Heat content in an object depends on its type of material, mass and temperature.

The heat capacity of an object is the quantity of heat energy required to increase its temperature by 1 . Each object has its own heat capacity. The unit of heat capacity is J 1 . (when we are discussing the heat capacity, we DO NOT consider about the mass factor!) However , an object with a larger mass will have a large heat capacity than an object with smaller mass of the same material.

Solehin places 2 pebbles of different masses and a glass of water under the hot afternoon Sun.
sun

Small pebble

Large pebble

Water (same mass as the large pebble)

 

After 5 minutes, he finds that: The small pebble is hotter than the large pebble The large pebble is hotter than water of the same mass.

   

The increase in temperature depends on: The quantity of heat absorbed. The mass of the object. The material of an object.

Another example on the next page..

5J 5J 1 If want to rise up 1 must to absorb 5J of heat capacity! If want to rise down 1 must to release 5J of heat capacity!

10 J 10 J 1 If want to rise up 1 must to absorb 10J of heat capacity. If want to rise down 1 must to release 10J of heat capacity.

Now, we can compare which one can easily to rise up the temperature and which one cant!!!!

The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat that needed to increase the temperature by 1 for a mass of 1 kg of the substance. Thus, the mass factor is very important and could not be neglected. The specific heat capacity is J kg1 1 . The SI unit of specific heat capacity is J kg1 K1 or J kg1 1 Specific heat capacity, c = Q m

Specific heat capacity (J kg1 1)

c = Q m Mass(Kg) Q = mc

Heat (J) Temperature changes ( /K) (absorb / release)

Therefore the quantity of heat absorbed or lost by an object, Q = mc .

5 J kg1 1 = 5J 1kg X 1 If 1 kg of substance want to rise up 1 need to absorb 5J of heat. If 1 kg of substance want rise down 1 need to release 5J of heat.

10 J kg1 1 = 10J 1kg X 1

If 1 kg of substance want to rise up 1 need to absorb 10J of heat. If 1 kg of substance want to rise down 1 need to release 10J of heat.

Caution: When we talk the temperature the mass must be constant.!!!!

Now, we can compare which one can easily to rise up the temperature and which one cant!!!!

900 J of heat needs to be supplied to 1kg aluminium to produce a 1C temperature increment. 1800J of heat needs to supplied to 2kg aluminium to produce a 1C temperature increment. 1800J of heat needs to supplied to 1kg aluminium to produce a 2C temperature increment.

Substance [solid] ICE (-15C) Wood Ceramic Aluminium Stone Glass Silicon Steel Iron Copper Silver Lead Gold

Specific heat capacity,c/ J kg1 C1 2000 1400 1090 900 840 753 700 502 452 387 235 130 129

Substance [liquid]

Specific heat capacity,c/ J kg1 C1 4200 2450 2410 2100 1890 1740 140

Water(15) Ethanol Glycerine Parrafin Oil Benzene Mercury

Steam

2010

Human body

3500

Heat Capacity Symbol General unit C Relates to a particular object: J C1 Not fixed, depends on the mass of the object Q=C

Specific heat capacity c Relates to a material: J kg1 C1 Fixed for a material regardless of its mass Q = mc

Value Formula Relationship between c and C

C = mc

For the heat capacity:

The heat capacity of an object is the quantity of heat energy required to increase its temperature by 1 . Each object has its own heat capacity.
Unit : J C1 When heat capacity is lower, the temperature is easily rise up and down. When heat capacity is higher, the temperature is difficultly to rise up and down. For the specific heat capacity: The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat that needed to increase the temperature by 1 for a mass of 1 kg of the substance. Unit : J kg1 1 The lower the specific heat capacity , more easily the temperature rise up and down.

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