1 6

LESSON CONTENTS EXERCISE SUMMARY VIDEO

Read fractions and describe fractions as parts of a whole Represent a fraction with a diagram Write a fraction for a given diagram Determine the position of a fraction on a number line
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Read fractions

A fraction is a part of a whole.

Read as:

1 One quarter or one over four. 4

Fraction

Description Two out of three parts One out of two parts Three out of four parts Three out of five parts Three out of eight parts Seven out of twelve parts Nineteen out of twenty six parts

Read as Two thirds or two over three One half or one over two Three quarters or three over four Three over five Three over eight Seven or twelve Nineteen over twenty six

2 3 1 2 3 4

3 5 3 8
7 12 19 26

To represent a fraction with a diagram

Fraction

Diagram The shaded area represents 3 parts out of 4 equal parts of the whole object. The shaded area represents 2 parts out of 6 equal parts of the whole object. The shaded area represents 4 parts out of 9 equal parts of the whole object.

3 4

2 6 4 9

To write a fraction for a given diagram

Diagram

Fraction (the shaded part)

2 5 3 8 7 13

Remember this!

To determine the position of a fraction on a number line A fraction can be shown on a number line. For example: a)

1 5

2 5

3 5

4 5

b)

1 7

2 7

3 7

4 7

6 7

What is the fraction shown by x? The fraction shown by x is 5 7

LESSON CONTENTS EXERCISE SUMMARY VIDEO

Exercise 3.1

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1. Write the following in words:

4 a) 7 11 b) 12 31 c) 72
d)

a) Four over seven b) Eleven over twelve c) Thirty one over seventy two d) Twenty nine over fifty six

29 56

1. Write the fractions to represent the shaded area in each of the following diagrams:

a)

a) b)

4 8 2 4 1 2

b)

c)

c)

 A fraction is a number that represents a part of a whole.

2 3
Fractions can be represented on a number line.
0
1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 1

VIDEO LESSON CONTENTS EXERCISE SUMMARY

Find equivalent fractions for a given fractions Determine whether two given fractions are equivalent Compare the values of two given fractions Arrange fractions in order Simplify fractions to the lowest terms
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To find equivalent fractions for a given fraction

1 8

1 8

1 8

1 8

Equivalent fractions are fractions of the same value. For example, fractions and are both same value.
4 8 1 2

Fractions of shaded area is 4

8

1 2

4 8

1 2

Fractions of shaded area is 1

2

Find two fractions that are equivalent 1 to 4 .

1 4

The shaded area are the same size. Thus, 1 2 4

4 1

8 16

To determine whether two given fractions are equivalent

Determine whether and 2 are 6

3

or

equivalent.

2 6 Therefore, 3 and 9
are equivalent.

2 3

2v3 3v 3
6 9

6 9

6 z3 9 z3
2 3

How much is RED?

1 2

=
Equivalent fractions

3 6

How much is BLUE ?

2 4

=
Equivalent fractions

8 16

To compare the values of two given fractions

The value of two given fractions can be compared. 1) Make the two denominators equal. 2) Compare the numerators.

3 2 Compare with . 14 7

2 2 2 4 ! ! 7 7 2 14
Therefore,

> = greater than < = less than

2 3 " 7 14

or

3 2 14 7

To arrange fractions in order

Fractions can be arranged in order on a number line.

5 3 1 , and Arrange 8 8 4

in increasing order on a number line (from the smallest to the largest).

1 1v 2 2 ! ! 4 4v 2 8
1 4
Thus,

3 8

5 8

2 8

3 8

5 8

To simplify fractions to the lowest terms.

12 Simplify the fraction 30 to its lowest terms.

12 12 z 6 2 ! ! 30 30 z 6 5
2 12 Therefore, the lowest terms of 30 is 5 .

VIDEO LESSON CONTENTS EXERCISE SUMMARY

Exercise 3.2

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1. Which one of the two given fractions is bigger?

6 3 , a) 7 7 5 2 , b) 9 3 3 1 c) , 5 2
d)

a) b) c) d)

5 2 , 8 3

6 7 2 3 3 5 2 3

2. Find the lowest terms for the following fractions:

a)

12 30 63 81 48 72 60 128

a) b) c) d)

b)

c)

d)

2 5 7 9 2 3 15 32

Just for fun!

Equivalent fractions are fractions of the same value.

1 2 3 ! ! 2 4 6

VIDEO LESSON CONTENTS EXERCISE SUMMARY

Recognise mixed numbers Represent mixed numbers with diagrams Write mixed numbers on given diagram Compare and arrange mixed numbers on a number line
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To recognise mixed numbers

A mixed number contains a whole number and a fraction. Examples of mixed numbers are 1 1 , 2 4 , 3 3 .
3 5 7
Whole number

7 2 13
fraction

To represent mixed numbers with diagrams

Diagram

Mixed number

1 1 2

3 2 4

To write mixed number based on given diagrams

1)

5 The mixed number is 2 . 8

To write mixed number based on given diagrams

2)

3 The mixed number is 1 4

To write mixed number based on given diagrams

3)

The mixed number is

7 2 10

To compare and arrange mixed numbers on a number line

A mixed number can be shown on a number line.

Activity
Lets do it together!

VIDEO LESSON CONTENTS EXERCISE SUMMARY

Exercise 3.3

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1. Write the mixed number which represents the shaded parts of each diagram below:

a)

1 2 a) 2
b)

c)

2 5 c) 1 3 4

b) 1

Just for fun!

A mixed number is a number which consists of a whole number and a fraction.

1 4 2 ,3 2 5

VIDEO LESSON CONTENTS EXERCISE SUMMARY

Recognise proper and improper fractions from given fractions Change mixed numbers into improper fractions Change improper fraction into whole number or mixed number

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To recognise proper and improper fractions from given fractions

Example:

A proper fraction is a fraction with the numerator less than the denominator.

1 3
2 27

2 5

3 8

11 15

To recognise proper and improper fractions from given fractions

Example:

An improper fraction is a fraction with the numerator equal to or greater than the denominator.

27 25
2 2

57 31

7 6
5 3

To change mixed numbers into improper fractions Follow these steps:

A mixed number can be changed into an improper fraction.

a) Multiply the whole number by the denominator. b) Add the product (a) to the numerator. c) Retain the denominator.

1. Change the whole numbers into improper fractions. Use the denominator in the bracket. 8 (denominator 2)

8 8! 1 8v 2 ! 1v 2

16 ! 2

1 2. Change 6 3 into an
improper fraction.

1 6 v 3  1 6 ! 3 3 18  1 ! 3

19 ! 3

To change improper fraction into whole number or mixed number

20 1. Change 4 into a whole

number.

20 !5 4
Since 20 is divisible by 4, then the fraction is a whole number.

To change improper fraction into whole number or mixed number

17 2. Change 8 into a

mixed number.

17 1 !2 8 8

VIDEO LESSON CONTENTS EXERCISE SUMMARY

Exercise 3.4

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1. Change the following mixed numbers into improper fraction.

a)

7 9

a) b) c) d)

b)

1 7 3

11 c) 3 20
d)

1 20 4

25 9 22 3 71 20 81 4

Just for fun!

 A proper fraction is a fraction with the numerator less than the denominator. An improper fraction is a fraction with the numerator equal to or more than the denominator.

1 3 , 2 4

5 58 , 8 27