CHAPTER An Overview of Internet and Its Applications

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Chapter Objectives
Define the different architectures of the Internet Highlight some of the communication applications on the Internet

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Chapter Modules
Internet, Intranet and Extranet Messaging E-Commerce Voice Over IP and Internet Telephony

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Chapter Modules (Continued)

Virtual Private Network (VPN) WAN and Access Technologies Audio and Video Streaming Video Conferencing

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Web Research
Audio and Video streaming
www.calstatele.edu/ats/real www.microsoft.com

Extranet e-server in a box

Internet appliance

VPN
www.cisco.com www.lucent.com

Overcoming latency in TCP/IP

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MODULE

Internet Architectures

Architectures
Internet
The global

Intranet
An Internet restricted to the companys own perimeter

Extranet
Intranet extended to include outside organizations dealing with a particular organization
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Internet Defined
Internet Backbone run by major carriers Internet Service Provider (ISP) Company Network

SOHO User

Internet Individuals Service Provider N. Ganesan, All rights reserved. (ISP)

Intranet Defined
Departmental Computer System

Internet Internal Company Backbone

Fire Wall Departmental LAN

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Mini or Mainframe Computer systems

Extranet Defined
Other businesses dealing with company A. Business Associates

Internet

Companys Intranet

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

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END OF MODULE

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MODULE

Email and Messaging

Email
Messages exchanged among Internet subscribers Vary from a simple text based messages to one that carries different attachments
Word, PowerPoint documents Any computer file Video and audio clippings etc.
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Messaging
Email expanded to include a number of other functions and services Document sharing and collaboration Whiteboard applications Scheduling of group activities Etc.

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Collaboration and Sharing

User 1 Document for Sharing or Collaboration Sharing: Both users can see the document but only one can make changes Collaboration: Both users can see and also make changes to the document

Internet

User 2
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NetMeeting

Implementation Of Messaging
Client 1 Client 2 WWW Services

Internet service Provider Server Lotus Domino server, Microsoft ExchangeN.Server All rights reserved. Ganesan, Internet

Major Messaging Products

Microsoft Exchange Server
Outlook and Outlook Express Clients

Lotus Domino Server

cc:Mail Lotus Notes (Client)

Netscape ???

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END OF MODULE

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MODULE

E-Commerce

Web Research
e-server in a box
IBMs web site

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END OF MODULE

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MODULE

Voice Over IP and Internet Telephony

Voice Over IP and Internet Telephony Defined

The use of the internet to transmit voice in real-time
Transmission of digitized voice using the Internet Protocol

Internet Telephony is an example

Usage of the Internet to transmit telephone calls

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Internet Telephony Defined

Using the Internet (TCP/IP) for largely the telephone related applications
Termination of voice traffic

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Voice over IP Prospects and Challenges Voice transmission over the Internet has
been identified as one of the largest growth areas
Companies will in the future use the Internet extensively for voice communications

Current IP is not well suited for voice transmission

Latency being the biggest drawback

Bandwidth restrictions also hamper voice transmission IP is being improved to carry voice N. Ganesan, All rights reserved.

Internet Telephony
A growing market Further information
http://www.internettelephony.com/

Current Products (???)

Net meeting (Microsoft) ICQ Cooltalk (Netscape) etc.

Long-term focus is on regularly using the Internet as a viable alternative to the Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) H.323 is the prominent standard for Internet telephony N. Ganesan, All rights reserved.

Sample Telephony Applications Computer-to-Computer Calling Source: Vocaltech Computer-to-Phone Calling:

Requires ITSP service in addition to regular ISP service www.dialpad.com

Phone-to-phone
Using TCP/IP

Live Motion Video

Video Conferencing

Whiteboarding:
Share and edit photos, documents and drawings with others in real time.

Voice Mail:
Record compressed voice files and sending them N. Ganesan, All rights reserved. as attachments.

