Agenda

Radio Interface Overview Cell Synchronisation Idle Mode Procedures Broadcast of system Information PLMN selection Cell Selection and Reselection RRC Connection Setup Procedure CS AMR Call Establishment PS Call Establishment Handover Procedures : Softer, Soft, Inter-RAT

Introduction
UE is powered up Cell search Radio frame synchronisation Read BCCH Read BCCH Cell selection Register with core network Originating AMR speech call Handovers Release of AMR speech call Cell selection UE is powered up Cell search

Radio frame synchronisation

Register with core network Originating PS Call

Cell State Transitions

AMR Speech call

PS Data call

Radio Interface Overview

UTRAN
UE Uu

UTRAN
Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)

CN
MSC/VLR Iub Iu-CS
circuit switched (cs) domain

RNC
Uu Iur UE

Iub

RNC

Iu-PS SGSN

packet switched (ps) domain

Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)

Protocol Stacks
Communication between the UE, RNC and circuit switched core makes use
of

Uu interface protocol stack Iub interface protocol stack Iu,cs interface protocol stack A interface protocol stack

Node B Uu Iub

RNC

Multimedia Gateway

3G MSC

Iu,cs

Protocol stacks include both user and control planes

CS Radio Interface Protocol (RIP) Control Plane

The radio interface protocol control plane allows RRC signalling between the RNC and UE RRC signalling is communicated across the Iub using the Iub user plane protocol stack i.e. using
Frame protocol and AAL2 based ATM

Acknowledged or unackowledged mode RLC is used between the UE and RNC

UE
RRC RLC-C MAC

RNC
RRC RLC-C

Node B
FP AAL2

MAC FP AAL2 ATM Phy

WCDMA L1

WCDMA L1

ATM Phy

Uu

Iub

CS Radio Interface Protocol (RIP) User Plane

The 3G MSC provides connectivity to the circuit switched core and PSTN Transparent mode RLC is used between the UE and RNC AAL2 based ATM is used to transfer user plane data across the Iub and Iu,cs interfaces

UE
e.g. vocoder RLC-U MAC

Multimedia GW RNC
RLC-U e.g. vocoder Iu,cs UP A Law PCM, etc

3G MSC
A Law PCM, etc PSTN

Node B
FP AAL2

MAC FP AAL2 ATM Phy

Iu,cs UP

AAL2 ATM Phy

AAL2 ATM Phy

WCDMA L1

WCDMA L1

ATM Phy

Link Layer Phy

Link Layer Phy Phy

Uu

Iub

Iu,cs

AS and NAS Signalling

UE CN Iu edge node
NAS signalling and User data i.e. MM, PMM & CC, SS, SMS, SM

UTRAN RNC
Access Stratum Signalling (Uu Stratum) RRC Access Stratum Signalling (Iu Stratum) RANAP

Access Stratum
Strata were introduced to group protocols related to one aspect of service. In this course, especially the Access Stratum is of importance. The Access Stratum comprises infrastructure and protocols between entities of the infrastructure specific to the applied access technique. In UMTS it offers services related to the data transmission via the radio interface. It also allows the management of the radio interface on behalf of other parts of the network. Two access strata are defined in UMTS: UTRAN MT The protocols in use between UTRAN and the mobile phone specify in detail radio interface related information. AS signalling is used to inform the UE about how to use the radio interface in the UL and DL direction. UTRAN CN The CN requests the access network to make transmission resources available. The interaction between UTRAN and the CN is hereby independent of the interaction between the UTRAN and the UE. In other words, the UTRAN CN access stratum is independent of the used radio interface technology. In this course, we focus our interest mainly on the transmission of signalling information and related parameters via the radio interface. Consequently, the access stratum between the UE and UTRAN will be discussed in detailed. But also NAS signalling will be outlined. NAS signalling is exchanged between the UE and the serving network. In this course material, this signalling is regarded as part of the non-access stratum.

UMTS QoS Architecture

TE MT UTRAN CN Iu edge node CN Gateway TE

End-to-End Service
TE/MT Local Bearer Service External Bearer Service

UMTS Bearer Service = UMTS QoS

Radio Access Bearer Service Radio Bearer Service UTRA FDD/TDD Service Iu Bearer Service Physical Bearer Service

CN Bearer Service

Backbone Bearer Service

Radio Interface Protocol Architecture

Control Plane Signalling
control control control

User Plane

RRC Layer RBs

control control

PDCP

PDCP PDCP

BMC RLC RLC

RLC Layer
RLC

RLC RLC

RLC RLC RLC

LogCHs MAC Layer TrCHs PHY Layer PhyCHs

WCDMA Frame
Radio frame: A radio frame is a processing duration which consists of 15 slots. The
length of a radio frame corresponds to 38400 chips.

