1.WCDMA Basic Principle Introduction

Content
General Introduction of WCDMA WCDMA Key Techs HSDPA Introduction HSUPA Introduction HSPA+ Introduction
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Mobile Communication Development
1G 1980s Analog
AMPS TACS NMT Others
2G 1990s Digital
GSM
Technologies drive
3G IMT-2000
CDMA IS-95 TDMA IS-136 PDC
UMTS WCDMA
Demands drive
CDMA 2000 TDSCDMA
3G provides compositive services for both operators and subscribers

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights
WCDMA Standard Evolution
DL/UL: 384k/384k 3GPP Rel99
DL/UL: 384k/384k 3GPP Rel4
DL/UL: 14.4M/384k 3GPP Rel5
DL/UL: 14.4M/5.76M
DL/UL: 42M/11M
DL/UL: 80M/11M
3GPP Rel8
3GPP Rel7 3GPP Rel6
1999
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
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WCDMA Network Architecture
UE
Uu
UTRAN
Iu
CN
RNC
Iub NodeB
b Iu
Iu-CS
CS
Iur
NodeB
Iub
NodeB
RNC
Iu-PS
PS
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Multi-service Blended
Information Service Internet
E-Mail WWW FTP Electronic business
3G
VOD VP TV & Radio Media Service
Telecom Service
Voice Mobility and Ramble Message
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Service classified
Service classified by QoS
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Content
General Introduction of WCDMA WCDMA Key Techs
Physical layer Coding and Multiplexing Spreading Modulation
HSDPA Introduction HSUPA Introduction HSPA+ Introduction
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CDMA Explanation
FDMA
TDMA
power
cy en qu fre
power
y nc ue q
tim
CDMA
tim e
fre
power
time
n freque
cy
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Page 8
WCDMA RAN Architecture
Core Network Iu RNS RNC Iub Node B Iub Node B Iur RNS RNC Iub Node B Iub Node B Iu
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Air Interface Protocol Structure
Control / Measurements
Layer 3
Radio Resource Control (RRC)
Logical channels Medium (MAC) Access Control Transport channels
Layer 2
Layer 1
Physical layer
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Uu Air Interface Protocol

GC Nt DC
Duplication avoidance GC C-plane signaling Nt DC UuS boundary U-plane information
RRC
control
L3 Radio Bearers
control
control
control
control
PDCP PDCP BMC
L2/PDCP L2/BMC
RLC
RLC RLC RLC
RLC RLC RLC
RLC
L2/RLC
Logical Channels MAC L2/MAC Transport Channels L1
PHY
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Data Processing at Physical Layer
Data from MAC Layer TB
Channel coding and multiplexing Spreading and modulation

Implementation of Physical Layer
De-multiplexing & decoding Mapping to MAC layer
MAC Coding & multiplexing Layer Layer Mapping to physical layer 2 Transport
channel
Physical channel
Physical channel structure
De-spreading &demodulation
Spreading and Modulation
OVSF, scrambling, modulation
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WCDMA Communication Model
Source coding
Channel coding & Interleaving interleaving
spreading
Scrambling Modulation Transmitting
Radio channel
Source decoding
Deinterleaving deinterleaving Despreading Descrambling Demodulation Receiving &channel decoding
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Sketch of WCDMA Physical Links

In f o r m a t io n CRC T a il b it
c
C o n v o lu t io n c o d in g P ilo t TPC TFCI I n t e r le a v in g MUX
DPDCH
*j
S
I+ jQ
sc ra m b
...
DPCCH
...
cos t
10
p ( t)
10
PA
sin t
p ( t)
TP C co m m a n d
D e la y 1 s lo t
dem od u la t io n
m a tch filte r
RAKE c o m b in i n g
V it e rb i d e c o d in g
F ra m e e rro r d e te c tio n LPF ta rg e t S IR
S IR m e a s u re m e n t d e c is io n
ta rg e t FER d e c is io n
in n e r lo o p p o w e r c o n tro l
TPC com m and
O u t e r lo o p p o w e r c o n tro l
d e la y
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Mapping between Transport Channel and Physical Channel

