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Why CNC ?
Greater Automation Productivity.. Improved quality & accuracy of manufactured parts.. Repeatability Flexibility to manufacture complex jobs... Reduced scrap rate ..
Reduced manpower
CNC Turning Centre CNC Milling Machine CNC Horizontal Machining Centre (HMC) CNC Grinder CNC Drilling Machine CNC Gear Cutting Machine CNC Turret Punch Press
Same configuration as VMC but vertical spindle head replaced by an indexable tool turret. Automatic selection of tool by indexing turret. Facilitates machining on sides of cubical components.
Note : TMC eliminated manual tool change. It also introduced a large tool magazine and Auto Tool Changer (ATC) for automatic transfer of tools from the magazine to the spindle and vice-versa.
It can perform machining on different faces of a cubical or prismatic component. Both VMC and HMC introduces a Automatic Pallet Changer (APC) to set the job on the machine table. Next piece of work could be loaded or set on the additional APC while the machine is busy in cutting the previous work piece. After the machining , the pallet with the finished work piece and the pallet on APC having a raw component could be exchanged automatically.
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Value wise contents of mechanical and electronic software and hardware in different manufacturing facilities
CNC SYSTEMS
CNC System (Controller) Drives. Servo Motors Actuators Sensors/ Feedback devices.
CNC SYSTEM
MACHINE TOOL
MACHINE TOOL
SYSTEM KEYBOARD
AXES DRIVES
AXES MOTORS WITH POSITION & VELOCITY FEEDBACK SPINDLE MOTOR WITH POSITION & VELOCITY FFEDBACK
SPINDLE CONTROLLER
SPINDLE DRIVE
OUTPUTS INPUTS
SWITCHING ELEMENTS
DAC
M
Lead screw
Accumulated feedback
Counter
VELOCITY FEEDBACK
POSITION FEEDBACK
CNC SYSTEM
DRIVES
Mechanical Features:
Ball Lead Screws. Linear Bearings. Improved Guide ways. Timing Belts. Curvic Coupling.
Smooth Linear Motion. Low starting friction. Wear resistant. Very Low Backlash.
Smooth Linear Motion. Low starting friction. Wear resistant. Very Low Backlash.
Timing Belt
Curvic Coupling
MOP
I/O devices
AXIS FUNCTIONS
y y y
SPINDLE FUNCTIONS
y y y
TOOL SELECTION / TURRET INDEXING WORKPIECE CLAMPING / PALLET CHANGING COOLANT ON / OFF LUBRICATION ON / OFF MACHINE TOOL SAFETY INTERLOCK
SYSTEM TYPES
o o o
CNC SYSTEMS
MAN FACT RER MAN FACT RER CO NTRY CO NTRY MODEL MODEL
. .S. A S. A
ALLEN BRADLEY ALLEN BRADLEY 8610, 8650, 9/PC 8610, 8650, 9/PC
S. A . .S. A SPAIN
FAGOR
FAN C FAN C FAN C INDIA HEIDENHAIN
SPAIN
JAPAN INDIA JAPAN GERMANY FRANCE
FAN C INDIA
SIEMENS
N M
INDIA
FAN C 0 , 0i
GERMANY
GERMANY JAPAN
TNC 155, 426, 430 M64 CNC, F SION 640, MPL S, TPL S AND 600 SERIES. GSK980TDa., GSK983M
CHINA
SIEMENS
GERMANY
JAPAN
AXIS CONTROL
Feed rates.
SPINDLE CONTROL
Maximum Spindle Speed.
Operating Features
Basic Operating Modes:
JOG MODE
Manual movement of axes Manually select the tool. Manually move the axes Find the tool offset
MDI MODE
AUTO MODE
Inch / Metric Programming Absolute / Incremental Programming Linear / Circular / Helical / Spiral Interpolation Full Circle Programming Canned Cycles
System Keyboard - Feed & Edit a Programme. Machine Control Panel - For controlling the machine parameters.