Slot: A slot is a duration which consists of fields containing bits. The length of a slot
corresponds to 2560 chips

10

11

12

13

14

10ms

Cell Search Procedure Radio Interface Synchronisation

Cell Synchronisation

Phase 1 P-SCH

Detect cells Acquire slot synchronisation

Phase 2 S-SCH

Acquire frame synchronisation Identify the code group of the cell found in the first step

Phase 3 P-CPICH

Determine the exact primary scrambling code used by the found cell Measure level & quality of the found cell

Radio Interface Synchronisation

Cell synchronisation is achieved with the Synchronisation Channel (SCH). This channel divides up into two sub-channels: Primary Synchronisation Channel (P-SCH)

Secondary Synchronisation Channel (S-SCH) CPICH channel: Primary scrambling code identification

(continued on the next text slide)

Synchronisation Channel (SCH)

2560 Chips 256 Chips

Primary Synchronisation Channel (P-SCH) CP

CP P

CP

CP

Secondary Synchronisation Channel (S-SCH) Cs1 Cs2 Cs15 Cs1

Slot 0

Slot 1

Slot 14

Slot 0

10 ms Frame
Cp = Primary Synchronisation Code Cs = Secondary Synchronisation Code

Step 1- Slot synchronization

Slot Synchronization

PSC : Primary synchronization code

PSCH
256 chip sequence transmitted in each slot interval Same for all cells and slot intervals Mobile Station uses the PSC to acquire slot synchronization The sot timing of the cell can be obtained by detecting peak values in the matched filter

TS Boundary

Matched filter
Stored PSCH

2560 chips

Step 2 - Frame Synchronization

SSC: Secondary synchronization code 256 chip sequence transmitted in parallel with PSC. In general different for different cells and slot intervals 16 different 256 chip sequence ( 16 secondary synch code) Code word of 15 consecutive SSC indicates cell scrambling code group There are 64 such code groups UE checks in each slot 16 possible SSC sequences and select which gives the

highest correlation value => 15 codes are selected The cyclic shift is unique and gives the frame synchronization and the scrambling code group

Slot No.
Group1 Group2 Group3
.. .. SSC1 SSC1 SSC1

0
SSC1 SSC1 SSC2

1
SSC2 SSC5 SSC1

2
.. ..

14
SSC16 SSC10 SSC12

Group64

SSC9

SSC12

SSC10

SSC10

SSC Allocation for S-SCH

scrambling code group group 00 group 01 group 02 group 03 group 04 group 05 slot number
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 5 1 3 16 4 3 8 16 15 1 6 7 4 9 7 5 8 6 4 5 10 3 5 6 11 1 6 15 14 12 5 15 5 7 8 16 16 2 5 5 8 10 3 6 5 12 3 9 16 10 11 8 1 6 10 2 5 2 4 15 2 11 7 12 16 4 12 8 12 15 14 11 6 16 7 13 7 12 15 3 11 6 14 16 10 12 7 2 8

group 62 group 63

9 9

11 12

12 10

15 15

12 13

9 14

13 9

13 14

11 15

14 11

10 11

16 13

15 12

14 16

16 10

11

15

I monitor the S-SCH

Step 3 - Scrambling Code Identification

With the help of the SCH, the UE was capable to perform chip, TS, and frame synchronisation. Even the cells scrambling code group is known to the UE. But in the initial cell selection process, it does not yet know the cells primary scrambling code. There is one primary scrambling code in use over the entire cell, and in neighbouring cells, different scrambling codes are in use. There exists a total of 512 primary scrambling codes. How does UE identify Cells primary scrambling code ( 1 out of 512 codes)

Step 3 - Scrambling code Identification 1) Long Scrambling code :262143 Codes 2) To speed up the cell search => only 8192 codes 3) 8192 code grouping: 512 groups of 16 codes each (512*16 = 8192) 4) 16 codes in each group => first code is Primary scrambling code and 15 codes are Secondary scrambling codes 5) Again 512 codes are further divided into 64 groups of 8 codes 6) These 64 groups map to the 64 scrambling code group used at stage 2 during frame synchronization That way UE limits its Primary Scrambling code search to just 8 codes At this stage max 8 attempts to find out the Primary Scrambling code of the cell 7) Each cell is allocated one Primary scrambling code ( Carrying P-CPICH, PCCPCH, PICH, AICH and S-CCPCH) 8) Other channels can use Primary scrambling code or secondary scrambling codes from the same group

Primary Common Pilot Channel (P-CPICH)

10 ms Frame
2560 Chips 256 Chips

Synchronisation Channel (SCH)

CP
P-CPICH

applied speading code = cells primary scrambling code Cch,256,0

Cell scrambling code? I get it with trial & error!

