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What is important from the point of view of fire safety is how one interprets these properties. Thorough knowledge is essential to understand such properties, and their practical implications. In view of the large number of flammable/explosive chemicals being handled and used by a wide spectrum of industries, this knowledge is a basic safety requirement today.
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WHAT IS FIRE
A FIRE is voluntarily advancing process: combustion of one or more inflammable materials & releasing energy Fire is a chemical reaction between oxygen and carbon (or even hydrogen and carbon) in which heat and light energies are also released. combination which may be defined as a chemical reaction of rapid oxidation accompanied with evolution of light & heat. FUEL + HEAT ENERGY + OXYGEN/ AIR = FIRE
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FIRE TRIANGLE
CHEMISTRY OF FIRE
THREE BASIC ELEMENTS - PRODUCTING FIRE: Presence of FUEL VAPOUR Presence of OXYGEN Presence of HEAT/ SOURCE OF IGNITION THIS COMBINATION CAUSING COMBUSTION IS REFERRED AS FIRE TRIANGLE AND ILLUSTRATED IN ADJOINING FIGURE.
FIRE TRIANGLE
AIR/OXYGEN
FUEL
Starvation
- By cutting of fuel supply [ Most effective for gas fire ] Smothering :- blanketing of fuel by coating material, - by inserting of gas, steam/vaporizing liquid Cooling : -natural cooling ( water spray is the most commonly used) [ effective for oxidizing chemicals, tank fires, etc.,] Breaking chain reaction fourth method
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CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE
Class A Fires. Fires in ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics. Class B Fires. Fires in flammable liquids, combustible liquids, petroleum greases, oils, oil-based paints, solvents, and flammable gases.
Class C Fires.
Class D Fires.
Fires that involve GAS & energized electrical equipment where the electrical non conductivity of the extinguishing media is of importance. (When electrical equipment is de-energized, fire extinguishers for Class A or Class B fires can be used safely.) Fires in combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, sodium, and potassium.
Classes of Fires
Classes of Fires
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES
Classification Coding W aterial , , , ..
&
W A F
F &
, CO2, DCP
F G EE
& F
M (M . N )
DCP
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FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Types of Fire Extinguisher: 1) DCP Extinguisher
DCP Extinguisher is of 5 kg & 10 kg capacity gas cartridge type, and of 25 & 50 kg capacity trolley mounted type. This type of Extinguisher is suitable for Class B,C &D DCP Extinguisher contains sodium bi carbonate as extinguisher media. (white colour) Duration time is around 1 min.
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FIRE EXTINGUISHER
2) C02 Extinguisher
CO2 Extinguisher is of 2.0 kg, 4.5 kg & 9 kg capacity and of 22.5 kg capacity trolley mounted type. This type of Extinguisher is suitable for Class B&C CO2 Extinguisher contains Carbon Di-oxide as extinguisher media. Duration time is around 25 to 60 sec..
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FIRE EXTINGUISHER
3) ABC Extinguisher Generally available in 5Kg
This type of Extinguisher is suitable for Class A, B & C Nitrogen Gas is filled at 15 kg/cm2 pressure on Light Yellow DCP. Duration time is around 45 to 60 sec..
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FIRE EXTINGUISHER
4) Mechanical Foam Type Generally available in 9 lit & 50 lit
This type of Extinguisher is suitable for Class B. Synthetic Foam is filled in it.
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Squeeze the
handle
This will release the pressurized extinguishing agent
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KEY POINTS
FLASH POINT
Flash point is the minimum temperature at which sufficient vapor given a momentary flash in presence of air AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE: It the lowest temperature at which material begins to burn with out heat in presence of air
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Mechanical Foam Type (9 lit) Mechanical Foam Type(50 lit) CO2 Type (2 Kg) CO2 Type (4.5 Kg) DCP Type (5 Kg) DCP Type (10 Kg) ABC Type (5 Kg)
Personal hazards
Smoke and noxious fumes Smoke and fumes cause unconsciousness eath may result
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