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Bushings - Purpose
Allows an energized conductor to penetrate a ground plane Provide insulation for an energized conductor where it passes through the grounded wall of an apparatus tank or chamber. Support/Terminals for other energized working parts of the transformer
Bushings - Types
Capacitor/Condenser Type
- Complex insulation system employing a mechanism to grade voltage across the insulation system.
Oil-Impregnated Paper Insulation Resin Bounded Paper Insulation
Non-Condenser Type
- Simple insulation system no voltage grading, typically employed on low voltage or gas filled bushings
Solid Alternate Layers of Solid and Liquid Insulation Gas-Filled
Test Tap
- Bushing Rated to <= 69 kV - Test Voltage: 500 V - Grounded in Service - Used for testing purposes only
Potential Tap
- Bushing Rated > 69 kV - Test Voltage: 2 kV - In Service: Floating or Grounded - In addition to test purposes, can also be used to monitor line voltage.
Bushing Tests
Ungrounded-Specimen Test Center Conductor to Tap, C1 Tap Insulation Test Tap to Flange, C2 Hot Collar Test Externally Applied Conductor Overall Collar to Center
Transformer Bushings
Prior to Bushing Tests, Ensure High Side Winding Shorted Low Side Winding Shorted Including Neutral WHY??? Higher Than Normal Tan Values May Be Obtained NOTE Remove Only One Tap Cover at a time.
Result
Modern Condenser Type Bushings Generally of the Order of 0.5% Temperature Correction to 20 Degrees C Deteriorated Bushings Generally Between 0.5% to 1.0% Investigate Bushings Above 1.0% EXCEPTIONS
C2 TESTS
C2 TESTS Internal Flashover Around the Main Core is a Real and Serious Threat to all Sealed Capacitance Graded Bushings The C2 Test has Been Shown, in Some Cases, to be a More Apparent Indicator of Internal Fluid Contamination Than the C1 Test
Hot-Collar Test - When To Perform Oil Filled Bushings Not Equipped With Taps and Overall Test Cannot be Performed:
- Single Hot-Collar Test on Small Bushings 15 kV and Below - Several Single Hot-Collar Tests for Bushings Rated Above 15 kV
Check Oil Level on all Liquid-Filled Bushings Without Liquid-Level Gauges or Sight Glass Check Bushing With Liquid-Level Gauges Whenever the Gauge is Suspect As Supplementary Test When Overall, UST, Tap Tests Indicate Possible Problem
Hot Collar Test Result Analysis Hot Collar Test Results Increased Watt-Losses Contamination of the Insulation Maximum Acceptable Limit, 0.1 W Decreased Current (Amperes) Voids Low Liquid or Compound Level
Case Study
Three bushings 132 kV - GOB 550 Values are given below
Insulation C1 C2
A 2,53 0,61
B 1,00 0,54
C 0,37 4,49
End of Bushing
Thank you ! Any Questions ?