WR_005_E1

Call and Signaling Process

Interfaces and protocols

V0507

ZTE University 3G Course Team

ZTE University univ.zte.com.cn

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Course Objectives

Understand ATM basic knowledge Master Network interfaces Master signaling process

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Agenda:

ATM Basics Network Interfaces Software workflow

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ATM (1)
ATM-Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM transfers information in fixed-size units called cells. Each cell consists of 53 bytes. 5bytes cell-header 53 bytes 48 bytes payload (user information) ATM cell
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ATM (2)

Circuit Switch Fix connecting, synchronization time division multiplexing Good real time performance and weak flexibility

Packet Switch Virtual circuit connecting without fixed time slot Weak real time performance and good flexibility

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ATM protocol reference model

Management plane Control plane

User plane

Plane management

Layer m an agem ent

Higher layer protocol

Higher layer protocol

AAL adaptation layer ATM cell layer PHY physical layer

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ATM protocol reference model(1)

ATM protocol reference model consists of three planes: User plane responsible for user information transmission hierarchically. Control plane provides the call and connection control function and the signaling function is also involved, which is hierarchy too. Management plane provides two management functions: plane management and layer management. The plane management is responsible for management related to the entire system and performs the function of coordination among different planes. While the layer management is responsible for management of network resources and protocol parameters as well as processes the operation & maintenance information flow at each layer.

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ATM protocol reference model(2)

The ATM protocol reference model consists of four layers: Physical layer responsible for correct and effective cell transmission via the physical media

ATM layer responsible for cell switching, routing and multiplexing ATM adaptation layer the AAL layer is responsible for adaptation of higher-layer service information or signaling information to ATM cell flow

Higher layer equivalent to the application layer of each service or the higher layer of signaling.

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Comparison between VCC and VPC

The connection-oriented mode is adopted in ATM. ATM connection, that is, end-to-end transfer capability Virtual channel (VC) level -VCC Virtual path (VP) level-VPC
VCC

Virtual channel level

VC link

VC link VCIy VPC

VC link VCIz VCC end point

VCIx VCC end point

Virtual path level

VP link

VP link VPIy

VP link VPIz VPC end point

VPIx VPC end point

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VP & VC Switching

The VPI value has to be changed during VP switching While all VCI values contained in it remain unchanged. During VC switching, both the VPI and VCI values should be changed.
VC exchange
VCI 1 VCI 2 VP end point VPI 2 VCI 1 VCI 2 VCI 1 VCI 2 VPI 1 VPI 3 VCI 4 VCI 3 VCI 1 VCI 2 VCI 3 VCI 4

VPI 4

VPI 5

VP exchange

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ATM Adaptation layer

AAL between ATM layer and high-layer applications implements the service functions needed by the high layer (such as error checking processing and timing control), supports the adaptation between the high layer and ATM layer-mapping PDU of the high layer to the information segment of the ATM cell or vice versa.

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AAL classes
Traffic Parameter Timing between source and destination Bit rate Connection mode fixed Connection-orient AAL 1 Circuit simulation QoS1 AAL 2 AAL 3 AAL 5 Class A Class B Class C Class D

need various

Not need

Connectionless- orient AAL 4

AAL types Traffic sample QoS

Moving image Connection-orient connectionless data video and audio data transmitting transmitting QoS2 QoS3 QoS4

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AAL2

AAL2 suitable for VBR (variable bit rate) traffic, typically includes services characterized as voice or video. Traffic must be real-time transmitted for existing timing relationship destination. Allowing the same VCC multiplexing multiple connection procession. between signal source and signal

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AAL5

AAL5 Efficient Data traffic transmitting adaptation protocol Supplying the same traffic with AAL3/4 Can be used as signal AAL.