Transport Channels DCH RACH CPCH BCH FACH PCH Synchronisation Channel (SCH) DSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) Acquisition Indicat Access Preamble Acqu Paging Indicat or Channel (AICH) isition Indicator Channel (AP -AICH) Physical Channels Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH) Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) -CCPCH) -CCPCH) Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S
or Channel (PICH)
CPCH Status Indicator Channel (CSICH) Collision -Detection /Channel -Assig nment Indicator Channel (CD /CA -ICH ) -ICH Channel -Assignment Indication Channel (CA
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Content
HSDPA Introduction HSUPA Introduction HSPA+ Introduction MBMS Introduction

Sketch of Coding and Multiplexing

Objective Data stream
from MAC and higher layers (TB/TBS) is encoded and multiplexed to offer transport services over the radio transmission link.
Data stream from MAC
Content channel coding scheme is a combination of error detection, error correcting,rate matching,interleaving and transport channels mapping onto/splitting HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. from physical channel
Coding and multiplexing, mapping transport channel to physical channel
Data stream at physical channel

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Steps of Coding and Multiplexing
CRC addition Transport block concatenation and
code block segmentation

Forward error coding DTX insertion Interleaving Radio frame segmentation Multiplexing of transport
Steps of coding and multiplexing
channel(TrCH)
Physical channel segmentation Mapping to physical channels
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Coding for Downlink 12.2kb/s AMR Speech
T ransport block
C Cattachm R ent T bit attachm ail ent
T h#1 rC
81 C C R 81 12 T ail
T h#2 rC
103
T h#3 rC
60
103 T ail 103 8
60 T ail 60 8
C onvolutional coding R 1/3, 1/2 = R m ate atching
93
303
333
136
1st interleaving
303+N
R 1 M
333 + N
R 2 M
136 +N
R 3 M
R adio fram e segm entation
303 + N
R 1 M
333 +N
R 2 M
136 + N
R 3 M
#1a
NRF1
#1b
NRF1
#2a
NRF2
#2b
NRF2
#3a
NRF3
#3b
NRF3
NRF1 = (303 + N NRF2 = (333+ N NRF3 = (136+ N
R 1 M R 2 M R 3 M
)/2 )/2 )/2
T T hM o rC ultiplexing
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Content

Spreading Technology
Spreading consists of 2 operations
Channelization operation which transforms data symbols into chips. Thus increasing the bandwidth of the signal,.The number of chips per data symbol is called the Spreading Factor SF .The operation is done by multiplying with OVSF code. Scrambling operation which is done for spreadin signal .
Data bit
Chips after spreading
OVSF code
Scrambling code
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Spreading code: OVSF Walsh

OVSF: Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor, generated by
Walsh matrix
Cch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1) Cch,2,0 = (1,1) Cch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1) Cch,1,0 = (1) Cch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1) Cch,2,1 = (1,-1) Cch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)
SF = 1 SF = 2
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SF = 4
Purpose of OVSF
Downlink SF of typical service

Typical service AMR VP 144kbps 384kbps HSDPA Data rate Downlink SF 128 32 16 8 16
12.2, kbps 64kbps 144kbps 384kbps 14.4mbps for one cell
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UL DPCCH/DPDCH Spreading
cd,1 DDH PC
1
cd,3 DDH PC
3
cd,5 DDH PC
5
Slong,n o S r I+ jQ cd,2 d
so h rt,n
DDH PC
cd,4 DDH PC
4
cd,6 DDH PC
6
cc DCH PC
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PRACH Spreading
message part is shown in the following figure the value of
gain factors is the the same with DPDCH/DPCCH
cd PRACH message data part PRACH message control part cc
d I Sr-msg,n I+jQ
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PCPCH Spreading
message part is shown in the following figure the
value of gain factors is the also the same with DPDCH/DPCCH
cd PCPCH message data part PCPCH message control part cc
d I I+jQ Q Sc-m sg,n
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Downlink Spreading
Downlink physical channel except SCH is first serial-toparallel converted , spread by the spreading code, and then scrambled by a complex-valued scrambling code. The beginning chip of the scrambling code is aligned with the frame boundary of P-CCPCH. Each channel have different gain factor
I Data of physical channel except SCH
S P
Sdl,n I+jQ S
Cch,SF,m Q
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Downlink Spreading
Different physical channel come from point S
G1
G2
P-SCH GP S-SCH GS
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Scrambling code: GOLD sequence
For uplink, scrambling code is used to separate different connection
Uplink: 224 long scrambles and 224 short scrambles

