Threatens

the marine

wildlife. A risk that involves to a lost of vast number breed of fish altogether.

Dynamite

or blast

fishing Muroami Cyanide Fishing

The practice of using explosives to stun or kill schools of fish for easy collection. This often illegal practice can be extremely destructive to the surrounding ecosystem, as the explosion often destroys the underlying habitat (such as coral reefs) that supports the fish.

Dynamite Fishing in Tanzania [ Courtesy of Youtube]

The Muro Ami Fishing Techniques employed on coral reefs in Southeast Asia, uses an encircling net together with pounding devices. These devices usually comprise large stones fitted on ropes that are pounded onto the coral reefs.

Cyanide Fishing

CYANIDE FISHING IS A METHOD OF COLLECTING LIVE FISH MAINLY FOR USE IN AQUARIUMS, WHICH INVOLVES SPRAYING A SODIUM CYANIDE MIXTURE INTO THE DESIRED FISH'S HABITAT IN ORDER TO STUN THE FISH. THE PRACTICE HURTS NOT ONLY THE TARGET POPULATION, BUT ALSO MANY OTHER MARINE ORGANISMS, INCLUDING CORAL AND THUS CORAL REEFS.

CYANIDE FISHING IS PRACTICED MAINLY IN SALTWATER FISHING REGIONS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA. SINCE THE PRACTICE WAS NEVER WIDELY PUBLICIZED OR OFFICIALLY APPROVED, ITS ORIGINS ARE UNCERTAIN, BUT IT IS BELIEVED TO HAVE ORIGINATED IN THE 1950S IN THE PHILIPPINES.

Trading of different species of marine animals including the endangered species which is said to be illegal.

Illegal Coral Trading

INTRO:
Humans are actively destroying the coral reef ecosystems on our earth. Reefs are overfished, bombed and poisoned, smothered by sediment, and choked by algae growing on nutrient rich sewage and fertilizer run-off. They are damaged by irresponsible tourism and are being severely stressed by the warming of the world's oceans. Some 58 percent of the world's reefs are reported as threatened by human activities.

Causes:
Colourful fish flitting around rocks are both eyecatching and soothing. Surely this is the rationale for placing an aquarium in a waiting room or office. Restaurants also make popular locations. Not to mention all the homes that have fishy residents, from modest goldfish bowl to luxurious wall installation. While freshwater tanks can be cheaper and require less specialized equipment, saltwater aquaria are increasing in popularity. However, some sea creatures are part of an illegal trade network.

Effects:
Unfortunately, only some corals are raised in captivity or through aquaculture. Many of them are taken from living reefs to supply the increased demand. In the UK, large numbers of rare corals have been found while in transit through British airports.

Oil Spill

An oil spill is a release of a liquid petroleum into the environment due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. The term often refers to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal . Oil spills include releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms, drilling rigs and wells, as well as spills of refined petroleum products (such as gasoline, diesel) and their by-products, and heavier fuels used by large ships such as bunker fuel, or the spill of any oily refuse or waste oil. Spills may take months or even years to clean up.

Water Pollution

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers , oceans and groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.

Water pollution in Pasig River

Effects of Water Pollution

y It damages the food chain y Infectious diseases such as cholera and

typhoid can be contracted from drinking contaminated water. y Pollutants in the water alter the over all chemistry of water, causing a lot of changes in temperature. These factors overall have had an adverse effect on marine life and pollutes and kills marine life.

Eutrophication is the addition of artificial or natural substances, such as nitrates and phosphates , through fertilizers or sewage , to an aquatic system. In other terms, it is the "bloom" or great increase of phytoplankton in a water body. Negative environmental effects include hypoxia, the depletion of oxygen in the water, which induces reductions in specific fish and other animal populations. Other species (such as Nemopilema nomurai jellyfish in Japanese waters) may experience an increase in population that negatively affects other species.

A Eutrophic lake: has had increased algal blooming due to high amounts of phosphorus.

Effects of Eutrophication
The decomposition of the algae fuels bacterial growth, whose metabolism consumes oxygen. This become a problem because this unaturally high rate of oxygen consumption decreases the dissolved oxygen, on which marine life is dependent, and it does so at a rate much higher then the rate of water aeration.

SOLUTIONS
1.Discipline. 2. Dont throw your garbage in rivers, lakes, streams, seas, and etc. 3.There must be marine guards or specific people that protect marine life and the marine black market must be traced. And the sentence to people involved in any kind of smuggling marine life should be high like life sentence without fine so people will be discouraged in using marine life as illegal business. 4.Be a responsible citizen of earth.

Laws that applies in Marine Life Protection

y Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act.

(a) to conserve and protect wildlife species and their habitats to promote ecological balance and enhance biological diversity; (b) to regulate the collection and trade of wildlife; (c) to pursue, with due regard to the national interest, the Philippine commitment to international conventions, protection of wildlife and their habitats; and (d) to initiate or support scientific studies on the conservation of biological diversity.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8550 : The Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998

y a. to achieve food security as the overriding consideration in the

utilization, management, development conservation and protection of fishery resources in order to provide the food needs of the population. A flexible policy towards the attainment of food security shall be adopted in response to changes in demographic trends for fish, emerging trends in the trade of fish and other aquatic products in domestic and international markets, and the law of supply and demand; y b. to limit access to the fishery and aquatic resources of the Philippines for the exclusive use and enjoyment of Filipino citizens; y c. to ensure the rational and sustainable development, management and conservation of the fishery and aquatic resources in Philippine water including the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and in the adjacent high seas, consistent with the primordial objective of maintaining a sound ecological balance, protecting and enhancing the quality of the environment;

y d. to protect the rights of fisherfolk, especially of the local

communities with priority to municipal fisherfolk, in the preferential use of the municipal waters. Such preferential use, shall be based on, but not limited to, Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) or Total Allowable Catch (TAC) on the basis of resources and ecological conditions, and shall be consistent with our commitments under international treaties and agreement; y e. to provide support to the fishery sector, primarily to the municipal fisherfolk, including women and youth sectors, through appropriate technology and research, adequate financial, production, construction of post-harvest facilities,marketing assistance, and other services. The he protection of municipal fisherfolk against foreign intrusion shall extend to offshore fishing grounds. Fishworkers shall receive a just share for their labor in the utilization of marine and fishery resources

THATS ALL!

FISH ARE FRIENDS NOT FOOD

- Bruce from Finding Nemo

PRESENTED TO YOU BY: GROUP 3 : BIOTICS

THE END