GENERATION OF WIRELESS NETWORKS AT A GLANCE

HISTORY of MOBILE COMMUNICATION 1946 Appeared in St. Louis USA . . . 1970 BELL LABs introduced Cellular principle 1979 AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Services) system introduced in US 1980s TACS & NMT systems (Total access Commn. System & Nordic Mobile Technology) came into existence 1990s Digital Systems exploded

1st Generation Wireless Technology

Based on Analog technology Started in 1980 Circuit switched technology for voice and no data communication was possible Both Mobile set and Battery were larger in size

 Started in 1990-91. Low band Digital Technology GSM (Global system for Mobile Communication) comes under this technology Unable to give public Internet & video services due to speed limitations Speed 9.6 kbps & 14.4 kbps (not suitable for web browsing & Multimedia applications)

2nd Generation wireless Technology

2G
In the world now 248 million 2G users in 140 countries. 2G Uses TDMA & FDMA(Time/Frequency Division multiple access) It uses 25 Mhz bandwidth into 124 carrier frequency of 200 khz each Each frequency is then divided using a TDMA scheme into 8 time slots Present GSM system 2G operates on 900 Mhz & 1.8 Ghz bandwidth

2G
With CDMA, clear voice quality, less background noise, fewer dropped calls, enhanced security, greater reliability & greater N/W capacity were achieved. Then came 2G+ (wireless, packet based-data communication) at speeds as high as 384 kbps. Based on technologies - High speed circuit switched data (HSCSD), 1. GPRS 2. EDGE (GPRS) General Packet Radio service (GPRS), (2.5G), 115 kbps, IP backbone, access Internet, SMTP/POP mail,ftp,http EDGE comes under 2.75G ( also a packet data communication) it has enhanced HSCSD called ECSD and enhanced GPRS called EGPRS. Both GPRS & EDGE can provide internet & Video but still end users were not satisfied with this quality.

2G+
EDGE comes under 2.75G ( also a packet data communication) it has enhanced HSCSD called ECSD and enhanced GPRS called EGPRS. Both GPRS & EDGE can provide internet & Video but still end users were not satisfied with this quality.

What is CCT Swg & Pkt Swg

In circuit switching a message path is dedicated to an entire message during the process of message transmission from point A to point B But, in packet switching, messages are split into small units and transmitted to destination using different paths, while at the same time keeping track or maintaining orderliness of the units for proper and correct reassembling of the units to get the original message back. Packet switching is generally used in Internet data transmission where we send data without minding if the link is free or not.

GSM NETWORK
GSM network consists of 1. IP based PLMN(Public Land Mobile Network), 2. BSS(Base Station Sub system) 3. MSC (Mobile switching centre) 4. Mobile handsets BSS consists of BTS and BSC BTS(Base Transceiver Station) Receives and transmits voice and data to the mobile hand sets BSC (Base Station Controller) Routes the data calls to PLMN (IP- based Public Land Mobile Networks) & voice calls to MSC MSC (Mobile Switching Center) - Switches voice calls of caller to called party and data calls to destination. It contains VLR(Visitor Location Register) for storing the roaming

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
HLR VLR

BSC SIM ME BTS BSC BTS

EIR AUC

MSC

GMSC

PSTN ISDN

SIM -Subscriber Identification Module ME - Mobile Equipment. VLR BTS - Base Transceiver Station. Register. BSC - Base Station Controller Identity Register. MSC - Mobile services Switching Centre Centre.

GMSC - Gateway MSC - Visitor Location Register HLR - Home Location EIR AUC - Equipment -Authentication

LN L E O O L AD I T M I E N B
I S M I

H L R
1

VR L
1

MSN SD I

MN S R MN S R M S C
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T S LI I 1 M+A B S C
1

GS M C MN S R

PT SN
MSN SD I
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L A
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Mobile Station (MS)

MS = ME (Mobile Equipment) + SIM (Subscriber Identification Module) ME - Hardware to access the Network.
Consists IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) for monitoring.

SIM - Smart Card which plugs into ME.Contains the

Information about the subscriber.

VLR( Visitors Location Register)

Stores subscribers temporary database such as -Mobile Status ( Busy, Idle) - Present Location area of Mobile. - TMSI (Temporary Mobile Sub. Identity) - MSRN ( Mobile Station Roaming Number)
HLR ( Home Location Register )

Stores subscribers temporary database such as - Subscriber ID - Current VLR of the Subscriber. - Supplementary Services provided to sub. - MSRN ( Mobile Station Roaming Number)

EIR (Equipment Identity Register)

-Database for the IMEI. White list- Valid subscriber. Grey List- MS have problem such as software corrupt. Black List Reported Stolen.

AUC (Authentication center)

To check the authentication of the MS. Security ( Protects from Call Theft).
.

3rd Generation wireless Technology

Specifications provided by 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Program). 2G+ provides smooth path to 3G /UMTS(Universal Mobile Telecommunication system). Freq used is 1920 to 1980 in uplink and 2110 to 2170 in Downlink. Bandwidth - 5 Mhz. Uses both TDD (Time Division Duplex)and FDD (Freq. Div. Duplex). Supports Voice call, Video call, High speed internet access, MMS, Video streaming, etc. Low power consumed by the Handset comparing to GSM and CDMA Technology. Negligible interference.

