M o b i e N e tw o rk & l 3G

GSM (Global Systems for Mobile Communications)

Home Location Register

BTS = Base Transceiver Station AuC = Authentication Center OMC = Operation and Maintenance Center PSTN = Public Switched Telephone Network ME = Mobile Equipment

AuC
Equipment ID

Network Management Center

Visitor Location Register

OMC

Subscribe r Identity Module Subscribe r Identity Module Subscribe r Identity Module

ME

BT S

Mobile switchin g center Base station controller

PSTN

Data communication network

ME

BT S

ME

BT S

Version 1.1 May 2007

Base Station Subsystem

lTranscoding Rate and Adaptation Unit (TRAU) lBase Station Controller (BSC)
lPerforms coding between the backbone network and the Mobile Station lControls the channel (time slot) allocation implemented by the BTSes lManages the handoffs within the BSS area lKnows which mobile stations are within the cell and informs the MSC/VLR lDoes now know the exact location of a MS before a call is made lControls several transmitters lEach transmitter has time slots, some used for signaling, on a specific frequency

lBase Transceiver System (BTS)

Network Switching Subsystem

lThe backbone of a GSM network is an ordinary telephone network with some added capabilities
An ISDN exchange with additional capabilities to support mobile communications A database, part of the MSC Contains the location of the active Mobile Stations Links the system to PSTN and other operators

lMobile Switching Center (MSC)

lVisitor Location Register (VLR)

lGateway Mobile Switching Center (GMSC) lHome Location Register (HLR)

Contains subscriber information, including authentication information in Authentication Center (AuC) International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI) codes for e.g. blacklisting stolen phones

lEquipment Identity Register (EIR)

Home Location Register

lOne database per operator lContains all the permanent subscriber information

lMSISDN (Mobile Subscriber ISDN number) is the telephone number of the subscriber lIMSI code is used to link the MSISDN number to the subscriber's SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) lInternational Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) is the 15 digit code used to identify the subscriber
It incorporates a country and operator code

lAlso the subscriber's present Location Area Code, which refers to the MSC, which can connect to the MS

lCharging information lServices available to the customer

Mobile System
MS is the user's handset and has two parts lMobile Equipment

lRadio equipment lUser interface lProcessing capability and memory required for various tasks
Call signaling Encryption SMS messages

lSubscriber Identity Module

lEquipment IMEI number

Subscriber Identity Module

lA small smart card lEncryption codes needed to identify the subscriber lSubscriber IMSI number lSubscriber's own information (telephone directory) lThird party applications (banking etc.) lCan also be used in other systems besides GSM

le.g. some WLAN access points accept SIM based user authentication

ROAMING

ROAMING IS THE CONCEPT WHICH ENABLES A MOBILE SUBSCRIBER TO ROAM IN OTHER NETWORKS RETAINING THE SAME MOBILE NUMBER

Types of Roaming
1.National Roaming 2.International Roaming 3.Regional Roaming 4.
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SMSC Architecture in a GSM Network

Mobile Station Short Message Entity (SME)

Non-MS External Short Message Entity (ESME)Like all short codes SPs

Other Services/Application s

GSM Network

SMSC

Provisioning Network Management System

Billing System

GPRS & MMS

GPRS : General Packet Radio Service (Access Internet/Intranet, Email Access over phone) MMS : Multi Media Messaging Service (send pictures/text /voice at one go thru MMS handset) 1. SGSN : Serving GPRS Support Node 2. GGSN : Gateway GPRS Support Node

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3 G and its Services

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Evolution Path for 3G

Capable Systems

IMT - 2000

3G GSM GPRS EDGE

Existing spectrum

New spectrum

2G 14.4 kbps

evolved 2G 64115 kbps 12

3G 115384 kbps 0.3842 mbps

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Evolution paths All technologies

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Comparison of WCDMA and GSM

WCDMA
Carrier Bandwidth/Spacing Frequency Reuse Factor Power Control Frequency Frequency Diversity 5 MHz 1 1500 Hz 5 MHz gives multipath diversity with RAKE receivers

GSM
200 KHz 1-18 (Variable) 2 Hz or Lower Frequency Hopping

Duplex Method Spectrum

FDD or TDD For FDD : 1920-1980 (Uplink) 2110-2170 (Downlink) For TDD: 1900-1920 MHz (Uplink) 2020-2025 MHz (Downlink)

FDD 900 MHZ: 880-915 MHz (Uplink) 925-960 MHz (Downlink) 1800 MHZ: 1710-1785 (Uplink) 1805-1880 (Downlink)

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3G Network Architecture

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3G Capabilities

High-speed data transmissions Symmetrical and asymmetrical data transmission support Improved voice quality Greater capacity Multiple simultaneous services Global roaming across networks Improved Security Service flexibility

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3G performance advantage

Time to download 1 MB file Fixed line modem 3 minutes GSM cell phone 15 minutes Enhanced GSM phone 1-5 minutes 3G phone 21 seconds

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New VAS Products on 3 G Network Video Messaging Applications Video Portal TV on Mobile Video cRBT Video Streaming Video Chat Video Mail Mcommerce applications Video CRBT

Video CLI Video Mail

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