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Agenda

ATM Basics Network Interfaces Software workflow

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UTRAN Architecture

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Network Interfaces

Universal Model of the UTRAN Interface:

Control Plane Application Protocol User Plane Data Stream(s)

Radio Network Layer

Transport TransportNetwork User Plane Network Layer

Transport Network
Control Plane

Transport Network
User Plane

ALCAP(s) Signalling Bearer(s) Data Bearer(s)

Signalling Bearer(s)

Physical Layer

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Iu Interface

According to different connected entities, the Iu interface can be divided into three types: Iu-CS (Iu Circuit Switched) Iu-CS is the interface for connection with the circuit-switched (CS) CN. Iu-PS (Iu Packet Switched) Iu-PS is the interface for connection with the packet-switched (PS) CN. Iu-BC (Iu Broadcast) Iu-BC is the interface for connection with the broadcast domain of CN. Iu-BC supports the cell broadcast service and is used to connect UTRAN with the CNs broadcast domain.

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Iu Interface

UTRAN Node B RNC Node B

Core Network (CN) CS Domain Iu-CS PS Domain Iu-PS RNC BC Domain Iu-BC

Node B

Node B

Iu Interface
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Iu-CS Interface Stack Structure

Radio Network Layer Control Plane
RANAP

User Plane
Iu UP Protocol Layer Transport Network Control Plane Q.2630.1 Transport Network User Plane

Transport Network Layer

Transport Network User Plane

SCCP MTP3b SSCF-NNI SSCOP AAL5

Q.2150.1 MTP3b SSCF-NNI SSCOP AAL5

AAL2

ATM Physical Layer

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Iu-PS Interface Stack Structure

Radio Control Plane
RANAP

User Plane
Iu UP Protocol Layer

Network
Layer

Transport Network User Plane

Transport Network Control Plane

Transport Network User Plane

Transport
Network

SCCP M3UA MTP3-B SSCF-NNI IP SSCOP AAL5 SCTP GTP-U UDP IP AAL5

Layer

ATM Physical Layer

ATM Physical Layer

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Iur interface Functions

Iur interface has the following functions: Inter-RNC mobility management SRNC relocation, inter-RNC cell and UTRAN registration area update, inter-RNC paging, and protocol error report.

Dedicated channel data transmission used to transmit dedicated channel data between two RNCs. The specific functions of the transmission are: Common channel data transmission setup and release of the transmission connection needed in common channel data stream transmission of the Iur interface,

Global resource management transmission of inter-RNC cell measurement information,

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transmission of inter-RNC Node B timing information. ZTE University

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Iur Interface Stack Structure

Radio Network Layer Transport Network Layer
Control Plane RNSAP User Plane Iur Str Data eam(s)

Transport User

Network Plane

Transport Network Control Plane ALCAP Q.2630.1

Transport User

Network Plane

SCCP MTP3B SSCF-NNI SSCOP AAL5 M3UA SCTP IP

STC Q.2150.1 MTP3B NN SSCF-NNI SSCF I SSCOP AAL5 M3UA SCTP IP AAL2

ATM Physical Layer

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RNSAP, Radio Network Subsystem AP

RNSAP provides control signaling exchange over the Iur interface. responsible for bearer management signaling between two RNCs. SRNC utilized for setting up and controlling radio links using dedicated resources in DRNCs.

One signaling connection per DRNC. Transfers

Radio and mobility control signaling including measurement information needed for handovers, synchronizations and radio resource control between RNSs Relays Iub/Iur DCH, DSCH, RACH/CPCH and FACH transport channel data streams.

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Iub interface Functions

Management of the Iub interface transmission resources. Logic operation maintenance of Node B, including: the cell configuration management radio network performance measurement resource event management common transmission channel management radio resource management

Transmission of application-related operation & maintenance information. System information management. Common channel traffic management, dedicated management and shared channel management. Timing and synchronization management, including: node synchronization transmission channel synchronization between the RNC and Node B and node synchronization between Node Bs channel traffic

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Iub Interface Stack Structure

Radio Network ControlPlane Transport Network ControlPlane User Plane

Radio Networ Layer k

Node B Application Part (NBAP) ALCAP Q.2630.1

PCH FP

RACH FP

FACH FP

DSCH FP

USCH FP

CPCH FP

DCH FP

Transport Layer

Q.2150.2 SSCF-UNI SSCOP AAL Type 5 SSCF-UNI SSCOP AAL Type 5 ATM AAL Type 2

Physical Layer
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NBAP, Node-B Application Part

NBAP provides control signaling exchange over the Iub interface between base station and its controlling RNC. All Resources of a base station are controlled by its controlling RNC. Hence, all the physical resources of a Node-B appear as logical resources for RNC through Iub interface. Several signaling links over the Iub interface can be related to a dedicated NBAP.

