BRAIN DRAIN

WHAT IS BRAIN DRAIN ?

It can be simply defined as the mass emigration of technically skilled people from one country to another country.

As a Political problem
the best of professional manpower leave their home country, it is a political phenomenon. It involves peculiar contradiction.

As an Economical problem
It is characteristic of brain drain that the more underdeveloped a country is economically, the more it loses by brain drain while only developed countries profit from the process. There are higher living standards and better research and working opportunities of the more developed country, which provides thousands of possibilities for developing human potential.

As an psycho-social problem
It starts from the under developed countries towards the developed one, due to social, cultural and psychological factors due to references for living in certain countries. A large number move from few LDCs to certain DCs and ;at the same time a less number of HQM move from a large number of LDCs.

Brain drain as problem

Political problem Economical problem Psycho-social problem

Magnitude & direction of brain drain

The recent study points out that migration of scholars and professional manpower across international frontiers has persisted throughout the ages The migration of high level manpower (HLM) in the late 1990s had been estimated by him to be of the order of 100,000 annually. The bulk of these were Asians migrating to USA in the 1990-2000. Since then majority of brain drain is both to Europe and USA from the third world.

Push factors
Under employment Economic under development Low wage/salary political instability Discrimination in appointment and promotion Poor working facilities Lack of scientific tradition and culture Desire for a better urban life Better career expectation

Pull factor
Better economic prospects Higher salary and income Better level of living and way of life Better research facilities Prestige of foreign training Relative political stability Presence of a rich, scientific and cultural tradition Attraction of urban centres Technological gap

Individual's motives and experiences:

1. Economic and professional: a) suitable job b) income and living standard c) working conditions: facilities, autonomy, career prospects, relations with superiors and with co-workers.

2. Personal influence: a) Spouse b) Feelings and interests of the children c) Family d) Friends e) Colleagues at work 3. Living conditions in society: a) where life is more interesting and more pleasant b) Discrimination by the public

 4. Political situation: a) Government controls b) Nationalist feelings of respondent

Brain Drain in India Favorable or Unfavorable?

what will happen if they seal the borders and detain all this talent inside the nation? Would they be able to grow and be as creative as they would like to?

Why is it favourable ?
The biggest benefit of brain drain is that all those individual brains will get the opportunity to nurture in another atmosphere where they get more support as well as have more freedom to boom and this is why they leave. From a universal point of view, it will help talents develop and not be shattered.

Why is it unfavourable ?
However on the other side, Brain drain is a severe loss due to the flow of the competent and effective sector of the country particularly oil producing states which are now in terrible need for trained and highly skilled employees. Brain drain influences all level of education in the world which suffers illiteracy estimation at 70 million people. The economy can also be affected due to expenditure on study whether state funded or privately.

Ways to overcome it
Age-Neutrality. Training. Ensure Job Fit. Mentorship. Succession Planning. Succession Planning.

Conclusion
Historically, wars between nations have always been about land and its appropriation. Now a new type of war is emerging, the war about technology, human brain and its control. Because it is only a nation s human capital that can be converted into real wealth. There is a clear need for international cooperation.