ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Presented By: Archana Gajalakshmi Chiranjeevi Gauri Gopinath

DEFINITION of OD:Organizational Development is a complex

educational strategy designed to increase organizational effectiveness and wealth through planned interventions by a consultant using theory and techniques of applied behavioral science.

-Dale S. Beach

DEFINITION(contd)
Organization Development is a planned

process of change in an organizations culture through the utilization of behavioral science technology research theory.

-Bruke

Meaning of OD
Definition = planned change of complex

organization. (needs + goals + objectives)org + individual needs Encourage individualsinvolvement. O D Val e : u

1. R e sp e ct fo r peopl e 2. Tru st a n d su p p o rt 3. Po w e r e q u a l za ti n i o 4. C o n fro n ta ti n o

Features of OD
Planned change, Comprehensive change, Emphasis upon work group, Long range, Participation of a change agent, Emphasis upon intervention and action research.

Characteristics of OD

1.System orientation
Integrated system model comprises of:Structural design Human Behavior Work flow.

2.Use of change agents

Mostly outsiders but huge power. Change agent appointed by managers to

initiate change. They work in association with in house change agent & mgmt. Different dept heads as change agent.

3.Problem solving
Change agents main task is problem solving.

4.Learning by experience
Experimental learning to learn new behavior.

Better results than conventional lectu

5.Humanistic values

Development possible : Open communication Interpersonal relation empowerment

6.Group process

7.Job level
Job aspects are considered to be changed

accommodating attitudes and expectation of new employees. Job attribute and satisfaction influences performance. Jobs to be redesigned to have more opportunities to satisfy the ego needs. Job design method are
Job enrichment Job enlargement

OD Objectives/Interventions
The planned activities client & consultants

participate during the course of an organization development program Attempt to improve the fit between the individual & organization between the organization & its environment. Emphasis more on collaboration, confrontation & participation

Sensitivity Training
. Training groups (T-groups)

that seek to change behavior through unstructured group interaction.

Provides increased

awareness of others and self. others, improves listening skills, greater openness, and increased tolerance for others.

Increases empathy with

Team building
Focuses ion the development of effective

mgmt teams. High interaction among team members to increase trust and openness.

Survey feedback
The use of questionnaires to identify discrepancies

among member perceptions; discussion follows and remedies are suggested.

Process Consultation
A outside consultant gives insight:to the client. Within the clients Between client & other people.

identifies processes that need improvement.

Organizational effectiveness
DEFINITION:

Organisational effectiveness can be defined as its capacity to survive, adapt, maintain itself and grow regardless of the particular function it fulfils

- Edger schein

Effectiveness and efficiency:

The two terms that are often

used closely are effectiveness and efficiency. Organizational effectiveness is the extent to which the goals have been attained while organizational efficiency refers to the input-output relationship.

THREE LEVELS OF EFFECTIVENESS:

1. individual effectiveness 2. group effectiveness and 3. organisational effectiveness

CAUSES OF EFFECTIVENESS:

FACTORS INFLUENCING ORGANISATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS:

Casual variables Intervening variables End-result variables

CASUAL VARIABLES:
Leadership strategies, skills and styles Managements decisions Organizational philosophy, objectives, policies

and structure technology

INTERVENING VARIABLES:
Commitment to objective, motivation and

morale of members Skills in leadership, communication, conflictresolution, decision-making, problem-solving etc.

END-RESULT VARIABLES:
Production Costs Sales Earnings Turnover etc.

References
Organizational Behavior

-M. Sivakumar A.R. Publications

Organizational Behavior

-Stephen Robbins