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NBAP, Node-B Application Part

Common NBAP procedures are related to the whole cell: O&M actions (Cell configuration) Broadcast channels (Common signaling) Random access channels Setting up new dedicated link Handling of cell-wise measurements Error recovery

Dedicated NBAP procedures are related to one specific UE: Radio link management of dedicated and shared channels Softer combining (Combining the signals received from different sectors of the cell) Link measurements Downlink power control activities. Link fault recovery

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Uu Interface Stack Structure

G C N t D C Duplication avoidance D N C t U-plane information

G C C-plane signalling

UuS boundary

RRC

control

L3 Radio Bearers PDCP PDCP BMC L2/PDCP L2/ BMC

control

control

control contro

RLC

RLC

RLC

RLC RLC RLC RLC

RLC

L2/RLC

Logical Channels MAC L2/MAC Transport Channels PHY L1

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Uu Interface Stack Structure(1)

Physical Layer Protocol provides the MAC sublayer with transmission channel services. MAC Protocol (Media Access Control) provides the RLC sublayer with logic channel services. RLC Protocol (Radio Link Control) on the control plane, provides the RRC sublayer with signaling radio bearer services. on the user plane, provides service radio bearer services together with the PDCP sublayer. PDCP (Packet data convergence protocol) adapt different types of network layer protocols to the radio interface. only exists in the packet domain BMC (Broadcast main control) transfer broadcast and multicast information over the radio interface.

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Uu Interface Stack Structure(2)

RRC (Radio resource control) provide services for the non-access layer, for example, transmitting messages like call control, session management and mobility management at the control interface after encapsulating them. provides control and management the protocol at each lower layer. setup, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between UE and UTRAN setup, reconfiguration and release of radio bearer distribution, reconfiguration and release of radio resources used in the RRC connection RRC connections mobility function management routing for the higher-layer PDU request for QoS control UE measurement report and report control, outer loop power control, ciphering control, paging initial cell selection and reselection in the idle mode RRC message completeness protection.

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Appendix
Abbreviation SCCP MTP3B SSCF-NNI SSCF-UNI SSCOP Q.2630.1 Q.2150.1 M3UA SCTP GTP-U Full Name Signaling connection control protocol Broadband message transfer protocol Service specific coordination function for support of signaling at the network node interface Service specific coordination function for support of signaling at the user network interface Service specific connection oriented protocol AAL2 signaling control protocol AAL2 signaling transport converter at NNI MTP3 user adaptation protocol Stream control transmission protocol GPRS tunneling protocol user

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Agenda

ATM Basics Network Interfaces Software workflow

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Radio Network c-plane protocol

CN
RANAP RRC RNSAP

UE

RNC
NBAP Node B

RNC

NBAP Node B Application Part RANAP: Radio Access Network Application Part RNSAP: Radio Network Subsystem Application Part

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RRC: Radio Resource Control

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UTRAN Control Plane Protocol Stack

UE
CC SM

Node B

RNC

CN
CC SM

MM/GMM RRC RLC MAC L1 L1 NBAP Transport Layer NBAP RRC RLC MAC RANAP Transport Layer

MM/GMM RANAP Transport Layer

Transport Layer

Uu
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Iub

Iu
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UTRAN User Plane Protocol Stack

UE

Node B

RNC

CN

User data PDCP RLC MAC L1 L1 PDCP RLC MAC

Iu UP

Iu UP

Transport Layer

Transport Layer

FP FP Transport Layer Transport Layer

Uu
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Iub

Iu
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Basic Conception (1)

RRC (Radio Resource Control) provides information transfer service to the NAS (Non Access Stratum). responsible for controlling the configuration of UMTS radio interface Layers 1 and 2.

