Abdominal Organs

Abdominal organs

Digestive tract:

Stomach, small intestine, large intestine with cecum and appendix Liver, gallbladder and pancreas Kidneys and ureters Spleen

Accessory organs of the digestive tract:

Urinary system:

Other organs:

Stomach

Muscular, hollow,and dilated Second phase of digestion Lies between the oesophagus and the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) Left upper part of the abdominal cavity

The top of the stomach lies against the diaphragm. Lying behind the stomach is the pancreas. The greater omentum hangs down from the greater curvature. Two sphincters:

Esophageal sphincter (found in the cardiac region, not an anatomical sphincter) Pyloric sphincter dividing the stomach from the small intestine.

The stomach is divided into 4 sections: Cardia

Where the contents of the oesophagus empty into the stomach. Formed by the upper curvature of the organ. The main, central region. The lower section of the organ that facilitates emptying the contents into the small intestine.

Fundus

Body or Corpus

Pylorus

1. Body of stomach * 2. Fundus * 3. Anterior wall * 4. Greater curvature * 5. Lesser curvature * 6. Cardia * 9. Pyloric sphincter * 10. Pyloric antrum * 11. Pyloric canal * 12. Angular notch * 13. Gastric canal * 14. Rugal folds

Muscle layers and assoc. Lig.

There are four layers of the muscle wall:

Muscularis externa

Mucosa

Inner oblique layer: Responsible for creating the motion the only layer only in the stomach.

Epithelium, the lamina propria composed of loose connective tissue, and a thin layer of smooth muscle called the muscularis mucosae.. Fibrous connective tissue. Meissner's plexus.

Middle circular layer:

Concentric to the longitudinal axis of the stomach. Especially thick at the pylorus Outer longitudinal layer: Auerbach's plexus is found between this layer and the middle circular layer.

Sub-mucosa

Serosa

Connective tissue continuous with the peritoneum.

Associated ligaments

Gastrocolic Gastrophrenic Gastrosplenic Greater Omentum Hepatogastric Lesser Omentum

Blood Supply

The lesser curvature

Rright gastric artery inferiorly Left gastric artery superiorly (also supplies the cardiac region) Right gastroepiploic artery inferiorly Left gastroepiploic artery superiorly.

The greater curvature

The fundus of the stomach, and also the upper portion of the greater curvature, are supplied by the short gastric artery.

Celiac Trunk:

Splenic Artery:

Abdominal aorta at the level of the T12-L1 intervertebral disc Branches are:

Branch of celiac trunk Branches:

left gastric a., splenic a., common hepatic a.

Pancreatic branches, short gastric, left gastro-omental (gastroepiploic), splenic brs.