My Hometown

To ask and describe places and facilities To practice using relative clauses To practice using reduced forms of relative clauses

Warm-up
General Knowledge Quiz
1.

Thailand, which used to be called Siam, lies in the . of Asia.

c. southeast

2. ... % of Thai people are Buddhist. b. 95

3. The highest point of Thailand, which is in the north, is b. Doi Inthanon

4. Thailand has a population of about million people. a. 60

5. Ayuthaya, which is a Ayuthaya, former capital city, was destroyed by a. Myanmar

6. Now there are provinces in Thailand. b. 77

7. , who was one of the kings in the Ratanakosin Period, was a Buddhist monk for 27 years. b. King Rama IV

8. The rainy season falls between c. June and October

9. Bangkok, which is the present capital city of Thailand, was founded after b. Thonburi

10. 10. The occupation group which is the largest in Thailand is in b. agriculture

Think of some basic information about your hometown and share it with your friends and your teacher.

5. Compare the following version with the one above and try to find the differences . I am from Rome. Rome, Rome, which is in Italy, is a Italy, magnificent capital where there are many people. people. It usually has nice weather because it is close to the sea.

A lot of famous thing which tourists usually like to see can be found there. Rome also has many beautiful parks which are Romans favorite places . places. Romans are relaxed people whom you can easily make friends with . with.

I usually find a new friend in a caf which is a good place to relax and chat. chat. If you come to Rome, I am certain that you will love it like I do.

Thirty miles from the edge of the world, where the wind always blows, there is a quiet little village called Green Valley. The second name of this village, which is often used among villagers, is Two blinks.

Little change can be found in this village, whose village, population has increased very little. This place doesnt mean much to most people who just pass through it, but to me it is my home always waiting for my return.

I always miss the blissful time of harvest season when people gather together and help each other. Whenever I am ready to have some fun, I can easily find my friends, friends , whom I have played with since I was young.

Green Valley is a place where children grow up and learn how to work hard and play even harder. Besides, the open house doors , doors, which nobody locks, show the feeling of complete security in the village. /

Language analysis
3 . Sometimes who (whom), which, and that can be omitted. Can you find the sentences where these words are omitted?

It is the place I love. (It is the place which/that I love.)

4. Study the following examples:

a. but to me it is my home always waiting for my return. return . b. there is a quiet little village called Green Valley. Valley. active meaning = a. Passive meaning = b.

Relative Pronouns
WHO

Whats the name of the tall man? He just came in. Whats the name of the tall man who just came in.

( Who = subject of the second clause)

Relative Pronouns
WHOM This is Ms Rogers. You met her last year. This is Ms Rogers whom you met last year.

( Whom = object of the second clause)

Relative Pronouns
WHICH Ive got a book. It might interest you. Ive got a book which might interest you.

( Which = subject of the second clause)

Relative Pronouns
WHICH Ive found the paper. You were looking for it. it . Ive found the paper which you were looking for.

( Which = object of the second clause)

One subject or object is enough.

Heres the book which you asked for it. it . Heres the book which you asked for.

We use who / whom for people and which for things.

Shes the person which can do anything. Shes the person who can do anything.

Its a machine who can do anything. Its a machine which can do anything.

Defining relative clauses

Some relative clauses define nouns. They tell us which person or thing is meant.
Whats the name of the tall man who just came in ?

Whose is the car thats parked outside ?

Non-defining relative clauses

Other relative clauses do not define. define . They tell us more about a person or thing that is already defined. This is Ms Rogers, whom you met last year . year.

Have you seen my new car, which I bought last wee k? week?

Non-defining relative clauses are separated from the rest of the sentence by commas (, ,). Defining relative clauses do not have commas.
Compare: The woman who does my hair has moved to another hairdressers. Dorothy, Dorothy , who does my hair, has moved to another hairdressers.

We use that instead of which only in defining relative clauses.

Ive got a book which might interest you. OR Ive got a book

that

might interest you.

Have you got a map which shows all the motorways? OR Have you got a map

that

shows all the motorways?

In an informal style, we also use that instead of who(m).

Theres the woman who works in the photographers. OR Theres the woman the photographers.

that works in

You remember the boy whom I was talking about? OR You remember the boy talking about?

that I was

We can only leave out the object in defining relative clauses.

Compare:

that you drank last night The whisky cost 500 baht a bottle.
I gave him a large glass of whisky , whisky, he drank at once. ( NOT whisky, that he drank) NOTwhisky, ( NOT whisky, he drank)

which

Underline the relative pronouns which can be left out in these sentences.
1.

The book that John was reading was a bit frightening. The travel agency which sold me the ticket was near my office.

2.

Underline the relative pronouns which can be left out in these sentences.
3 . In the end, our holiday was the best that we had ever had. 4 . The dentist who I go to isnt very expensive. 5 . The film which we saw last week was much better than this one. 6 . The people who were leaving couldnt find their coats. 7 . The garden, which wasnt very large, was full of flowers.