END OF MODULE

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MODULE

Virtual Private Networks (VPN)

VPN Defined
A private network that uses the public network infrastructure A secured web of tunnels that links various nodes to form the Virtual Private Network

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Virtual Private Network

Public

VPN

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VPN Implementation

Internet Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) Fire Wall Companys Intranet

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VPN Past and Present

Past
Based on PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)

Present
Based on next generation public network technologies
Source: VPNWorx, VPN Quick Reference Guide
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Base Technologies for VPN

Carrier IP PPTP Frame Relay ATM

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Areas of Applications
All major business organizations that require a secured Extranet

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END OF MODULE

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MODULE

WAN and Access Technologies

WAN Scope
Enterprise-wide Metropolitan and National Global Underlying network infrastructure for the Internet Fastest growing network
Growth is appreciable in the area of Virtual Private Network
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The Early Days of Communications and Computing

Telecommunication
Centered on analog technology

Data communication needs

Centered around digital technology

Digital to analog interface

For long distance communications

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Long-distance Communications
Modulation Interface Digital Analog Digital

Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)

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Initial WANs
Introduced to overcome the limitations of general purpose analog telephone lines used
Better conditioned lines such as leased lines were used

Driven by a collection of computers for routing the data traffic from source to destination Arpanet was the first WAN to be created X.25 was the initial communication technology used
X.21 was usedN. Ganesan, All rights reserved. in Europe

Basic Components of the WAN

Leased lines

Computers/ Routing algorithms

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Present Status of WANs

Information is carried in digitized form in many segments of the WAN Digital communication lines
Over copper wire Over fiber-optics

Telecommunications and computer communications are merging in terms of deploying digital technology
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WANs: Present and Future

Move towards digital technology Technologies
Frame Relay ATM

Point-to-point digital communication will become widely used in the future The WAN of the future will be designed to meet with the increasing bandwidth demands of the Internet
Internet2
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Internet2: The WAN of the Future

ATM operating at several hundred Mbps

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Possible Convergence Digital Technology

Networks
Local Enterprise Wide area Global
ATM

Point-to-point ATM connection is possible probably under a single technology

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ATM Promise
Internet Backbone Client 1 25 Mbps 300 Mbps 100 Mbps Server ISP Client 2 1 Gbps

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Challeng Posed by Gigabit Ethernet to ATM

Ethernet Evolution Client 1 Client 2 1 Gbps (Gigabit) 100 Mbps (Fast) 10 Mbps 1 Mbps (Past)

Hub 10 Mbps/ 100 Mbps/ 1 Gbps

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ISP Server

Wide Area Network Technologies

Seattle WAN Technologies: X.25 (old) FDDI Frame Relay ATM Florida New York

Los Angeles

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Front-end Access Technologies

ISDN xDSL Cable modem Direct satellite access

ADSL is an example of xDSL

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Access Speeds
Fastest speed of an analog modem is around 56K bps Newer technologies operate at faster speeds Newer technologies have made a significant contribution in increasing the speed of communication
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Digital Internet Technologies Summarized

FDDI Frame Relay ATM

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END OF MODULE

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MODULE
Audio and Video Streaming

Audio and Video Streaming

Deliver continuous audio and video streams over a low bandwidth connection Packet switching networks do no guarantee real-time and continuous delivery of data packets Streaming involves compression and decompression (CODEC)
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Application Areas
Dissemination of multimedia information on the web Training and education Etc.

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Streaming Examples

Windows Format ASF etc. Streaming Software Real Format RM, RMA, RT, RP etc.