For downlink, scrambling code is used to separate different cell
Downlink: 262143 (2 18 1) scrambles, but only 8192 scrambles( from 0 to 8191) are adopted at present
The length of scrambling code is 38400 chips
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PSC and SSC

PSC 0 SSC 1
Set 0 DL scramble Set 1 Set 511
SSC 15
PSC 51116 SSC 51116 1 SSC 51116 15
1 PSC and 15 SSCs in each set
8192 scrambles
512 sets
Only primary scrambles are adopted at present

Downlink Scrambling code
218-1 =262143 scrambling codes totally only 08191 scrambling codes are
used
17 16 15
14 13
12 11 10
I Q
17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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Uplink Long Scrambling code

224 long scrambling code totally The scrambling code sequence number n can set the initial phase of the
first shift register ,thus decide the scrambling code sequence.
clong,1,n
MSB LSB
clong,2,n
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Content

WCDMA Modulation
Functions of modulation
Different modulation methods corresponding to different transmitting abilities in air interface R99/R4: adopt QPSK DL max data rate is 2.7Mbps HSDPA: adopt 16QAM DL max data rate is 14.4Mbps
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Uplink Modulation
3.84Mbps
cos(t) Pulse shaping Pulse shaping -sin(t)
Com plex valued sequence after spreading
Split real & im ag parts
Re{S}
Im {S}
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Downlink Modulation
The chip rate is 3.84Mbps
cos(t) Com plex valued sequence after spreading Split real & im ag parts Re{S} Pulse shaping Pulse shaping -sin(t)
Im {S}
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RAKE Receiver
1st path
2nd path Front receiver 3rd path
Signal composer
Composed signal
delay evaluator
Compute timedelay and phase deflexion
s(t)
s(t)
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WCDMA Fast Power Control

Without power control With power control
The rate of power control can be up to1500 times per second, which is
faster than that of fading, thus, it can overcome shadow fading and fast fading effectively
Decrease interference of system, and increase system capacity and quality Save power, and expand conversational time
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WCDMA Handover Hard Handover

Data UE received/ sent
GAP of communication
Source BS UE move
Target BS
time
Features
Disconnect the link of source cell first, and then establish a new link with target cell GAP of communication Non-CDMA system can only perform hard handover
WCDMA Handover Soft handover

Data UE received/ sent
N o GAP of communication
Source BS UE move
Features
Target BS
time
Peculiar in CDMA system, only happens among cells with the same frequency Establish a radio link with target cell first, and then disconnect that with source cell, thus, it can avoid communication gap Soft handover occupies more system resource than hard handover
If two cells which are performing soft handover belong to the same NodeB, maximum
ratio combining can be performed in uplink, it is called softer handover

WCDMA Transmit and Receive Technology

Diversity technology overcome signal
fading
b0 b1 b2 b 3 b0 b1 b2 b3
Antenna 1
Space diversity: the horizontal distance of two diversity antennas is greater than 10 wavelength Polarization diversity: the polarization direction of two receiving antennas is orthogonal
Transmitting diversity: provide diversities
Channel bits
-b2 b3 b0 -b1 Antenna 2
STTD encoded channel bits for antenna 1 and antenna 2.
for terminals
Receiving diversity: RAKE receiver
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HSDAP Improve Downlink Data Rate Greatly

Compare between GPRS, CDMA2000 and WCDMA 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0
G PRS ED E G CD A2K 1x 1x EV- D R99/ R4 M O H PA SD
Kbps
120%
Peak D a Rat e( Kbps) at Aver age Rat e( Kbps) Fr enquency Cost per Bi t Equi pm ent Cost per Bi t
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0%
HSDPA helps WCDMA operators consolidate advantage in the competition

HSDPA Key Techniques - Overview
MAC-hs 3 New Physical Channels
HARQ Hybrid ARQ
Fast Scheduling
SF16, 2ms and CDM/TDM
16QAM
AMC
HSDPA Peak Rate= (3.84/16)*4*15=14.4Mbps

