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Identification Division.
No differences

Environment Division
MUST be EMPTY in CICS Program! No SELECT statements allowed!

Data Division
No FILE SECTION (No SELECTS)

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Data Division
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
x Switches, Flags, Variables, Records, etc. x You get fresh copy each time program loaded!

LINKAGE SECTION (New Item!!)

x DFHCOMMAREA defined or CICS will! x Used to receive data from CICS. x CICS also inserts EIB Block definition

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Procedure Division
Uses most COBOL statements Also uses CICS Commands like:
x x x x x RETURN XCTL SEND MAP RECEIVE MAP READ DATASET

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Program must be able to determine! Always starts at beginning of Program Starts with initialized Working-Storage Can use several methods:
EIBCALEN (First time program loaded) COMMAREA (Tran-ID, EIBAID) Hidden Data on Screen

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Beginning of Program must determine! Can use series of IF statements

Can be nested (or not if careful!) Usually each path ends with RETURN

Can use EVALUATE statement

EVALUATE TRUE most common (New Dev) General WHEN OTHER for errors

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WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
Switches, Flags, and Misc Variables COMMUNICATION-AREA (Your copy!) RESPONSE-CODE PIC S9(08) COMP. RECORD Descriptions COPY Library for MAP Other COPY Members as needed

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LINKAGE SECTION.
DFHCOMMAREA PIC X(nnn).

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If you dont code it, CICS Will! The commarea (if any) placed here! EIBCALEN gives length of commarea 0 (ZERO) means there is NO commarea

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PROCEDURE DIVISION (Where are we?)

IF first-time SEND Initial-Map ELSE IF <ENTER> Process Screen ELSE Process Function-Key END-IF END-IF SEND MAP
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PROCEDURE DIVISION
EVALUATE TRUE WHEN EIBCALEN = 0 First time in Program WHEN EIBAID = DFHENTER Process Screen WHEN EIBAID = DFHPF3 or DFHPF12 Exit Program WHEN OTHER Invalid key END-EVALUATE
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` General

Structure:

EXEC CICS CICS COMMAND OPTION(value) (Parameters as needed) END-EXEC

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EXEC CICS RETURN

[ TRANSID(name) ]

[ COMMAREA(data-area) ] [ LENGTH(data-value) ]
END-EXEC Length PIC S9(4) COMP or Literal

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EXEC CICS XCTL

PROGRAM(name) [ COMMAREA(data-area) ] [ LENGTH(data-value) ] END-EXEC

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EXEC CICS SEND

MAP(name) [ MAPSET(name) ] [ FROM(data-area) ] [ MAPONLY | DATAONLY ] [ ERASE | ERASEUP ] [ CURSOR [ (value) ] ]

END-EXEC

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EXEC CICS RECEIVE

MAP(map-name) [ MAPSET(mapset-name) ] INTO(data-area)

END-EXEC

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EXEC CICS READ

DATASET(filename) INTO(data-area) RIDFLD(data-area) [ RRN | RBA ] [ UPDATE ]

END-EXEC

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EXEC CICS ABEND [ ABCODE(name) ] END-EXEC (ABCODE used to identify storage dump Usually omitted!)

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Event-driven design Structure Chart - Consider All Functions Identify Events and Context
Any action that starts program List All (Valid) Possible User Actions

Design Appropriate Response

Processing required for an event Managing user interaction

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COMMAREA usually stores context

Get Key Add Customer Change Customer Delete Customer

Response to same key can be different depending on context (ENTER key)

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Event/Response Chart
Helps with design or Program Serves as Documentation of Program Sometimes replaced with Structure Chart

Structure Chart Evolves into Design

Start with Major Functions Add Detail as Needed Assign Paragraph Numbering (If Used)

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EXEC CICS WRITE

DATASET(filename) FROM(data-area) RIDFLD(data-area) [ RRN | RBA ]

END-EXEC

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EXEC CICS REWRITE

DATASET(filename) FROM(data-area)

END-EXEC NOTES: Record MUST be READ with UPDATE! data-area - NOT have to match Read

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EXEC CICS DELETE

DATASET(filename) [ RIDFLD(data-area) ] [ RRN | RBA ]

END-EXEC NOTE: If no RIDFLD last READ is Deleted

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EXEC CICS UNLOCK DATASET(filename) END-EXEC NOTE: If READ/UPDATE command is used and you determine that record does not need to be updated. Usually not needed as record is unlocked when the task is terminated.

