Client Server Architecture INTRODUCTION

The Computing technology of sixties and Seventies Supported Centralized Processing. In this Period data and transactions were brought to the central place, processed in batch mode. Resultant information was delivered at fixed interval . Computing, storage and communication tech were inadequate to take care of Dynamic changing needs of business information

INTRODUCTION
Mainframe architecture (not a client/server architecture). With mainframe software architectures all intelligence is within the central host computer. Users interact with the host through a terminal that captures keystrokes and sends that information to the host.. User interaction can be done using PCs and UNIX workstations. A limitation of mainframe software architectures is that they do not easily support graphical user interfaces , access to multiple databases from geographically dispersed sites

INTRODUCTION
Requirement came for separation of data from its usage or application. Situation demand for more data from different sources. User of information wanted freedom of option to choose information and its processing

INTRODUCTION
Distributed Processing-Hardware software is distributed at various locations and further data is distributed where it is required more. The approach was to bring the data and the application closer to user reducing dependence on centralized authority.

 Networking technology coupled with PC becoming powerful and found relief in meeting users need. Managers requirements were for an environment where communication, coordination and collaboration between Individual tasks is possible in short span of time. Data and Processing should be platform independent, so that once application is developed it could be used on new hardware-software.

 Application Logic should be reusable at number of places. Great amount of standardized approach to the application development and in-depth thinking in choosing hardware, software configuration and its placement.

Requirements of the business on the architecture of information Processing System

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Data,business rules and usage should be independent Data and database should be distributable with controlled access from any point Choice of hardware and software should be platform independent Processing Platform should be easily scalable Data and hardware resources should be sharable. Platform should remain same even if the organisation is restructured,downsized etc.

Client-Server Architecture
CSA is a distributed,cooperative processing environment wherein entire task of processing is divided in such a manner that there is demand on the system through client and there is server in the system to serve the demand.

Client-Server Architecture
Architecture has two components Client-Makes a request Server-Process the request and serves the client by offering the result. Client and server are connected through each other through a network component which handles Communication between two.

Client-Server Architecture
Client is at the front end. Server is at the back end. Client represents front end tasks requested by end user. Server represents the back end tasks of processing and communication with the client.

Client-Server Model
Server
Database Database

Application Server Logic

Netware Server Client PC Application Client Logic Client PC Application Client Logic Client PC Application Client Logic

Mainframe Model
Host Computer Entire Application

 Data Files,Application Logic sits on Host Computer. Terminals are provided to access the files and programs Entire processing is done on the host computer. Client is a dumb terminal In Client-Server Model,Client is intelligent PC with processing logic

Client Server Architecture

Application is broken into two logical divisions Data sits on back end server and management is done by DBMS. Application processing logic such as validations,application of business rules and computing is placed in a front end client device.

Client Server Architecture

Client handles server independent tasks through its stored application logic and the server handles clients requests which are triggered after processing in the client.

Client Server
Entire task of processing is done by mainframe system. Performance of the whole system depends on the capability of Host computer system and load put by its users.

Three tier with an application server. The three tier application server architecture allocates the main body of an application to run on a shared host rather than in the user system interface client environment. The application server does not drive the GUIs; rather it shares business logic, computations, and a data retrieval engine. Advantages are that with less software on the client there is less security to worry about, applications are more scalable, and support and installation costs are less on a single server than maintaining each on a desktop client [Schussel 96]. The application server design should be used when security, scalability, and cost are major considerations [Schu

Client-Server Model
Server
Database

PC

PC

PC

PC

Two tier architectures.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

PC-Server Model. PC-plays the role of a client performing under the control of server. Processing is done on PC and results are pushed on the server. It is good for small application systems. It has advantages of sharing resource,flexible user. With two tier client/server architectures the user system interface is usually located in the user's desktop environment Database management services are usually in a server that is a more powerful machine that services many clients. Processing management is split between the user system interface environment and the database management server environment. The database management server provides stored procedures and triggers. There are a number of software vendors that provide tools to simplify development of applications for the two tier client/server architecture The two tier client/server architecture is a good solution for distributed computing when work groups are defined as a dozen to 100 people interacting on a LAN simultaneously.

Two tier architectures.

1. 2. 3. 4. It does have a number of limitations. When the number of users exceeds 100, performance begins to deteriorate. This limitation is a result of the server maintaining a connection via "keepalive" messages with each client, even when no work is being done. A second limitation of the two tier architecture is that implementation of processing management services using vendor proprietary database procedures restricts flexibility and choice of DBMS for applications. Finally, current implementations of the two tier architecture provide limited flexibility in moving (repartitioning) program functionality from one server to another without manually regenerating procedural code

5.

Three tier architectures

1. 2. .It emerged to overcome the limitations of the two tier architecture. In the three tier architecture, a middle tier was added between the user system interface client environment and the database management server environment.

3-Tier
Client server-front end software Middleware Server Software Front End Software includes-application development tools Reporting tools The role of this software is to connect to servers, submit the requests and receive processed information result. Front End tools support(ODBC) feature to populate databases like oracle, Sybase etc. Middleware is a software that sits between the client and the server to facilitate communication. Middleware provides API for remote servers access. ODBC is an example of middleware which provides open database interface for the front end software and the server using common calls.

Three tier architecture Typical 3 Tier Client Server model has three components 1. Data Server 2. Application Server 3. PC-Client Middle tier is basically used for transactional or object request processing. Application server is used for application logic processing.

 Application server is used for application logic processing It is a place where applications are broken into smaller units, known as transactions and the server ensures that they are processed completely At client level, application development tools are put to develop and execute the application. Tools also provides drivers to create data windows, data entry forms ,menus etc . All Front end tools are supported by Report writers. They use middleware or ODBC to communicate with database servers.

Tier-1(Database Server)-All database management functions. Tier-2(Application Server)-It fetch data from the database Tier-3(Clients Role)-Data entry, forms creation,Querying,Reporting. Database Servers stores procedure to be used in the application when called by client or server. The stored procedure or trigger is a collection of SQL statements and procedural logic, which can be placed in database server as objects. Client application can execute these stored procedures or triggers by making call on them.