Decide whether the clause in italics is Defining or Non-defining.

1.

The girl who was waiting was D becoming impatient. _______________ The room, which was enormous, was enormous , filled with lines of chairs. __________ N The students, who were late, waited late , in the playground. ________________ N The food which was left was eaten the following day. _________________

2.

3.

4.

Decide whether the clause in italics is Defining or Non-defining.

5 . A tall girl, who was wearing a hat, hat , came into the room. _____________ N 6 . The dog, which was lying on the sofa, sofa , had long pointed ears. ______ N 7 . The train which leaves at 8 . 00 doesnt stop at Bath. ____________ D

Practice 2 (page 6)
1.

Choose an appropriate relative clause from a given pair (a or b) to fill in each sentence.

a 1 . King James Is bible _________ is still a best seller in its revised version.

2 . He wrote most of his books in Latin, and the only one __________ was the b Temple.

a 3 . Jims assistant __________ was my old friend. b 4 . The assistant __________ was Jane Carr!

5 .. Five policemen were killed by the woman _________________________. a 6 . The journalists took the picture of Joe Truman ____________. b 7 . The thing __________ must be very b important. 8 . Titanic ___________ was not the best movie Ive seen.
a

2. Use the information given in the box to complete the sentences in the text. Put commas where needed.
An eye - witness has come forward to eyee identify the car 1 )__________. The c witness 2 ) ______________ stated that the car 3 ) _____________ had navy h blue or black paint and a broken, passengerpassenger- side tail- light. The driver tail b 4 ) __________ appeared to be a middlemiddle - aged, white male of average size. This man was apparently alone.

According to the witness, the car struck the pedestrian, lurched slightly, then sped on, turning right on Hicory a Street 5 ) _______________. The police have closed off the area 6 ) f ________________, and traffic will be rerouted until this afternoon, 7 ) _____________. Meanwhile, they are d seeking information from anyone else g 8 ) _______________ or the car that was in the accident.

WHEN and WHERE

Can you tell me a time when youll be free? (=.a (=. a time at which.) which .)

I know a place where you can find delicious strawberries. (=a (= a place at which/in which )

WHOSE is a possessive relative word. It is a determiner, like his, her, its or their.
Compare: I saw a girl. Her hair came down to her waist.

whose I saw a girl down to her waist.

hair

came

This is Susan. You met her sister last week.

whose This is Susan, met last week.

sister

you

Practice 1
1.

Read these sentences and cross out the relative pronouns which can be omitted.

For example: She didnt want to buy the shoes which were on sale. Jim wants to read the books which he borrowed from the library.
1. 2.

I cant find the prints that the customer ordered. The chair which was broken has now been repaired. The hotel where we are staying is miles away from the beach.

3.

4 . Ive found the report which you are looking for. 5 . Wheres the umbrella that you brought with you? 6 . The boy whom he is carrying is unconscious. 7 . People who are not tall enough cannot join the police force. 8 . There are some things that I want to discuss with you. 9 . My sister whose leg is injured can run faster than me. 10. 10 . The picture which was stolen belongs to our family.

2. Fill in each blank with who, whom, which, where, or whose. If the word can be omitted, put it in parentheses ( ).
1.

which The bank _____________ is located in the center of the town is the biggest one.

where 2 . This is the house ______________ Shakespeare was born. where 3 . I know the Italian restaurant ______________ his brother works as a chef. which 4 . Susie is studying geology ___________________ she finds very fascinating.

who 5 . Shes a teacher ___________________ never overlooks tiny mistakes. whom 6 . The teacher _______________ I liked best at school lives in a remote province.

whom 7 . The man _________________ my mother met this morning is a superstar.

which 8 . The Sky Building, ___________________ the terrorists destroyed, was very beautiful.

( which ) my 9 . They are talking about the trip _________________

mom has just been on.

whom 10. 10 . Jim is a student __________________ almost all teachers can remember.
11. 11 . Lets visit the garden

where __________________

you can see the imported plants.

12. 12 . My sisters house in the north is the place

where _____________________ I feel most at home.

( whi h ) 13. 13 . He loves everything ________________ you do

for him.

( whi h ) 14. 14 . At last, I can find the apartment ________________

I want.

( whom ) my best 15. 15 . Shes the woman __________________

friend has fallen in love with.

Language Focus 3
Reduced Form of Relative Clauses
All the students who are leaving tomorrow must give back their books. All the students who are leaving tomorrow must give back their books. I sent a card to the girl who was living across the street. I sent a card to the girl who living across the street.

was

The tables which were made in China belong to my father. The tables which were made in China belong to my father. The boy who is sitting next to Helen is my brother. The boy who is sitting next to Helen is my brother.

The children who live next door are my friends. The children who live next door are my friends. living The train which goes to Brighton leaves from here. The train which goes to Brighton leaves from here. going