WELCOME

National Conference of Chief Registrars of Births and Deaths 27-28th January, 2005 Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi

Declining Child Sex Ratio

A REPORT ON SITUATION ANALYSIS CENSUS OF INDIA 2001

Suman Prashar Joint Director Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India 27TH January 2005

What is Sex Ratio ?

It is an index of male - female (im)balance in population. Sex ratio, in India, is defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the population.
Internationally sex ratio is defined as number of males per 100 females.

At the Census 2001, sex ratio of population stood at 933 females per 1000 males a marginal increase from 927 recorded at the 1991 Census

Population of India (in millions)

Census years 1901 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 Persons 238 361 439 548 683 846 1029 Males 121 186 226 284 353 439 532 Females 117 176 213 264 330 407 497

Census thus reveals that the deficit of women has risen from about 3.5 million in 1901 to 35 million in 2001

FEMALES PER 1000 MALES 980 970 960 950 940 930 920 910 900 1901 1911

SEX RATIO - INDIA

1921 1931 CENSUS YEARS 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

Child Sex Ratio

Child sex ratio, i.e., sex ratio in the age group 0 to 6 years is a powerful indicator to examine the SOCIAL RESPONSE and ATTITUDE towards the GIRL CHILD in recent past. The presentation of data on child sex ratio has shown a grim picture of the status of girl child in some parts of the country as per the Census of India 2001.

Child Sex Ratio

Census 1981 1991 2001 Total 962 945 927 Rural 963 948 934 Urban 931 935 906

Decline in child sex ratio from 945 in 1991 to 927 in 2001 has some what activated the political, legal and administrative set up of the country. However the Census findings should now be converted into a tangible action plan to help the cause of the girl child.

Analysis of Census Data It is clear that the sex ratio in the age group 0-6 has decreased at a much faster pace than the overall sex ratio of the country after 1981. The decreasing sex ratio in this child population perhaps has a cascading effect on the population over a period of time leading to diminishing sex ratio in the country
Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2001 India

Sex Ratio

By Birth

Mortality Migration Enumeration

A technical note on sex ratio

If it is accepted that the impact of differential sex selective undercount, age reporting and migration is negligible then, the sex ratio in the age-group 0-6 years will be principally influenced by : 1. Sex ratio at birth 2. Sex selective mortality at younger ages The sex ratio at birth is usually a biological constant with a value that lies between 943 to 954. As the male infant mortality is higher than female in normal populations, the child sex ratio would tend to increase and improve over the globally accepted constant.

Child Sex Ratio Total, SC, ST and General populations India 1991 and 2001
Population
Total

Year
1991 2001

Total
945 927 946 938 985 973 940 919

Rural Urban
948 934 947 941 986 974 943 925 935 906 943 924 971 951 933 902

Scheduled Castes

1991 2001

Scheduled Tribes

1991 2001

General (Total SC-ST)

1991 2001

Sex ratio of 0-6 population by religious communities and residence, India - 2001
Religious communities All Hindus Muslims Christians Sikhs Buddhists Jains Others Total
927 925 950 964 786 942 870 976

Rural
934 932 955 965 788 945 869 976

Urban
906 898 938 964 778 935 870 967

Scenario of Child Sex Ratio in major States : 1991-2001

Sl. No. State/UT
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

2001
798 819 868 883 896 908 909 913 916 932 942 942 946 953 960 961

1991
875 879 915 928 951 949 916 946 927 941 948 953 960 967 967 975

2001-1991
-77 -60 -47 -45 -55 -41 -7 -33 -11 -9 -6 -11 -14 -14 -7 -14

Punjab Haryana Delhi Gujarat Himachal Pradesh Uttaranchal Rajasthan Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Tamil Nadu Bihar Karnataka Orissa West Bengal Andhra Pradesh

 31 States/Uts registered decline in Child Sex Ratio during 2001 Alarming trends seen in some of the major States as Child sex ratio turned from bad to worse Only Kerala,Pondicherry and Lakshadweep have shown increasing trends between 1991-2001

Distribution of districts by ranges of Child Sex Ratio - India 1991 & 2001 Ranges of Child Sex Ratio (0-6) Total * Less than 800 800 - 849 850 - 899 900 - 949 950 - 999 1000 +
* : Excluding J & K

Census Years 1991 579 1 68 182 307 21 2001 579 14 31 71 212 246 5

India Child sex ratio in age group 0-6 (Districts)

D.N.A.

D. .A.

1991

2001

A
A

A
. f I i tt CHI ( ) ( ) ( ) ( . .( ) ( ) ( ) he cen u wa ( ) n t held in J & K

D.N.A. - Data Not Available

         !   #"     !    $          

No. of Distts (14) (33)

CHILD SEX RATIO BELOW 800 800 - 849 850 - 899 900 - 949 (N.A.-927) 950 - 999 1000 AND ABOVE

(71) (216) (251) (8)

D.N.A.