RRC Connection A point to point bi directional connection between the RRC (Radio Resource Control) entities on the UE (User Equipment) and UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network). The UE requires an RRC connection to access the services of the UMTS network.

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Basic Conception (2)

RAB -Radio Access Bearer identify the service the AS (Access Stratum) provides to the NAS (Non Access Stratum) for transfer of user data between the UE (User Equipment) and the CN (Core Network).

RB -Radio Bearer The service provided by the Layer 2 for the transfer of user data between UE (User Equipment) and UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network).

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Basic Conception (3)

RL (Radio Link) RL is a logical association between single UE (User Equipment) and a single UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) access point. Its physical realization comprises one or more radio bearer transmissions. It is possible for a UMTS mobile to have many radio links established, when this occurs the mobile is said to be in a soft handover.

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RRC setup
UE RRC Node B RNC RRC Allocate RNTSelect L1 and L2 parameters 2.Radio Link Setup Request NBAP NBAP Start RX NBAP 3.Radio Link Setup Response NBAP

1.CCCH: RRC Connection Request

ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer Setup DCH-FP 4.Downlink Synchronisation 5.Uplink Synchronisation DCH-FP DCH-FP

DCH-FP Start TX RRC RRC

6.CCCH: : RRC Connection Setup 7.DCCH: : RRC Connection Setup Complete

RRC RRC

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RAB setup
UE Node B SRNC
RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
ALCAP setup

CN

RL CONFIG PRE RL CONFIG READY ALCAP setup, synchronization RL CONFIG COMMIT RRC RB SETUP RRC RB SETUP COMPLETE RAB ASSIGNMENT RESPONSE

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Call Setup Flow

UE Node B
Paging (RRC) RRC connection setup request RRC connection setup

RNC
Paging (RANAP)

CN

NAS message interaction (service request)

RL setup request RL setup response RB setup RB setup completion RAB assignment response RAB assignment request

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Call Setup Flow 1

The flow is as follows: The CN initiates a paging message to the RNC according to information like the location of the called UE. The RNC judges the paging message from the CN and then sends a paging message to the corresponding UE. If no RRC connection is available before the service starts, the UE will send a RRC connection setup request message (RRC Connection Request) to the RNC to request setup of a RRC connection. The RNC determines to set up a RRC connection according to the setup reason and the system resource occupation. After allocating RNTI and resources related to L1 and L2, it sends a RRC connection setup message (RRC Connection Setup) to the UE. After signaling connection setup, the higher layer of the UE (NAS) sends a service request message to the CN through a directly transmitted message. The CN sends a RAB assignment message (RAB Assignment Request) to the RNC.

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Call Setup Flow 2

According to the parameters carried in the RAB assignment message sent from the CN, the RNC sends a radio link setup message (Radio Link Setup Request) to an appropriate Node B. After allocating the corresponding resources, the corresponding Node B sends a radio link setup response (Radio Link Setup Response) to the RNC to notify the RNC of the information that the radio link setup has been finished. The RNC sends a radio bearer setup message (Radio Bearer Setup) to the UE. After executing RB setup, the UE sends a radio bearer setup completion message (Radio Bearer Setup Complete) to the RNC. After receiving the RB setup completion message, the RNC sends a RAB assignment response message (RAB Assignment Response) to the CN to end the RAB setup flow. Up to now, the entire call process is finished. Note: No paging process is involved for call setup requests actively initiated by UEs. In such cases, the call process will directly start from Step 3.

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Soft Handover Flow

UE NodeB DRNS) Measurement report NodeB (SRNS) DRNC SRNC

RL setup request RL setup response

RL creation request RL setup response

Active set update command Active set update completion

RL release request RL release completion

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Hard Handover Flow

UE Target Node B Original NodeB SRNC

Measurement report RL setup request RL setup response Reconfiguration command Reconfiguration completion RL deletion request RL deletion response

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Call setup flow (1)

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Call setup flow (2)

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Call setup flow (3)

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Call setup flow (4)

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Call setup flow (5)

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Call setup flow (6)

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Thanks for your Attention!

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