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Chapter 1
Introduction to the Computer-Based Information System
Information Management
Information:
The most valuable resource
Physical
Conceptual
Levels of Managers
s
Environmental
Internal
Summary
Detail
Managers Can Be Found on All Levels and in All Functional Areas of the Firm
Strategic planning level Management Control Level Operational Control Level
Finance Function Human Resources Function Information Services Function Manufacturing Function Marketing Function
Management
Control Level
Operational
Control Level
Plan
Direct
Control
Organize
Plan
Control
Staff
Organize
Direct
Staff
Plan
Staff Organize
Control
Direct
Interpersonal roles
Figurehead Leader Liaison Monitor Disseminator Spokesperson
Decisional roles
Entrepreneur Disturbance handler Resource allocator Negotiator
Informational roles
Management Skills
s
Computer Reports Noncomputer reports Letters & Memos Electronic mail Periodicals
Internal Sources
Written Media
Problem Solving
Scheduled Meetings Unscheduled Meetings Telephone Voice Mail Tours Business Meals
External Sources
Oral Media
Management Knowledge
s
System Components -Component parts of a system that can control its own operations
Objectives
Control mechanism
Input
Transformation
Output
Open-loop System
Input
Transformation
Output
Open system
Connected to its environment by means of resource flows
Closed system
Not connected to its environment
Systems
System
Subsystem A
Subsystem B
Elemental Part C
Subsystem A-1
Subsystem B-1
Subsystem A-2
Subsystem B-2
Subsystem A-3
Elemental part B1
Physical system
The business firm Composed of physical resources
Conceptual system
Represents a physical system Uses conceptual resources
Information Data
A Systems View
s
Information processor can be manual as well as electronic computer or mechanical an information processor is a key element in the conceptual system
DSS 1971
Our distinction:
MIS: Organizational/group - general DSS: Individual - specific
(CBIS) Problem
Accounting Information System
Decisions
Information
Problem Solution
Information Services
Information specialists have
full-time responsibility for developing and maintaining computer-based systems
User
Systems Analyst
Programmer
Operator
Computer
Network Specialist
End-User Computing
s
End-user computing
Development of all or part of applications
Stimulants to EUC
Increased computer literacy IS backlog Low-cost hardware (the PC) Prewritten software (electronic spreadsheets)
IS and EUC
The End-User Computing Communication Chain
Information Specialists
Support
Communication
User
Computer
Noneconomic
Perceived value
Roles Played by the Manager and by the Information Specialist Information Specialist Phase Manager
Planning Analysis Design Implementation Use Define problem Control Control Control Control Support System Study Design system Implement system Make available
Decision making
Transaction Volume
Low
Order processing system
Control
Communication
Little
Much
Decision Support