India Decline in child sex ratio During 1991-2001 (Districts)

A
No. of Distts DECLIN E IN CH ILD SEX R ATIO 50 AN D ABO VE (60) 40 - 49 (33) 31 - 39 (44) 30 AN D BELOW (340) NO D ECLIN E (102) (14) The 1991 census was not held in J & K

D.N.A. - Data Not Available

L A

K
S
H

A
D
W
E

P
S
E

Ni c o b a rs

Declined in 477 districts

1991 (875)

Punjab Child sex ratio in age group 0-6 (Districts)

2001 (798)

G r das p r

G rdasp r
Hoshiarp r

Amritsar a p rthala

Hoshiarp r Amritsar Kap rthala

a landhar

Nawanshahr

K Jalandhar Nawanshahr

R p nagar

M ktsar

a p r thala P Patiala

'

% &%

CHILD SEX RATIO BELOW 800 K Kap rthala 800 - 849 P Patiala 850 - 899 900 - 949 950 - 999 1000 AND ABOVE

%)& ( %

B t i

Firozp r Bathinda

Sangr r Patiala

Mansa P

M k tsar

' &%

Firozp r

gr r Patiala

Fat hgarh Sahib

Fat g ar Sahib

Faridkot

Moga

L dhiana

Fari k ot

R pnagar

Moga

(0

)'

h iana

'

'

'

' 1

'

'

' 11

'

Haryana Child sex ratio in age group 0-6 (Districts) 1991 (879) 2001 (819)
Panc hkula Y am un a n ag a r Yam un aAm bala nag ar P an c hku la

A m ba la

Kuru ksh etra Kaitha l Sirsa Fat hab ad Panipa t Sonipa t Roht ak Bhiw ani Jhajjar B hiw an i H is ar

K uru k sh etr a

K aith a l Karn al K a rn a l S irsa Fat e hab ad P an ip a t S o nipa t R oht a k Jha jjar

R w ari

Jind His ar

Jind

M ahe ndra gar h

G rg aon Farid a bad

d ra ga r h CHILD SEX RATIO R ew ar i BELOW 800 800 - 849 850 - 899 900 - 949 950 - 999 1000 AND ABOVE

M ah e n-

G urg a on F ar id a b ad

1991 (915)
o rth

Delhi Child sex ratio in age group 0-6 (Districts) 2001 (868)
D C D C
e t o rth

orth

o rth a t

e t C ent ral ew e lhi a t

e t Central ew elhi

Sou th e t

South e t
Sou th

South

GI

CHIL

SEX RATIO BELO 800 800 - 849 850 - 899 900 - 949 950 - 999 1000 A ABOVE

9 @

9 @ 7

A 7

9 8

9 8

9 8

7 D E D E B

F B

B D C

e t orth

orth a t

a t

1991 (923)
ana Kantha RANN OF KACHCHH Patan ahe ana Kachchh

Gujarat Child sex ratio in age group 0-6 (Districts) 2001

h h g g

(883)
U U T T
RANN OF KACHCHH

ana Kantha

Kachchh

Kheda

Ja na ar

Por andar

Juna adh

Surat

av ari

al ad

CHILD SEX RATIO BELOW 800 800 - 849 850 - 899 900 - 949 950 - 999 1000 AND ABOVE

h r

h i i

US b US b a a

he an

av ari al ad

hf u t t

reli

Juna adh

ed ed

havna ar

reli Surat

f f

g g

U V U Y U Y

Por andar

haruch

havna a r

g g

arada

haruch

e r

ajkot

Ja na ar

adodara

ajkot ar ada

i i

nand

d d

f e f e

Surendrana ar

ohad

Kheda

nand adodara

he an

R Y

h ada ad

Panch ahal

Surendrana ar

h h

q q

p p

e d e d

andhi na ar

h ada ad

s s V V

h h

q q

Sa ar Kantha

ahe ana andhi na ar

p p

Patan

Sa ar Kantha

W W

S S

Q Q

RQ Q S

X S T R RQ P S S S R S R

Panch ahal

ohad

W W

Maharashtra Child sex ratio in age group 0-6 (Districts) 2001 1991 (946)
Nandurbar Nagpur Gondiya Bhan dara Dhule Amravati Jalgaon Akola Buldana Nashik Aurangaba Thane Mumbai (Suburban) Mumbai Pune Raigarh Osmanabad Latur Hingoli Jalna Parbhani Bid Nanded Gadchiroli Washim

