space/network where blood vessels and nerves pass
Jenna Hellack Jan 2001

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Jenna Hellack Jan 2001

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Vascular Tissue (Blood)

Consists of blood plasma, and cell elements, blood corpuscles
does not contain fibre elements . has a bright red or scarlet colour when it flows from the arteries but a dark red or purple colour when it flows from the veins. It is slightly alkaline (pH 7.4).
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Categories of Tissues

Liquid matrix = plasma 90% water 10%Plasma proteins, electrolytes, hormones, oxygen, glucose etc. Formed elements Erythrocytes -48billion(female) to 54 billion (male) cell / ml of blood in humans. Mammals are enucleated while rest of the vertebrates they have nuclei Leukocytes -about 7.5 million / ml of blood Platelets -blood clotting
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Blood

Categories of Tissues

Jenna Hellack Jan 2001

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Skeletal Muscle (Striated, voluntary) Parallel elongated cells (fibers) multinucleated and each cell is the length of the muscle. Light meat, Dark meatSlow twitch, fast twitch muscle

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Muscle Tissue
Tissue with cells having fibers specialized for contraction. Composed of cytoplasm, sarcoplasm and sarcolemma with many myofibrils and mitochondria

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Smooth Muscle (Visceral, involuntary) Cells are long and tapered. Organized into sheets of muscle.

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Cardiac Muscle Intercalated disc branched

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Skeletal Muscle

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Smooth Muscle

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Cardiac Muscle

Categories of Tissues

Jenna Hellack Jan 2001

Categories of Tissues

Nervous Tissue
Cells specialized to polarize and depolarize. Cell is a neuron Receives and transmits stimuli in the form of nerve impulses to various effectors
Dendrite carry impulses towards the neuron Axon carry impulses away from the neuron towards other neurons
Jenna Hellack Jan 2001

Categories of Tissues

Jenna Hellack Jan 2001

Categories of Tissues

Jenna Hellack Jan 2001

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End of Tissue presentation

Jenna Hellack Jan 2001