HSDPA Key Techniques New Architecture
MAC-hs layer on NodeB for fast scheduling
DownLink
High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel Data Share Channel: Peak Rate 14.4Mbit/s QPSK and 16 QAM SF=16 High Speed Shared Control Channel SF=128 Convey some control information
UpLink
High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel SF=256 Convey ACK/NACK and CQI information
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HSDPA Architecture-Protocol Stacks

R5 HSDPA R99/R4
RLC RLC
MAC-d
MACc/sh MAC MAChs PHY PHY (3 new (3 new

CHs) CHs)
HSDSCH DSCH FP FP L2
HSDSCH DSCH FP FP L2 Iub L1
HSDSCH DSCH FP FP L2 L1
HSDSCH DSCH FP FP L2 L1
PHY
Uu
L1
Iur
UE
Node-B
CRNC
Additional MAC-hs layer on Node-B (H-ARQ, AMC and Scheduling etc)
SRNC
Iub, Iur: HS-DSCH FP (Downlink Data)
Uu: New additional 3 Physical layer Channels, i.e.,HS-PDSCH (Downlink Data), HS-SCCH (Downlink Control Signalling), HS-DPCCH (Uplink Control Signalling)
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HSDPA Key Techniques - AMC

AMC may improve air interface bandwidth, and fit for high speed radio transmission. High data rate
AMC (Adaptive Modulation & Coding) based on Channel AMC (Adaptive Modulation & Coding) based on Channel
Quality Feedback Quality Feedback
Adjust data rate to compensate channel conditions Adjust data rate to compensate channel conditions Good channel condition Higher rate Good channel condition Higher rate Bad channel condition Lower rate Bad channel condition Lower rate
Low data rate

Adjust the modulation scheme to compensate channel Adjust the modulation scheme to compensate channel conditions conditions Good channel condition 16QAM Good channel condition 16QAM Bad channel condition QPSK Bad channel condition QPSK
Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) Channel Quality Indicator (CQI)
UE measures the channel quality (SNR) reports UE measures the channel quality (SNR) reports (every 2ms or more cycle) to NodeB (every 2ms or more cycle) to NodeB NodeB choose modulation and block size, NodeB choose modulation and block size, data rate primarily based on CQI data rate primarily based on CQI
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HSDPA Key Techniques - HARQ

HARQ may decrease the time of re-transmission, improve the cell throughput.
Conventional ARQ Received Transmitted blocks are decoded Checked for CRC errors on decoded blocks If errors discard the error bolcks Request the trasmitter for retransmission Hybrid ARQ Received Transmitted blocks are decoded Checked for CRC errors on decoded blocks If errors Store the erroneous block without discarding Request the trasmitter for retransmission Combine the received re-trasmission with previously received trasnmisison
HARQ with Soft Combining

Node-B
Transmitter
Packet 1
Packet 1
Packet 2
UE
Receiver
Packet 1?
Packet 1 + Packet 1?
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HSDPA Key Techniques - Fast scheduling
Who is the next Who is the next lucky Data? lucky Data?
Scheduler based on
Scheduling Algorithms
CDM, TDM Channel condition Amount of data waiting in the queue (delay) Fairness (satisfied users)
RR (Round Robin) MAXC/I (Maximum C/I) PF (Proportional Fair)
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HSDPA Key Techniques CDM and TDM

SF=1 SF=2 SF=4 SF=8 SF=16
SF16
Channelization codes allocated for HS-DSCH transmission 8 codes (example)
Rel 5 (HS-PDSCH, HS-SCCH, HS-DPCCH) 2 ms sub-frames (2560 chips/slot, 3Slots) Earlier releases
10 ms 20 ms 40 ms 80 ms
2ms
TTI
Shared CDM/TDM channelization codes

User #1 User #2 User #3 User #4
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HSDPA Key Techniques 16QAM