(913)
Nandurbar Amravati Jalgaon Akola Buldana Nashik Aurangaba Thane Mumbai (Suburban) Mumbai Pune Raigarh Osmanabad Latur Hingoli Jalna Parbhani Bid Nanded Gadchiroli Washim
Chandrapur

Nagpur

Dhule

Gondiya Bhan dara

Wardha

avatmal

Ahmadnaga

Ahmadnaga

Solapur
Solapur Satara Ratnagiri

Satara Ratnagiri Sangli

Sangli Kolhapur

Sindhudurg

CHILD SEX RATIO BELOW 800 800 - 849 850 - 899 900 - 949 950 - 999 1000 AND ABOVE

Kolhapur Sindhudurg

w v

ardha

avatmal

Chandrapur

Tamil Nadu Child sex ratio in age group 0-6 (Districts)

2001 (942) 1991 (948)
V e ll o r e Tiru v a n a m a la i Dh a rm a p u ri K a n c he e p u ra m T h i r u v a ll u r Chennai

Thiru va llu r

Chen na Vellore Tiruvan a ma la i Dharmap uri Ka nc hee pu ram

Vilu ppu ram

V i lu p p u r a m Sa le m Th e N il g ir i s Ero d e Nam akkal C o im b a t o r Kapur C u d d a lo r e Pe ra m b al u r A r iy a lu r T i r u c hi r a p p a l li T h a n j av u r

Salem Th e Nilgiris Erod e Na makk al

N a g a pa t t i n a m

Cudd alore Pera mba lur Ariya lu r Tiruc hira p palli Tha njav ur P udu kko tta i

Na ga pattinam

Coimba tor Ka pu r

Na ga pattinam Thiru va rur

N a g a pa t t i n a m T h i r u v a ru r

Din digu l

D i nd i g u l

P u d ukk o t t a i

The ni
The ni M a d u ra i S iv a ga n g a

Mad ura i

Sivagan ga

V i ru d h u nagar

Ra m a n a th a p u ra m

To o th u kkudi T i r u n el v e l i

K a n n iy a k u m a ri

CHILD SEX RATIO BELOW 800 800 - 849 850 - 899 900 - 949 950 - 999 1000 AND ABOVE

Virudh una gar

Rama nathap ura m

Too thu kk udi Tirun elve li Ka nn iya k uma ri

Child sex ratio in selected cities ward wise

Agra Municipal Corporation Child sex ratio in age group 0-6 (Wards)
19 26 66 78 45 22 48 55 70 33 27 1 43 4 74 38 14 49 18 2 47 8 71 39 11 32 72 57 42 9 10 77 75 63 35 25 28 73 51 79 62 5 17 59 61

31

23

64 44 37 58 67 29 6 21

15 56 36 76 80 41 69 30 7

12

54 40 52 60 65 53 16

13

CANTONMENT AREA
34 46 68 50 20

CHI

EX RATIO BELOW 800 800 - 849 850 - 899 900 - 949 950 - 999 1000 AND ABOVE

24

Ahmadabad Municipal Corporation Child sex ratio in age group 0-6 (Wards)
15

24

CANT N MENT AREA

13 12 11 16 4 9 10 5 6 7 8 37 40 39 36 33 41 38 17 3 2 29 1 30 31 32 14 18 20 22 21 28

27 23 25

39 43 42

26

34 35

CHIL

SE RATIO BELOW 800 800 - 849 850 - 899 900 - 949 950 - 999 1000 AND ABOVE

Delhi Child sex ratio in age group 0-6 (Wards)

CA N T ON ME N T AR EA

CHILD SE RATIO BELOW 800 800 - 849 850 - 899 900 - 949 950 - 999 1000 AND ABOVE DATA NOT AVAILABLE ( W-50,85)

Child sex ratio situation in villages of selected states

Distribution of villages by ranges of Child Sex Ratio, 1991 & 2001 Census : PUNJAB Ranges of Child Sex Ratio (0-6) Less than 800 800 - 849 850 - 899 Number of villages 2001 1991 6376 1621 1263 882 813 1323 Total 12278 3853 1464 1655 1402 1360 2694 12428

Less than 900

900 - 949 950 - 999 1000 +

9260 (75%) 6972(56%)

Distribution of villages by ranges of Child Sex Ratio, 1991 & 2001 Census : HARYANA Ranges of Child Sex Ratio (0-6) Less than 800 800 - 849 850 - 899 Number of villages 2001 1991 2965 1236 1010 1330 749 886