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Most Common Exceptions:

DISABLED Dataset disabled DUPREC Record already exists FILENOTFND Dataset not in FCT INVREQ Invalid request IOERR File I/O error NOTAUTH User not authorized NOTFND Record not in file

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ALL CICS Commands allow RESP Parm 01 RESP-CODE PIC S9(8) COMP.

IF RESP-CODE = DFHRESP(NORMAL) MOVE Y TO OK-COMMAND ELSE IF RESP-CODE = DFHRESP(NOTFND) MOVE N TO REC-NOT-FOUND ELSE PERFORM DISPLAY-MISC-ERROR END-IF END-IF

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PREVENT
Add busy flag in record (Special Maint) All programs MUST follow procedure Extra I/O required (to Set/Reset flag)

DETECT
Save copy and compare before updating OR Add Maint-Timestamp and check it Notify User to get latest version of data

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Sometimes called Deadly Embrace Happens when records from multiple files must be updated as a unit
Withdraw from Savings Deposit to Check Crash after withdraw? Wheres money?

Must both be done or neither! (Atomic)

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EXEC CICS RETURN

[ TRANSID(name) ] [ COMMAREA(data-area) ] [ LENGTH(data-value) ]

END-EXEC

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EXEC CICS LINK

PROGRAM(name) [ COMMAREA(data-area) ] [ LENGTH(data-value) ]

END-EXEC NOTE: Program name must be in PPT. Works like COBOL PERFORM statement.

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EXEC CICS XCTL PROGRAM(name) [ COMMAREA(data-area) ] [ LENGTH(data-value) ] END-EXEC NOTE: Program name must be in PPT.

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CURSOR Positioning (in SEND MAP)

IC option in DFHMDF Macro (ATTRB Parm)
x If more than one LAST position is used.

DIRECT Cursor Positioning

x x x x x x CURSOR(nnn) where nnn is position on screen Displacement from start of the screen ( Row 1 ) * 80 + ( Column 1 ) 0 is Row 1, Column 1 1919 is Row 24, Column 80 (24 by 80 Screen) Changes in screen require changes to program

(Not used much - too complex!)

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CURSOR Positioning (in SEND MAP)

Symbolic Cursor Positioning (Preferred!)
x CURSOR with no position parameter! x Specify the FIELD where the CURSOR goes x Place 1 in the LENGTH Attribute of the field where the cursor is to be placed x FIELD NAME with L appended is LENGTH x If more than one FIRST position is used. x BINARY HALFWORD - PIC S9(04) COMP.

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Determining the position of CURSOR when the user types an AID key.
EIBCPOSN in EIB Block (binary halfword) READ only-Available before RECEIVE MAP Can be used to determine user selection instead of requiring user to enter character

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Symbolic Map includes Attribute byte Field Name with A appended Cryptic bit codes and names used Copy library supplied by IBM (Horrible) Most shops have their own copy book We dont have extended attributes!

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All data entered should be validated Required data must be present Numeric data needs to be normalized Alpha data should not be spaces Meaningful error messages displayed Very tedious coding required! Do checking from bottom to top!

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EXEC CICS SEND TEXT

FROM(data-area) [ LENGTH(data-value) ] [ ERASE ] [ FREEKB]

END-EXEC NOTE: No FREEKB user must hit RESET!