HSDPA Modulation
QPSK 16QAM
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HSDPA Architecture-HSDPA Basic Flow
4) Check HS-DSCH parameter, If Ok, Receive, Store data and demodulate
2) Schedule and determine HS-DSCH parameter
1) CQI on HS-DPCCH 3) Send HS-DSCH Parameter on HSSCCH and Data on HS-DSCH Data Packet 5) ACK/NACK on HS-DPCCH 6)Data packet+retransmit(if need) On HSDSCH
UE
Node B
RNC
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UE HSDPA Capability
HS-DSCH Category Max number of HS-PDSCH codes (SF16) received Minimum inter TTI interval Modulation Max peak rate
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5 Category 6 Category 7 Category 8 Category 9 Category 10 Category 11 Category 12
5 5 5 5 5 5 10 10 15 15 5 5
3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
QPSK & 16-QAM QPSK & 16-QAM QPSK & 16-QAM QPSK & 16-QAM QPSK & 16-QAM QPSK & 16-QAM QPSK & 16-QAM QPSK & 16-QAM QPSK & 16-QAM QPSK & 16-QAM QPSK QPSK
1.2Mbps 1.2Mbps 1.8Mbps 1.8Mbps 3.6Mbps 3.6Mbps 7.3Mbps 7.3Mbps 10.2Mbps 14.4Mbps 900Kbps 1.8Mbps
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HSDPA power allocation proposal
HSDPA initial network One carrier ---- R4+HSDPA

Total Power
Power for HSDPA
HS SCCH fixed power allocation HS-PDSCH dynamic power allocation
Power for DPCH Power for CCH Flexible scheme

Time
HSDPA middle and final network Two carrier ---- R4+HSDPA
DPCH/HSDPA/CCH dynamic power allocation DPCHs high priority Keep a margin for system stability
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HSDPA code allocation proposal

SF=4
HSDPA initial network
SF=8
SF=16
Static code allocation and manual re-allocation on OM Follow a terminal capability

CCH
DPCH
HSDPA
HSDPA middle and final network:
Completely dynamic code allocation
Code reservatio n example
SF=256 SF=128 C(256,0): PCPICH 0 SF=64 C(256,1): PCCPCH 0 C(256,2): AICH 1 SF=32 C(256,3): PICH 0 SF=16 C(64,1):SCCPCH 1 0 C(64,2):SCCPCH 2 1 SF=8 C(128,6):HS-SCCH 1 0 3 SF=4 1 0 C(128,7):HS-SCCH 2 1 1 2 6 SF=16 C(16,14):HS-PDSCH 2 3 7 C(16,15):HS-PDSCH 1 CCH HSDPA DCH
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HSDPA scheduling strategy

HSDPA initial network proposal
Round Robin scheduling

Try to satisfy each subscribers QOS based on the fairness principle. Be fit for the scenario without the consideration of subscribers priority
HSDPA network on one carrier or the charging based
on volume, proposal
Max C/I scheduling

Aim at the obtaining the maximal throughput and
some fairness.
The operator with difference service on HSDPA
RR principle
network proposal:
Proportional fair (PF ) scheduling

The PF scheme offers a good trade-off between RR and maximum C/I. The PF schedules users according to the ratio between their CQI, data rate and other.
MAX C/I scheduling principle
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HSUPA Key Techniques - Overview

E-DPDCH
Uplink
MAC-D
RNC
E-DPCCH
MAC-es MAC-e
PHY HARQ Hybrid ARQ
Downlink
E-AGCH E-RGCH E-HICH
Node B
New Channels
New MAC entity
E-DPDCH E-DPDCH E-DPDCH E-DPDCH E-DPCCH

Multi Code
2ms
2m s
2ms
2ms
2ms
Fast Scheduling
Shorter TTI 2ms
Increase of data rate

Decrease of delay
Increase of data rate

E-DPDCH
Uplink
E-DPCCH
Downlink

Multi Code
New channels
New Channels Dedicated Channel: E-DCH Common Channel: E-AGCH, E-RGCH, E-HICH Multi Code 2SF4, 2SF2, 2SF2+2SF4
HSUPA Peak Data Rate: 5.76M

Decrease of delay
MAC-D
RNC Node B
MAC-es MAC-e
PHY Fast Scheduling HARQ Hybrid ARQ
New MAC entity MAC-e in NodeB, MAC-es in RNC Fast Scheduling HARQ Short TTI 2ms
20%~50% Delay decrease