P-CPICH

Phase reference Measurement reference

Timing Relationship

Slot 1 Cp Primary SCH Cp

Slot 2

Slot 15 Cp

Slot 1

Cs1

Secondary SCH

Cs2

Cs1

Primary CCPCH

256 chips

2560 - 256 chips

Primary CPICH

Cell Synchronisation Procedure: Summary

When a UE is switched on, it starts to monitor the radio interface to find a suitable cell to camp on but it has to determine, whether there is a WCDMA cell nearby. If a WCDMA cell is available, the UE has to be synchronised to the downlink transmission of the system information transmitted on the physical channel P-CCPCH before it can make a decision, in how far the available cell is suitable to camp on. Initial cell selection is not the only reason, why a UE wants to perform cell synchronisation. This process is also required for cell re-selection and the handover procedure. Cell synchronisation is achieved I three phases Step 1: Slot synchronisation During the first step of the cell search procedure the UE uses the SCH"s primary synchronisation code to acquire slot synchronisation to a cell. This is typically done with a single matched filter (or any similar device) matched to the primary synchronisation code which is common to all cells. The slot timing of the cell can be obtained by detecting peaks in the matched filter output. Step 2: Frame synchronisation and code-group identification During the second step of the cell search procedure, the UE uses the SCH"s secondary synchronisation code to find frame synchronisation and identify the code group of the cell found in the first step. This is done by correlating the received signal with all possible secondary synchronisation code sequences, and identifying the maximum correlation value. Since the cyclic shifts of the sequences are unique the code group as well as the frame synchronisation is determined. Step 3: Scrambling-code identification During the third and last step of the cell search procedure, the UE determines the exact primary scrambling code used by the found cell. The primary scrambling code is typically identified through symbol-by-symbol correlation over the CPICH with all codes within the code group identified in the second step. After the primary scrambling code has been identified, the Primary CCPCH can be detected. And the system- and cell specific BCH information can be read. If the UE has received information about which scrambling codes to search for, steps 2 and 3 above can be simplified.

Broadcast of System Information

Cell search

Radio frame synchronisation

Read BCCH

Channels carrying System Information

Logical Channels Transport Channels Physical Channels P-SCH S-SCH CPICH BCCH PCCH CCCH BCH PCH P-CCPCH S-CCPCH PICH FACH AICH

DCCH DTCH

HSDSCH DCH

HS-PDSCH HS-SCCH DPDCH DPCCH

System Information
System Information ( )

UTRAN
NBAP: BCCH Information

UE

RNC Node B
Master Information Block (MIB)
-- Reference to other system Information blocks and scheduling blocks

MIB

Scheduling Blocks (SB1/SB2)

-- References to other system Information blocks

(SIB1-SIB18)
-- Contains the actual system Information

SB1

SIB 1

SIB 2 SIB 11

SIB default schedule

Frame No. REP-POS Block Type Frame No. REP-POS Block Type Frame No. REP-POS Block Type Frame No. REP-POS Block Type 0 0 MIB 16 8 MIB 32 16 MIB 48 24 MIB 2 1 SB1 18 9 SB1 34 17 SB1 50 25 SB1 4 2 SIB7 20 10 SIB7/SIB 3 36 18 SIB7/SIB 18 52 26 SIB7/SIB 4 6 3 SIB6 22 11 SIB1/SI B2 38 19 SIB5 54 27 8 4 MIB 24 12 MIB 40 20 MIB 56 28 MIB 10 5 SIB6 26 13 SIB12 42 21 SIB5 58 29 SIB11 12 6 SIB6 28 14 SIB12 44 22 SIB5 60 30 SIB11 14 7 SIB6 30 15 SIB12 46 23 SIB5 62 31 SIB11

SIB-repeat period (in frame)

Block Type SIB Rep Max. No of seg. MIB 8 1 SB1 16 1 SIB1 64 1 SIB2 64 1 SIB3 64 1 SIB4 64 1 SIB5 64 4 SIB6 64 4 SIB7 16 1 SIB1 1 64 3 SIB1 2 64 3 SIB1 8 64 1

Contents of SIB Type

SIB Type1: 1. CN Common GSM-MAP NAS system information LAC CS Domain Specific info ( T3212 Timer value, ATT) PS Domain specific info ( RAC, NMO) 2. UE Information UE Timers and constants in IDLE mode UE Timers and constants in connected mode SIB Type 2: UTRAN mobility information elements URA identity (1..maxURA)