Less than 900

900 - 949 950 - 999 1000 + Total

5211(77%)
624 433 496 6764

2965(57%)
738 565 934 5202

Distribution of villages by ranges of Child Sex Ratio, 1991 & 2001 Census : MAHARASHTRA Ranges of Child Sex Ratio (0-6) Less than 800 800 - 849 850 - 899 Number of villages 2001 1991 8763 4310 5216 6884 3210 4346

Less than 900

900 - 949 950 - 999 1000 + Total

18289(45%)
5105 5165 12536 41095

14440(36%)
5042 5761 15169 40412

Distribution of villages by ranges of Child Sex Ratio, 1991 & 2001 Census : GUJARAT Ranges of Child Sex Ratio (0-6) Less than 800 800 - 849 850 - 899 Number of villages 2001 1991 3859 2157 2586 3069 1755 2235

Less than 900

900 - 949 950 - 999 1000 + Total

8602(48%)
2516 2255 4693 18066

7059(39%)
2465 2514 5987 18025

The situation at tahsil or taluk level ?

D.N.A.

India Child sex ratio in age group 0-6 (Sub-Districts)

CHILD SE RATIO BELOW 800 800 - 849 850 - 899 900 - 949 950 - 999 1000 AND ABOVE

D.N.A. - Data Not A vailabl

Implications resulting from Census Data

... One thing is clear- the imbalance that has set at the early age-group is difficult to be removed and would remain to haunt the population for a long time to come. To say the least, demographically the sex ratio of 927 of the population in the age-group 0-6 does not augur well for the future of the country specially girl child.

What can we do?

Can we wait for the next census in 2011 to tell whether the sex ratio at birth have improved or further deteriorated ? DEFINITELY NOT. The answer lies in monitoring sex ratio at birth from the CIVIL REGISTRATION DATA, which gives monthly report for any administrative level. Instructions have been already issued in this regard by the Registrar General India, to all the CHIEF REGISTRARS OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS in the state for monitoring the monthly sex ratio at birth and disseminate this data back to the public and governments for timely intervention.

Sex Ratio at birth, India and bigger states 2000-2002(SRS)

Sl. No. State/UT Total Sl. population No. State/UT Total population

INDIA
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

892 775 804 844 826 864 870 890 899

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

KERALA MADHYA PRADESH TAMIL NADU ORISSA ASSAM ANDHRA PRADESH WEST BENGAL KARNATAKA

911 920 926 944 945 945 949 952

PUNJAB HARYANA GUJARAT HIMACHAL PRADESH UTTAR PRADESH BIHAR RAJASTHAN MAHARASHTRA

Keeping a vigil on Sex Ratio at Birth

Sex Ratio at Birth (Institutional) Few selected States Sex Ratio at Birth

States
Delhi Gujarat Haryana Maharashtra Pondicherry Tamil Nadu Uttar Pradesh

No. of Hospitals 21 38 28 30 6 12 75

2000 859 801 792 877 931 899 870

2001 863 767 825 869 946 935 861

2002 871 818 815 888 928 902 881

2003 887 821 856 N.A. 911 N.A. N.A.

Number of Births 6.7, 7.0 and 7.2 lakhs from 2000 to 2002 respectively. In 2003 it is slightly above 1 lakh.

Se Ratio at Birth ( nstitutional) - Delhi

Se Ratio at Birth ( emales er 1000 males)
960 940 920 900 880 860 840 820 800 780 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

93 91 901 893 88 862 84 833 8 862 862 8 0 88

Years

TEN YEAR AVERAGE 866 (1994-2003)

Delhi Govt. should monitor and disseminate SRB to avoid further deterioration and for timely intervention

Reported Sex Ratio at birth MC Delhi by zones January to June 2004 MC Delhi all Zones 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 City Zone Karol Bagh Zone Civil Zone Sahadara South Zone West Zone Sadar Paharganj Zone Narela Zone Sahadara North Zone Central Zone Najafgarh Zone Rohini Zone South Zone 819 910 850 838 833 831 811 808 806 805 792 784 762

Response & Actions to Census Findings

Government of Haryana acts ..

Efforts by Punjab Government

Publicity Poster New Years Greeting Card

Special Logo

GOVT. OF DELHI

Issue of birth, survival and development of Girl Child

Monitoring of Sex Ratio at Birth through CRS needs to be intensified and sustained Complete registration of Births and Deaths specially of girls Reduction of Infant, Child, Maternal Mortality Rates Immunization, Nutrition, health care Enculturation process and change in mind sets in bringing up of the Girl Child . Skewed Sex Ratio of young population and high sex ratio in the elderly population Demographic balance of the population is very crucial for equitable socio-economic relationship

Am I alone in this crusade?

No. The Government and the civilised society is responding. Slowly but surely to save the girl child and restore balance .

JOIN ME

LET US RETURN THEIR SMILE

Thanks