Fast Scheduling
Iub
2m s 2m
MAC-e Entity:
2m s s
RNC
MACMACNodeB e e inside inside
Allocate and schedule radio resources Process UE resources request MAC-e PDU De-Multiplex HARQ
MAC-e in NodeB
Benefit:
Fast 10ms TTI --> 2ms TTI Schedule

Scheduling Algorithm
load load
Decrease the air interface interference Decrease system load jitter, improve UL capacity Decrease the roundtrip time between RAN and UE
100%
100% 75%
50%
Improving load +25%
50%
Capacity increased
HSUPA load time
Capacity Interference
R99 load in uplinktime
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co.,
Ltd.
HUAWEI Confidential
New Channel Type and Multi-code

Uplink E-DPDCH E-DPCCH
Downlin k

Multi Code: 2*SF4, 2*SF2,
New channels
2*SF2+2*SF4
New channel:
Uplink:
E-DPDCH: Dedicated channel , transfer user data E-DPCCH: Dedicated channel, transfer physical layer controlling information
Downlink:
E-AGCH: Common channel, transfer information of Absolute granted power E-RGCH: Dedicated channel, transfer information of Relative granted power E-HICH: Dedicated channel, transfer ACK/NACK information
Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential
HSUPA peak rate: 3.84M * (2*SF2+2*SF4) = 3.84M*1.5 = 5.76Mbps

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co.,
HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat & ReQuest

Traditional ARQ: Traditional ARQ:
Decode the received transfer-block Decode the received transfer-block Check CRC of the block after decode Check CRC of the block after decode If error: If error: Discard the error block Discard the error block Request re-transfer Request re-transfer
Hybrid ARQ: Hybrid ARQ:

Decode the received transfer-block Decode the received transfer-block Check the CRC of the block after decode Check the CRC of the block after decode If error: If error: Save the error block (no discard Save the error block (no discard Request for re-transfer Request for re-transfer Soft-combine the new block and old one Soft-combine the new block and old one
Block1
UE Transmitter
Block1
Block2
Case:
Hu-w-i
Block1 NACK Block1 ACK
NodeB Receiver
H-a-ei
Soft combining
Huawe i
+
Block1
HARQ: More useful information Higher efficiency

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential
End to end delay comparison

Round trip time of 32-Byte packet
HSDPA+HSUPA (DL 2ms TTI + UL 2ms TTI)
~80 ms
HSDPA+UL R99 (DL 2ms TTI + UL 20ms TTI)
R99 (DL 20ms TTI + UL 20ms TTI)
~100 ms
20
40 I nt er net
60 I uCor e
80 RN C
100 I UB N odeB
120 AI UE
140
160
~150 ms
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Performance Simulation
Cell throughput increase 40~70%
Equivalent Coverage performance
1600 1400 1200
1600 1400
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HSPA+, the enhancement of HSPA

P e a k d a ta ra te co m p a risio n
50 40 30 20 10 0 DL UL 14. 4 5. 76 11 42
200
V o IP c a p a city im p ro v e m e n t
190 98 68
HSPA 100 HSPA+ 50

0
150
M bps
R99 CS
HSPA
HSPA+
HSPA+ can improve DL peak date rate up to 42M, compared with HSDPA 14.4M HSPA+ can improve UL peak date rate up to 11M, compared with HSUPA 5.76M HSPA+ can support up to approximately 190 VoIP over HSPA users HSPA+ can reduce E2E latency and user state transition, compared
with HSPA
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HSPA+, the nature evolution way of HSPA

HSPA DL: 21M, 64QAM + DL: 28M, MIMO
Enhanced CELL_FACH
16QAM HARQ Fast scheduling HS-PDSCH 2ms TTI MAC-hs
HSDP 14.4M A
QPSK HARQ Fast scheduling E-DPCCH 2ms TTI MAC-e/es
HSUP 5.76M A
DL: 42M, 64QAM+MIMO

UL Enhanced CELL_FACH
HSPA +
UL: 11M, 16QAM UL Enhanced Layer2 CPC
3GPP R8
Enhanced Layer2
3GPP R7
3GPP R6
3GPP R5
Both HSPA and HSPA+ are defined in 3GPP HSPA+ backward compatible with HSPA All HSPA terminals can still be used in HSPA+ network
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HSPA+ key technologies for higher data rate