SIB 3
SIB Type 3 Parameters for cell selection and reselection

1. Cell Identity
2. Cell selection and reselection info 3. Cell access Restriction

SIB Type5
Contains parameters for the configuration of common and Physical channels 1. SIB6 indicator 2. PhyCH information elements
PICH power offset AICH power offset PCCPCH info PRACH sys info list SCCPCH system information CBS DRX Level 1 information

SIB Type 7

Contains the fast changing parameters

1) UL interference ( -110 to -70 dBm)

SIB Type 11

Contains measurement control information to be used in the cell 1. FACH measurement occasion info FACH Measurement occasion cycle length coefficient inter frequency FDD measurement indicator inter-RAT measurement indicators 2. Measurement control Sys info
Use of HCS (Enumerated(not used, used)) Cell selection and Reselection quality measure inter-freq meas sys info intra-freq meas sys info inter-RAT meas sys info Traffic volume meas sys info UE internal meas sys info

SIB Type 13,14 and 15

SIB Type 13: Contains ANSI-41 information SIB Type 14: Contains UL Outer Loop Power parameters Meant only for TDD SIB Type 15: Contains information pertaining to UE based positioning methods

SIB Type 16
Contains radio bearer, transport channel and physical channel parameters to be stored by UE in idle and connected mode. The info is used during handover to UTRAN
1. RB Information elements 2. TrCH Information Elements 3. PhyCH Information Elements

SIB Type 17 and SIB Type 18

SIB Type 17 Only for TDD

SIB Type 18 PLMN identities for neighbouring cells

Cell Selection

UE is powered up Cell search Radio frame synchronisation Read BCCH

Cell selection

Cell Selection Criterion S

Which cells are suitable for (initial) cell selection and reselection, so that the UE can camp on them? This is determined by the UE based on the cell selection criterion S. It is fulfilled, when Srxlev > 0 AND Squal > 0 in the FDD mode, and Srxlev > 0 in the TDD mode. Squal delivers the cell Selection quality value (dB). Qqualmin The UE determines it according to this formulary: Squal = Qqualmas e The UE measures the received signal quality Qqualmas of the cell. It is based on CPICH e Ec/N0 (dB) for FDD cells. (CPICH Ec/N0 is averaged.) The operator determines for each cell the minimum required received level Qqualmin (dB) at the UE. This value is the broadcasted. Its integer value can range between 24 and 0 dB. A cell is not suitable for cell selection and re-selection, if the measured received signal quality level is below Qqualmin. Srxlev stands for the cell selection receive level value (dB). - Qrxlevmin Pcompensation The UE determines it this way: Srxlev = Qrxlevmas e is the cell RX level measured by the UE, based on the CPICH RSCP for FDD Qrxlevmas e cells (dBm), and the averaged received signal level for GSM cells (dBm). (All values get averaged!) The operator sets the value Qrxlevmin as minimum required RX level in the cell

Cell Selection Criterion S (in the FDD mode)

Qqualmas (dB) e (CPICH Ec/N0)

Squal > 0

S-Criterion fulfilled
Squal >0 AND Srxlev > 0

Qqualmin (24...0)

Qrxlevmin (115...25) Pcompensation suitabl e cell?

Qrxlevmas (dBm) e CPICH RSCP

Srxlev > 0

Cell Selection Criterion S

If the UE determines the cells RX level value Qrxlevmas and Qrxlevmin calculated the Srxlev e accordingly, it may have good RX level which means, that a good DL connection can be established. But the UEs own output power capability has to be taken under consideration. This is done with Pcompensation = max(UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH P_MAX, 0) (dB) In order to access a cell, the UE has to use the common channel PRACH. The operator determines the maximum cell radius by limiting the maximum TX power level, a UE can use on the PRACH. This is the UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH (dBm). UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH can range according to the specifications - between 50 dBm and 33 dBm. On the other hand, there is the UEs maximum RF output power, given by P_MAX (dBm).