Audio (wav) Video (AVI)

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Hosting of Streamed Media

Streaming Server (Real Server or Windows Media Server)

Internet

Streaming at 28.8, 56, 128 etc. Kbps

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Method of Delivery
Unicasting Multicasting Broadcasting

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Major Streaming Technologies

Real Microsoft Windows Media Technologies

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END OF MODULE

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MODULE
Video Conferencing

Video Conferencing
The exchanging of audio and video information while engaged in conferencing

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Major Types of Video Conferencing

Dedicated video conferencing
Telecommunication lines are used solely for the purpose of setting up a video conferencing facility

Desktop video conferencing

Video conferencing conducted from a computer connected to the Internet

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Video Conferencing Standard

H.232 Series of standards

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Sample Desktop Video Conferencing Products

CU-SeeMee Intel ProShare Microsoft NetMeeting PictureTel

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END OF MODULE

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Keywords
Intranet, Extranet, Internet VPN, PPTP Real Media and Windows Media Network appliance and Internet Appliance Sharing, Collaboration Messaging Server and Messaging Client
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Keywords
SMTP, POP3, IMAP VoIP, H.323, IPv6 X.25, ATM, Frame Relay, FDDI T1, T3, OC1, OC2 ISDN, xDSL, Cable Modem, Satellite Unicasting, Multicasting and Broadcasting
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Microcomputer-based Distributed Architecture

Bus LAN Mainframe/ Minicomputer Systems Fiber Optic Backbone (FDDI) External Digital/ Analog Lines

Modem Gateway Ring LAN

WAN Gateway (TCP/IP)

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END OF MODULE

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Microcomputers
Widespread usage
Serious business computer

Dramatic increase in power

Comparable to mainframes of the past

Declining cost
Affordable to use in all levels of business

Communication device
Access services and resources on the Internet N. Ganesan, All rights reserved.

Connectivity

Computers are increasingly being viewed as resources in a network and not simply as stand-alone units any more LANs, Departmental networks, Enterprise networks, WANs etc. are deployed widely in business
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Downsizing: Path of Evolution

More power to the user Centralized Mainframe Distributed Network

Thin-client concept

Client-Server Architecture

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Client-Server Computing Architecture

Centralized data
Control and management

Distributed processing
Processing using client-tools

Mainframe advantage Microcomputer flexibility

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Preview of Client-Server Computing

Back-end data storage and retrieval. Server

Clients

Front-end interface and data manipulation tools.

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A Preview of Thin-Client Concept

Powerful Server Extensive back-end data storage, retrieval and Processing

Thin Clients

Limited front-end processing and storage

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Digitization Of Telecom Network

Mode (ATM)

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Front-end Access Technologies

ISDN xDSL Cable modem Direct satellite access ADSL is an example of xDSL N. Ganesan, All rights reserved.

Access Speeds
Fastest speed of an analog modem is around 56K bps Newer technologies operate at faster speeds
In the Mbps region

Newer technologies have made a significant contribution in increasing the speed of communication
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Summary of Digital Technologies in Telecommunications

FDDI Frame Relay ATM

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END OF MODULE

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Internet Access
Software: Web Browser Serial Port Micro Modem Access provider ISP

Gain access to the resources on the WWW.

Internet

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General Access
Software: ProComm Plus, Hyper Terminal Serial Port Micro Modem Public Switched Network (PSN)

Gain access to a companys mainframe to run Unix applications

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Telecommuting
ProComm PLUS Satellite Office Main Office

PSN

Home ProComm PLUS

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Typical LAN
Client OS/ Windows 9x Client 1 Client 2 Client 3

Server: Network OS, Applications, Data etc.

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Windows NT server Operating System

EDI Defined

Vendor (Supplier)

Automate the Purchase/ Supply process

Retail (Purchaser)

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EDI Example
Invoice etc.

Vendor

Electronic procurement with minimum human intervention

Retailer

Purchase Order

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Distributed Data Processing

Data/server

Data/server

Data/server

Query

Oracle Distributed DBMS

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Transparency in the Search Process

Data/server

Data/server

Data/server

Query

Oracle Distributed DBMS

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END OF MODULE

END OF CHAPTER
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END OF MODULE

END OF CHAPTER
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