DL:64QA M
Peak data rate: 1.5 times than HSDPA
UL:16QAM
Peak data rate: 2 times than HSUPA
DL: 2*2MIMO
Data stream 1
Fixed RLC PDU size Flexible RLC PDU size
320bit
L2 Enhancement
640bit
Data stream 2
Peak data rate: Double
L2 is not a bottleneck any more
HOM (Higher Order Modulation) used in both DL and UL MIMO can be used separately or combined with 64QAM in DL Great benefits in the case of good channel condition
HSPA+ key technologies for larger capacity

DPCCH New DPCCH HS_DSCH HS_SSCH HS_SSCH Less Operation First transmission NodeB DRX UE DTX Retransmission
CPC (Continuous Packet Connectivity)

Pilot TFCI FBI TPC Pilot TPC
Enhanced CELL_FACH
PCCH DCCH CCCH BCCH DTCH
PCH
FACH
HS-DSCH
Enhanced CELL_FACH
CELL_FACH
Reduce Uplink interference to improve uplink capacity Reduce downlink transmission power to improve downlink capacity
DTCH/DCCH/CCCH/BCCH is mapped onto HS-DSCH instead of FACH channel Increase the available peak rate for UE in CELL_FACH state by using HSDPA
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HSPA+ key technologies for better user experience

CPC (Continuous Packet Connectivity)
DTX_DRX save power consumption of terminal so that more users can stay in CELL_DCH state and spend less time in reactivation with no need of state transfer.
Enhanced CELL_FACH
Reduce the latency of user and control plane in the CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH and URA_PCH state by higher data peak rate Reduce state transition delay from CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH and URA_PCH state to CELL_DCH state Reduce call setup delay and HTTP response time
L2 Enhancement
With flexible RLC PDU size, small size will be configured in poor coverage area in order to be sent successfully.
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1.WCDMA Basic Principle Introduction

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Mobile Communication Development

CDMA IS-95 TDMA IS-136 PDC

CDMA 2000 TDSCDMA

3G provides compositive services for both operators and subscribers

WCDMA Standard Evolution

DL/UL: 384k/384k 3GPP Rel99

DL/UL: 384k/384k 3GPP Rel4

DL/UL: 14.4M/384k 3GPP Rel5

3GPP Rel7 3GPP Rel6

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WCDMA Network Architecture

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VOD VP TV & Radio Media Service

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Service classified by QoS

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HSDPA Introduction HSUPA Introduction HSPA+ Introduction

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WCDMA RAN Architecture

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Air Interface Protocol Structure

Radio Resource Control (RRC)

Logical channels Medium (MAC) Access Control Transport channels

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Uu Air Interface Protocol

Duplication avoidance GC C-plane signaling Nt DC UuS boundary U-plane information

PDCP PDCP BMC

RLC RLC RLC

RLC RLC RLC

Logical Channels MAC L2/MAC Transport Channels L1

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Data Processing at Physical Layer

Data from MAC Layer TB

Channel coding and multiplexing Spreading and modulation

Implementation of Physical Layer

De-multiplexing & decoding Mapping to MAC layer

Physical channel structure

Spreading and Modulation

OVSF, scrambling, modulation

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WCDMA Communication Model

Channel coding & Interleaving interleaving

Scrambling Modulation Transmitting

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Sketch of WCDMA Physical Links

F ra m e e rro r d e te c tio n LPF ta rg e t S IR

TPC com m and

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Mapping between Transport Channel and Physical Channel

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HSDPA Introduction HSUPA Introduction HSPA+ Introduction MBMS Introduction

Sketch of Coding and Multiplexing

Data stream from MAC

Coding and multiplexing, mapping transport channel to physical channel

Data stream at physical channel

Steps of Coding and Multiplexing

CRC addition Transport block concatenation and

code block segmentation

Steps of coding and multiplexing

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Coding for Downlink 12.2kb/s AMR Speech

HSDPA Peak Rate= (3.84/16)415=14.4Mbps