Cell Selection Criterion S

Cell size defining parameters: Qrxlevmin
Qqualmin

I am outsid e

I am inside, but have not enough power

compensation max(UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH P_MAX, 0)

-50 .. 33 dBm

(Initial) Cell Selection Process

There exist two cell selection procedures: Initial Cell Selection The UE has to find a suitable cell of the PLMN, which was selected by the NAS. To do so, the mobile phone scans all radio frequency carriers of UTRA. Hereby, the UE focuses its cell search to the suitable cell on each carriers. As soon as the mobile phone has found a suitable cell, it selects it. Stored Information Cell Selection To speed up the cell selection process for instance, when the UE is switched on again information about UTRA carriers, even cell parameters such as cell scrambling codes can be stored in the UE. The UE uses this information to find a suitable cell of the PLMN, which was selected by the NAS. If the cell selection based on stored information in the UE fails e.g. the selected PLMN cannot be found the UE continues the cell selection process based on the Initial Cell Selection procedure. Both for Initial Cell Selection and Stored Information Cell Selection, a cell is only suitable for the UE to camp on, if it fulfils the cell selection criterion S: Srxlev > 0 AND Squal > 0 in the FDD mode, and Srxlev > 0 in the TDD mode.

(Initial) Cell Selection Process

Once a suitable cell is found this cell is selected

Squal = Qqualmas e
Srxlev = Qrxlevmas e Initial Cell Selection (scan RF channel)

Qqualmin > 0
Qrxlevmin Pcompensation > 0

or

Stored Information Cell Selection

I have to find a suitable cell

Cell Selection When Leaving the RRC Connected Mode

The subscriber just has terminated a call, i.e. the UE was in the RRC connected mode, dropping back into the RRC idle mode. Which cell is then a candidate cell for the UE to camp on? Candidate cells are the ones, the UE was connected immediately before call termination. But these cells must be suitable cells. If none of these cells are suitable or fulfils the criterion S - , the UE starts the Stored Information Cell Selection procedure. There is a difference, when the UE returns to the RRC idle mode after an emergency call on any PLMN. Here, candidate cells to be selected to camp on are cells, to which the UE was connected to immediately before it terminated the emergency calls. These cells have to be only acceptable cells. But if none of these cells are acceptable, the UE has to start looking for acceptable cells, while it is in the internal state Any cell selection.

Cell Selection When Leaving the RRC Connected Mode

Active Set cells as candidates for cell selections; if not suitable, then Stored information cell selection

Squal > 0
Srxlev > 0

Nokia Parameters for Cell Selection

WCEL: QrxlevMin The minimum required RX level in the cell. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [-115 ... 25] dBm, step 2 dBm; default: -115 dBm. WCEL: QqualMin The minimum required quality level in the cell (Ec/No). This parameter is part of SIB 3. [-24 ... 0] dB, step 1 dB, default: -18 dB. WCEL: UEtxPowerMaxPRACH This parameter defines the maximum transmission power level a UE can use on PRACH. The value of the parameter also effects the cell selection and reselection procedures. The value of the parameter is sent to UE in the Cell selection and reselection of SIB 3 and 4 of the serving cell. [..]

Cell Reselection in the RRC Idle and RRC Connected Mode

As soon as a mobile phone camps on a cell, it must periodically look for a better cell to camp on. But what is a better cell? On the BCCH, parameters for cell reselection are broadcast. If a cell meets the cell selection criteria of these parameters, it is a better cell to camp on. The cell reselection may result in the change of the UTRA carrier or even the RAT. If the UE camps normally on a cell, it is responsible to monitor the BCCH and to obtain the system information; listen to its paging channel and its paging channel resource; perform serving cell measurements periodically; perform neighbouring cell measurements as far as this is required by the cell reselection evaluation procedure; conduct the cell re-selection evaluation procedure, when BCCH information has changed or internal threshold measures indicate it.; execute a cell reselection, if a better cell has been found after the cell re-selection evaluation process; Move the UE to the internal state Any cell selection, if no suitable cell can be found. The UE performs its measurements based on the BCCH. The BCCH also delivers the neighbourhood list to the UE. Given this information, the UE decides, on which RATs and frequency bands it has to perform its measurements which cells are candidate cells for measurements within one frequency band and RAT (HCS), and ranks the cells to determine the best suitable cell for cell reselection.