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EXEC CICS HANDLE AID option(procedure name) END-EXEC

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HANDLE AID Options:

PA1-PA3 Program Attention Keys PF1-PF24 Program Function Keys ENTER The ENTER Key CLEAR The CLEAR Key ANYKEYAny key not Specified

(Except the ENTER key)

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EXEC CICS HANDLE AID

PF3(900-MENU) CLEAR(850-CLEAR) ENTER(700-ENTER) ANYKEY(750-ERROR)

END-EXEC NOTE: HANDLE AID sets up RECEIVE MAP! Not executed when encountered! In OLD Progs.

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There are over 70 CICS error Conditions Mercifully only a few are handled TWO Methods of handling exceptions:
HANDLE CONDITION (Old Method)
x Similar in function to HANDLE AID

RESPONSE Code checking

x Allows cleaner program structure

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MAPFAIL Condition
Raised by RECEIVE MAP with no data
x User entered no data but pressed AID key x User pressed CLEAR key or PA key

Simplest to PREVENT it from occurring

x Check EIBAID to see what key was pressed x Dont issue RECEIVE MAP if PA or CLEAR hit x Include DUMMY field with MDT set ON

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EXEC CICS HANDLE CONDITION condition(procedure-name) condition(procedure-name) up to 16 per statement END-EXEC

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Common CONDITIONS
DUPREC Record already exists MAPFAIL No data sent by user NOSPACE No space left in file NOTOPEN Data set not OPEN NOTFND Record not in file PGMIDERR Program not in PPT ERROR ALL conditions not coded

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EXEC CICS HANDLE CONDITION MAPFAIL(500-NO-DATA) DUPREC(600-DUPLICATE) NOTOPEN END-EXEC NOTE: Condition by itself will nullify it!

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Not an executable command Establishes paragraph to correct error Can issue multiple times Last one executed is in effect Causes GO TO to paragraph named Done BEFORE CICS Command executed OLD method of coding AVOID!

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ADD RESP option to CICS Command Define binary fullword PIC S9(8) COMP Name that field in each RESP option COPY of EIBRESP from EIB EIBRESP2 (RESP2) also available
Not many CICS Commands use it Seldom needed as RESP is usually enough

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Most shops have a standard error handling method If not, use sample linkage on Page 255 Sample program is on Page 257 Called whenever a condition is not handled in the program Displays error to user and terminates

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Used to access data left by previous execution of a program Data should be moved to your W/S! Each execution starts with initial W/S Define COMMAREA in Working-Storage DEFINE DFHCOMMAREA in Linkage RETURN references Working-Storage

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EIB definition added by CICS Compiler In Linkage Section after DFHCOMMAREA Contains several useful fields
EIBCALEN, EIBAID, EIBCPOSN, EIBDATE, EIBTIME, EIBTRNID, EIBTRMID, EIBRSRCE

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Most kept current by CICS (Page 258) You can update a few of them-EIBTRNID

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EIBCALEN EIBAID EIBCPOSN EIBDATE EIBTIME EIBTRNID EIBTRMID EIBRSRCE EIBDS

Length of COMMAREA Current AID Key pressed Position of CURSOR Task DATE (00YYDDD) Task Time (0HHMMSS) Transaction of Task Terminal ID of Task Recently used Resource Name Recently accessed Data Set
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EIBFN EIBRESP EIBRESP2 EIBRCODE EIBRSRCE

MAP PRG CTL FILE CTL

Last CICS Command Completion Status More Completion Status Response Code (OLD) Recent Resource Name
Map Name Program Name Data Set Name

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CWA CSA TWA TCTUA

Common Work Area

Installation defined (Sometimes handy)

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Common System Area Transaction Work Area Terminal Control Table User Area Must establish Addressability if needed

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EXEC CICS ADDRESS CWA(pointer) [ CSA(pointer) ] [ TWA(pointer) ] [ TCTUA(pointer) ] END-EXEC

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EXEC CICS ADDRESS CWA(ADDRESS OF CWA) END-EXEC NOTE: Holdovers from MACRO-Level CICS Seldom needed any more!

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