 Commissioned 3G in 700 cities in India and In Tamilnadu 3G commissioned in 38cities So far commissioned in 42 BTS sites in Erode Urban only Proposed along Railway routes in ERD Area and work is in progress

 Speed of Data transfer is 144 kbps while on move (i.e. driving) & 384 kbps when you are walking & 2Mbps when you are stationary. The mobile set capable of handling 3G is called UE (i.e UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service) Equipments) Since 3G GSM (UMTS) uses WCDMA(Wide band CDMA) technology ,the mobile set should be capable of handling 3G service. The Mobile set have to pass through Node B, RNC, & Media Gateway to reach 3G server so that Voice, data & Video

 To get 3G Broad band service on PC or Laptop 3G Data Card is a must 3G provides following Services Voice & Data of High Quality - Able to down load fully a song / film Real time streaming videos/ Cricket, Football Matches/ Games/ new films as if in theatre Using Laptop / Mobile you can access Internet. Able to send Voice /Video mail

2G 64 KB SIM CAPACITY UP LINK FREQ 890 -915 & 1710 -1785 MHZ

3G 256KB 1920 -1980 MHZ

DOWN LINK

935 -960 & 2110 -2170 1805 - 1880 MHZ MHZ 1.25 MHZ FDMA & TDMA 5 MHZ WCDMA

SPECTRUM FREQUENCY MODUL..

4G (Fourth Generation wireless

4G is an IP packet-switched networks, mobile ultrabroadband (gigabit speed) access Accessing information anywhere, anytime, Receiving a large volume of information, data, pictures, video, and so on, The word MAGIC also refers to 4G wireless technology which stands for Mobile multimedia, Anywhere, Global mobility solutions over, Integrated wireless and Customized services.

Technology.

What would be the main features of 4G Technology? 1.The 4G technology will be able to support Video Conferencing (with more than 2 sites simultaneously), Wireless Internet, etc. 2.The bandwidth would be much wider (100 MHz) and data would be transferred at much higher rates. 3.The cost of the data transfer would be comparatively very less and global mobility would be possible. 4.The networks will be all IP networks based on IPv6. 5.The 4G technology Will allow data transfer up to 100Mbps outdoor and 1Gbps indoor

5G (Fifth Generation wireless Technology). 5G technology has changed the means to use cell phones within very high bandwidth. User never experienced ever before such a high value technology. Nowadays mobile users have much awareness of the cell phone (mobile) technology. The 5G technologies include all type of advanced features which makes 5G technology most powerful and in huge demand in near future. 5G technology including camera, MP3 recording, video player, large phone memory, dialing speed, audio player and much more you never imagine. For

BSNL AT A GLANCE
www.bsnl.co.in debsnl@gmail.com BSNL has Gross Fixed Assets of over Rs. 132243 Crores (US $ 25.96 billion) as on 31.03.2009 Growth Plan BSNL has a customer base of 81.49 million as on 31 st March,2009 from 28.11 million as on 31 st March,2001. BSNL further plans to increase its customer base to 160 Million by March, 2014.

 An IDEA cell user makes Birla Rich A DOCOMO User makes Japan Rich A VODAFONE user makes England wealthy. An UNINOR user makes Norway rich Reliance user makes AMBANI Happy An AIRTEL user makes MITTAL healthy

 BUT

A BSNL USER SUPPORTS THE GOVT OF INDIA IN THE PROCESS OF WHOLE NATION BUILDING PROGRAMME

 What is MNP all about? MNP is the facility that lets a mobile phone subscriber retain his/her original mobile number even after moving from one service provider to another. To use MNP facility, the subscriber will have to pay a nonrefundable fixed charge of Rs.19. After shifting to a new provider you need to stick with them for a minimum lock-in period of 90 days before shifting to another provider.

MNP (Mobile Number Portability)

 It sounds fair enough but can be a nightmare for you if your new operator is even worse than the previous one. So, one thing you must ensure Before moving your service providers, check all facts and pricing of services offered.

MNP

MNP
Obtain Unique Porting Code (UPC) by sending an SMS to 1900 in the format Port Space 10 digit mobile number (eg <PORT XXXXXXXXXX> and send it to 1900) UPC allocated to a subscriber shall be valid for a period of fifteen days from the date of request or such time till the number is ported out, whichever is earlier,. You have to visit the BSNL CSC (Customer Service Centre) / Authorised franchisee / retailer to request for porting of your mobile number. Fill in a CAF (Customer Application Form) and pay the porting fees(Rs.19) for processing. (Presently BSNL is not charging any fees for porting into BSNL) You will be issued a new BSNL SIM card. Upon approval of porting request, BSNL will inform you the date and time of porting (mostly during night). You are required to change your SIM card at the said time. In case of problem you need to contact the Toll free number 1800-180-1503 or 1503

Why MNP to BSNL Trusted Brand with Wide Coverage Transparent Billing Largest 3G Coverage with Video Calling High Speed Internet (3G & GPRS) Attractive Tariff Plans (Voice, Data & Video) Value Added Services BSNL Tunes, Hello TV, Video on Demand, Movies, Full track song download, Multiplayer games, Comics And many more .

MNP

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED

A GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ENTERPRISE

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