Cell Reselection

Cell reselection
Neighbour list from BCCH
Measurement criteria

Measured neighbours Suitable neighbours

S criteria

R criteria

Best ranked cell Re-selection if not serving cell

Cell reselection with HCS

Neighbour list from BCCH
Measurement criteria with HCS S criteria

Measured neighbours Suitable neighbours

H criteria

Neighbours to rank
R criteria

Prioritized neighbours

Best ranked cell Re-selection if not serving cell

Cell Reselection: Measurement Rules

As part of the network planning process, the operator has to determine the threshold values, which trigger the cell re-selection process by the UE. The operator has also to decide, whether to use the HCS. The BCCH is used to inform the UE about the use of HCS. Intra-Frequency measurement threshold Sintrasearch If this parameter is not sent in the serving cell, the UE must always perform intrafrequency measurements. If it is transmitted and Sx > Sintrasearch , the UE does not perform intra-frequency measurements. If Sx <= Sintrasearch , it performs intrafrequency measurements. Inter-Frequency measurement threshold Sintersearch If this parameter is not sent in the serving cell, the UE must always perform interfrequency measurements. If it is transmitted and Sx <= Sintersearch , it must perform inter-frequency measurements, but if Sx > Sintersearch , there is no need to perform this type of measurement. Inter-RAT measurement threshold SsearchRATm If this parameter is not sent in the serving cell, the UE must always perform intersystem measurements. If it is transmitted and Sx > SsearchRATm , it wont conduct measurements on cells of radio access technology m. But if Sx <= SsearchRATm , it has to do these measurements. Sintrasearch , Sintersearch , and SsearchRATm can get integer values ranging from 32 to 20 (step

Cell Reselection: Measurement Rules

SsearchRATm Sintersearch Sintrasearch
Sx=Squal (in FDD mode)

Intrafrequency Interfreqency Inter-RAT

No need to measure Intra-frequency IntraInter-frequency frequency neighbour cells

EC/N0 =

-14 dB

-10 dB

-8 dB

Example: Nokia Qqualm = -18 in dB, Sintrasearch = 10dB,

When to perform measurements serving cell

Cell Reselection: R-Criterion

After checking the measurement thresholds, the UE has detected suitable cells to camp on. But which of the remaining candidate cells is the best one for cell re-selection? For that, a cell-ranking criterion R was specified: (for the serving cell) Rs = Qmas,s + Qhysts e (for candidate neighbouring cells for cell Rn = Qmas,n - Qoffsets,n e reselection) The serving cell and the remaining candidate cells are ranked according to criterion R. The cell ranked with the highest value R is the best cell for the UE to camp on. Qhysts gives a hysteresis value to make the serving cell more attractive and thus delay the cell re-selection. It exists in two versions: It ranges between 0 and 40 (step size 2). The value Qoffset is an offset given for each individual neighbouring cell, which ranges between 50 and 50 dB, with default set to 0.

Cell Reselection: R-Criterion

Is the cell re-selection initiated immediately after the UE ranks a neighbouring cell to be the best? If so, we could face a ping-pong effect a UE often performing cell reselection between two neighbouring cells. To avoid this, the operator uses the time interval value Treselection, whose value ranges between 0 and 31 seconds. Only when a cell was ranked Treselection seconds better then the serving cell, a cell reselection to this cell takes place. In addition to this, a UE must camp at least 1 second on a serving cell, before the next cell re-selection may take place. How often are the cell re-selection criteria evaluated? This is done at least once every DRX cycle for cells, for which new measurement results are available.

Cell Reselection: R-Criterion

Rs = Qmas,s e Rn = Qmas,n e + Qhysts - Qoffsets,n

Rn > Rs =>cell reselection

Qmas e

Qmas,n e Qmas,s e Qhysts

Rn

Qoffsets,n
Treselection

Rs

Nokia Parameters for Cell Reselection

WCEL: UseOfHCS This parameter indicates whether the serving cell belongs to a Hierarchical Cell Structure (HCS). This parameter is part of SIB 11/12. 0 (HCS not used), 1 (HCS in use); default: 0. WCEL: Sintrasearch The threshold for intra-frequency measurements, and for the HCS measurement rules. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [0 ... 20] dB, step 2 dB, default: 10 dB. WCEL: Sintersearch The threshold for inter-frequency measurements, and for the HCS measurement rules. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [0 ... 20] dB, step 2 dB, default: 8 dB. WCEL: Ssearch_RAT The RAT-specific threshold for inter-RAT measurement rules. This parameter is part of SIB 3. [0 ... 20] dB, step 2 dB, default: 4 dB.

UE is powered up

Register with Core Network

Cell search Radio frame synchronisation Read BCCH

Cell selection Register with core network

Originating AMR speech call Handovers Release of AMR speech call

Register with the Core Network

The UE registers with the CS core domain CS domain registering is an IMSI attach Registering is achieved by establishing an RRC connection and
sending NAS messages to the CS core