Communication Features
Compensation Features
Diameter Compensation
Emergency Stop
Axis Overtravel
Power Up Diagnostics
Configuration of CNC System: A CNC system basically consists of the following: Central Processing Unit (CPU) Servo-control Unit (NC) Operator Control Panel Machine Control Panel Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
CNC PROGRAMMING
Basic steps in CNC machining: i) First, prepare the program from part drawing (ii) Read the part program to the CNC system (iii) Mount the workpiece & tool on the machine (iv) Execute the program
PROGRAMMING CODES: G Preparatory code (Tool movement related function.) F Feed function T Tool No. D Tool offset. M Misc. code (for ON/OFF Function) S Spindle rpm (for spindle rotation)
G - CODES
G-codes are used to move the tool or axes by Program.
G 00 Rapid travel. G 01 Linear interpolation. G 02 Circular interpolation clock-wise. G 03 - Circular interpolation anti-clockwise. G 04 Dwell time. G 20 Inch data input G 21 Metric data input. G 22 Stored stroke check on. G 23 - Stored stroke check off.
G 27 Reference point return check.
G 30 Return to second reference point. G 31 Skip function. G 32 Thread function. G 36 Automatic tool compensation X G 37 - Automatic tool compensation Z
G 40 Tool nose radius compensation cancel
G 90 Absolute dimensioning. G 91 Incremental dimensioning. G 98 Feed rate in mm/min. G 99 - Feed rate in mm/rev.
Thread Cutting(straight)
Feed Function
Coordinate system
Setting of coordinate system : When coordinate zero point is set at chuck face
Setting of coordinate system : When coordinate zero point is set at work end face
Absolute Command
Incremental Command
Diameter Programming
Radius Programming
Cutting speed
FEED:
Miscellaneous function
Program configuration
Block configuration
Program configuration
PROGRAMMING CODES: G Preparatory code (Tool movement related function.) F Feed function T Tool No. D Tool offset. M Misc. code (for ON/OFF Function) S Spindle rpm (for spindle rotation)
G - CODES
G-codes are used to move the tool or axes by Program.
G 00 Rapid travel. G 01 Linear interpolation. G 02 Circular interpolation clock-wise. G 03 - Circular interpolation anti-clockwise. G 04 Dwell time. G 20 Inch data input G 21 Metric data input. G 22 Stored stroke check on. G 23 - Stored stroke check off.
G 27 Reference point return check.
G 30 Return to second reference point. G 31 Skip function. G 32 Thread function. G 36 Automatic tool compensation X G 37 - Automatic tool compensation Z
G 40 Tool nose radius compensation cancel
G 90 Absolute dimensioning. G 91 Incremental dimensioning. G 98 Feed rate in mm/min. G 99 - Feed rate in mm/rev.
M 17 Sub-program end. M 19 Spindle orientation. M 30 Main program end & rewind M98 Subprogram call M99 Subprogram end
7. A raw
material of size: 40 and 60 mm. length is supplied to you . Make a CNC part program for step turning of the given job as shown in the diagram.
38 36
20
10
Step Turning: O 0001; N10 G21 G99 ; ; N30 T01 D01 M06 ; N40 S1000 M03 ; N50 G00 X41.0 ; N60 G00 Z0.0 ; N70 G01 X0.0 F1.0 ;
N80 G00 Z5.0 ; N90 G00 X41.0 ; N100 G00 Z0.0 ; N110 G01 X38.0 F1.0 ; N120 G01 Z-30.0 ; G130 G01 X41.0 F1.0 ; G140 G00 Z0.0 ; G150 G01 X36.0 F1.0 ; N160 G01 Z-10.0 F1.0 ; N170 G01 X41.0 F1.0 ; N180 G00 Z0.0 ; N190 G28 U0 W0 ; N200 M05 ; N219 M30 .
THANK YOU