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Long Span Structures

How long is long-span for buildings? Spans of above 20m are usually difficult to achieve by ordinary RC structure Technical considerations of the size of the span significantly affect the aesthetic treatment of the building.

Long Span Structures


History of long span structures? Pre-industrial age the widest spans were achieved by masonry vaults or domes. Development of reinforced concrete (19th century) Resist tension as well as compression RCC reduced the section thicknesses than those in masonry Development of Ferro-cement eliminated much of the temporary formwork. Final dome/vault was a composite structure Compressive form-active structures are also produced in metal

Long Span Structures


Applications/Need for long span structures: Large amount of people gathering areas Arena/Stadium Churches Unobstructed spaces Factories Theaters Airports Large artifact museums

Long Span Structures


Materials for various forms of long span structures Reinforced concrete (in-situ, precast) Metals (different forms of steel, aluminum and their alloys) Timber and laminated timbers Composite - Metal/RC Fabric materials Fiber reinforced plastics

Long Span Structures


Forms of long span structures: Arched structures Dome structures Cable structures Truss structures Flat slabs Folded slabs Shell structures Pneumatic structures

Long Span Structures


One way to categorize long-span structures: Form active systems Vector active systems Section active systems Surface active systems

Long Span Structures


Form active systems Flexible, non-rigid, forces are effected by particular form Arch structures Cable structures Pneumatic structures

Long Span Structures


Vector active systems Short, solid, straight lineal members, forces are effected through multidirectional forces to tension or compressive elements Flat trusses Curved trusses Space frames

Long Span Structures


Section active systems
Rigid, solid, linear elements, forces are effected by mobilization of sectional forces Beam structures Frame structures Slab structures

Long Span Structures


Surface active systems
Flexible/ rigid planes, forces are effected by mobilization of sectional forces Plate structures Folded structures Shell structures

Long Span Structures

Long Span Structures

Long Span Structures

Long Span Structures

Long Span Structures

Long Span Structures

Long Span Structures

Long Span Structures


hy Steel Roofing? Excellent as a tensile structural member Good resistance against earthquakes and hurricanes Fire resistant and non-combustible Resistant to decay and heavy winds Provides better indoor air quality (than most materials) With proper treatment, resistant to moisture, rusting & corrosion. Durable and offers increased design flexibility Compatibility with other construction materials

Long Span Structures


Beam Types

Long Span Structures


North Light Trusses

Long Span Structures


Lattice Girders and Gutters

Long Span Structures


Height : 6m c/c distance of angle purlins: 1.8m Slope of the roof : 15 degree GI sheet roofing

Conventional tube lights used for artificial lighting, hanged from the lattice girders. Joinery of sheeting and purlins with J - hook

Long Span Structures


Fiber glass sheeting used at intervals in addition to north light for lighting the interiors.

Double lattice girders

GI sheet roofing

Long Span Structures


DETAILS OF BRACED COLUMNS
Rain water down take pipe 45 degree bracing system used for the stanchion. Joints welded.

Bracket supporting the aluminium gutter

Long Span Structures


Components of a Crane System & Gantry Girders Column or stanchion Brackets Gantry/crane girder Crane runway (rail) Crane bridge Trolley/cab

Long Span Structures


Components of a Crane System & Gantry Girders

Long Span Structures


Components of a Crane System & Gantry Girders

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