UE is powered up Cell search

Radio frame synchronisation

Read BCCH

RRC CONNECTION ESTABLISHMENT LOCATION UPDATING PROCEDURE

Cell selection Register with core network Originating AMR speech call

Handovers

Release of AMR speech call

UTRAN Specific Signalling Protocols

RNS
Iub :N Node B BA P

RNC
NA P : RA S Iu-C

UE RRC

3G-MSC/VLR

IuPS :R AN AP

Iur: RNSAP

3G-SGSN

RNC RNS

RRC Connection Establishment

RRC Connection Establishment

UE Node B RNC
accept ed

[RACH] RRC Connection Request

[FACH] RRC Connection Setup

[DCH] RRC Connection Setup Complete

UE
[RACH] RRC Connection Request

RNC
reject ed

[FACH] RRC Connection Reject

RRC Modes
UTRA RRC Connected Mode
URA_PCH CELL_PCH
GSM-UMTS Handover GSM

Connected Mode UTRA: Inter-RAT Handover

Release RR Connection

CELL_DCH

CELL_FACH

GPRS Packet Transfer Cell Mode Reselection Release of a TBF

Release RRC Connection

Release RRC Connection Establish RRC Connection

Establish RRC Connection

Initiation of a TBF (MS in GPRS Packet Idle Mode)

Establish RR Connection

(UE camps on UTRAN cell)

Idle Mode

(MS camps on a GERAN cell)

(adopted from TS 25.331 V3.12.0

CELL_DCH State
DCCH and if configured DTCH Dedicate physical channel in use UE location known on active set cell level UE responsible for measurement reporting RRC messages on DCCH
active set cell

active set cell

CELL_FACH State

DCCH and if configured DTCH FACH used for higher layer data transfer, UE monitors FACH permanently Uplink transmission on RACH UE location known on serving cell level UE performs cell re-selection UE responsible for measurement reporting Cell system information on BCCH RRC messages on BCCH, CCCH and DCCH

serving cell

CELL_PCH and URA_PCH State no DCCH and DTCH

Before uplink transmission UE moves to CELL_FACH UE must be paged RRC messages on BCCH and PCCH In CELL_PCH - UE location known on cell level - UE performs cell re-selection and cell updates In URA_PCH - UE location known on URA level - UE performs cell re-selection and URA updates

URA UTRAN Registration Area

URA reselection Periodic URA update (stationary MS) Periodic URA update (stationary MS) Paging response (DL data / signalling) UL Access (UL data / signalling) Inactivity detection of NRT RB Release of RT RB

Summary of RRC States

Activity supervision Completion of Cell Update procedure

URA_ PCH

Cell_ PCH

Cell reselection (moving UE) Periodic cell update (stationary UE) Paging response (DL data/ signalling) UL Access (UL data/signalling)

Setup of RT/non-GBR RB RAB reconfiguration DCH Up or Downgrade Bit rate reduction due to load reasons

Cell_ DCH

Cell_ FACH

Completion of URA Update procedure Max. number of periodic cell updates in Cell_FACH / Cell_PCH exceeded

CN originated paging (MT Call) Random Access (MO Call)

Idle Mode

UL/DL data or signalling RT RB setup

RRC Connection Release

RRC Connection Establishment

UE Node B RNC
accept ed

[RACH] RRC Connection Request

[FACH] RRC Connection Setup

[DCH] RRC Connection Setup Complete

UE
[RACH] RRC Connection Request

RNC
reject ed

[FACH] RRC Connection Reject

Signalling Radio Bearers

RRC Connection Setup ( UE
RRC Signalling

)
NAS Signalling
op tio na l

RNC

RRC layer RB0 RLC UL: TrM DL: UM CCCH RB1 RLC UL & DL: UM DCCH RB2 RLC UL & DL AM DCCH RB3 RLC UL & DL AM DCCH

RB4 Radio Bearer RLC UL & DL AM DCCH LogCH

MAC

RRC Connection Setup message

RRC Connection Setup (
NAS Signalling

)
user plane

UE

RNC

RRC layer
RB configurati on

Radio Bearer PDCP RLC LogCH BMC

TrCH configurati on PhyCh configurat ion

MAC TrCH PHY PhyCH

Example: 13.6 kbps SRB ( Part of RRC Connection Setup )

Higher layer RAB/signalling RB User of Radio Bearer RLC Logical channel type RLC mode Payload sizes, bit Max data rate, bps AMD/UMD PDU header, bit MAC Layer 1 MAC header, bit MAC multiplexing TrCH type TB sizes, bit TFS TTI, ms Coding type CRC, bit Max number of bits/TTI before rate matching Uplink: Max number of bits/radio frame before rate matching TF0, bits TF1, bits SRB#1 RRC DCCH UM 136 13 600 8 4 SRB#2 RRC DCCH AM 128 12 800 16 4 DCH 148 (alt 0, 148) 0x148 (alt 1x0) 1x148 10 CC 1/3 16 516 516 SRB#3 NAS_DT High prio DCCH AM 128 12 800 16 4 SRB#4 NAS_DT Low prio DCCH AM 128 12 800 16 4

4 logical channel multiplexing

Signalling Channel configuration

Data Logical Channels Transport Channels Physical Channels

RRC signalling

DCCH1-4

DCH1 DPCH

RRC Connection Setup message

RRC Connection Setup (
NAS Signalling

)
user plane

UE

RNC

RRC layer
RB configurati on

Radio Bearer PDCP RLC LogCH BMC

TrCH configurati on PhyCh configurat ion

MAC TrCH PHY PhyCH

RRC Connection Setup

UE
R R C

Node-B
RRC Connection Setup Request ( CCCH on RACH)
NB AP NB AP ALC AP ALC AP

RNC
R R C NB AP NB AP ALC AP ALC AP R R C

CN

Radio Link Setup Request Radio Link Setup Response Establish Request

Signalling Bearer establishment

Establish Response

R R C

RRC Connection Setup (CCCH on FACH)

R R C

RRC Connection Setup Complete (DCCH on DCH)

R R C

AMR Speech Call

The AMR speech call can be either mobile originated or mobile
terminated

UE is powered up Cell search

The following slides present a mobile originated call The first step is to establish an RRC connection. This is done in the
same way as for the IMSI attach procedure

Radio frame synchronisation

Read BCCH

The only difference is that the establishment cause specified in the

RRC Connection Request message is specfied as

originatingConversationalCall
Mobile Terminated Call (MTC) Mobile Originated Call Paging
RRC Connect ion Iu-CS Connection Radio Access Bearer

Cell selection

Register with core network

Cell re-selections

AMR speech call

Handovers

Release of AMR speech call

Iu-CS Call Setup

For internal use 76 Nokia Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Overview of Setting Up Call

Mobile Terminated Call (MTC)

Mobile Originated Call

Paging

RRC Connectio n

Service Request

Radio Access Bearer

Iu-CS Call Setup (CM Service Request)

UE Node-B
RRC Connection Setup
R R C

RNC

MSC

Initial Direct Transfer CM Service Request

R R C RA NAP

Initial UE Message CM Service Request

RA NAP

RA NAP R R C R R C

Initial UE Message CM Service Accept

RA NAP

Initial Direct Transfer CM Service Accept

Iu-CS Call Setup (CM Service Request)

UE Node-B
RRC Connection Setup
R R C

RNC

MSC

Initial Direct Transfer CM Service Request

R R C RA NAP

Initial UE Message CM Service Request

RA NAP

R R C

Security Mode Command Uplink Direct Transfer (Set up)

R R C RA NAP

Direct Transfer (Setup) RA

NAP

R Downlink Direct Transfer (Call Proceeding) R C

RA NAP R R C

Direct Transfer ( Call Proceeding)

RA NAP

Overview of Setting up an AMR call

Mobile Terminated Call (MTC)

Mobile Originated Call

Paging

RRC Connectio n

Iu_CS connection

Radio Access Bearer

Iu-CS Call Setup (RAB Setup)

UE Node-B RNC MSC
RRC Connection Setup & CM Service Request & Call Setup

RA NAP

RAB Assignment Request

RA NAP

NB AP ALC AP

NBAP Procedures ALCAP Procedures

NB AP ALC AP ALC AP

Establish Request/Confirm

ALC AP

R R C R R C

Radio Bearer Setup Radio Bearer Setup complete

R R C R R C RA NAP RA NAP

RAB Assignment Response

Call Setup
UE Node-B RNC MSC
RRC Connection Setup, Iu CS Call Setup, Radio Bearer Setup
Alerting
Connect

Connect Acknowledge

Call Established

Release of AMR Speech Call

The call is released in a controlled manner when either the
originating or terminating terminal hangs-up

UE is powered up Cell search

Radio frame synchronisation

The RRC connection is released and the UE returns to RRC Idle

mode
Read BCCH

Cell selection

Register with core network

AMR speech call

Release of AMR speech call

Release of AMR Speech Call

UE Direct Transfer (Disconnect) Direct Transfer (Release) Direct Transfer (Release Complete) Iu Release Command Iu Release Complete RRC Connection Release RRC Connection Release Complete RRC Connection Release Complete RRC Connection Release Complete Radio Link Deletion Request Radio Link Deletion Response ALCAP: Release Request ALCAP: Release Response ALCAP: Release Request ALCAP: Release Response Call Released Node B Call Established RNC MSC

UE returns to Idle Mode