Um Interface and Radio Channels

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Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Contents
1. Overview 2. Processing of Voice Signal 3. Radio Channel

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page2

Radio Interface
Another MSC BTS BSC
MS
PSTN ISDN

A-bis

MSC/VLR

MS

HLR/AUC Um
OMC SMC

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Page3

Hierarchical Structure of Um Interface

Communication management (CM) Network application layer (L3) Mobility and security management (MM) Radio resources management (RR)

Data link layer (L2)

Integrated management

RACH

BCCH

AGCH/PCH

SDCCH

SACCH

TCH

FACCH

Physical link layer (L1)

TCH0 TCH1 TCH2

SACCH

TCH23 IDL

Multiframe

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Page4

Radio Access Technology

CDMA
Time
Power

CDMA Code

TDMA
Power

Frequency Time TDMA

FDMA
Time FDMA Frequency

Frequency

Power

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Page5

Radio Access Technology

CDMA
Time
Power

CDMA Code

TDMA
Power

Frequency Time TDMA

FDMA
Time FDMA Frequency

Frequency

Power

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Page6

Contents
1. Overview 2. Processing of Voice Signal 3. Radio Channel

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Page7

Voice Signal Processing

8KHz,13bi t 13kbit/s
20 ms

Voice
(A/D) A/D) Segmentation Speech coding Channel coding

22.8kbit/s

33.8kbit/s

Transmission

Interleaving

Encryption) Encryption)

Burst formatting

Modulation

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Page8

Analog-Digital Conversion

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Page9

Speech Coding


The Enhance Full Rate coding mode is called CELP (Code Excited Linear Code Predictive Coding Coding) The Full Rate coding mode is called RPE-LTP (Regular Pulse Excited-Long RPERegular ExcitedTerm Prediction). The Half Rate coding mode is called VCELP (Vector-Sum Excited Linear VectorPrediction) Prediction)

8KHz,13bi t

20 ms

244 bits(EFR) 260 bits(FR) 112 bits(HR)

12.2kbit/s 13kbit/s 5.6kbit/s

Voice
(A/D) A/D) Segmentation Speech coding

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Page10

Channel Coding
Block Coder

1:2 Convolutional Coder

8KHz,13bi t

20 ms

244 bits(EFR) 260 bits(FR) 112 bits(HR)

12.2kbit/s 13kbit/s 456bits(FR/EFR) 22.8kbit/s 228bits(HR) 11.4kbit/s 5.6kbit/s

Voice
(A/D) A/D) Segmentation Speech coding Channel coding

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Page11

Interleaving
B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ... ... 452 453 454 455 456

First interleaving:

B0 1 9 .

B1 2 10 . . . 450

B2 3 11 . . . 451

B3 4 12 . . . 452

B4 5 13 . . . 453

B5 6 14 . . . 454

B6 7 15 . . . 455

B7 8 16 . . . 456

....

. . 449

....

Second interleaving:

{A4,B0}

{A5,B1}

{A6,B2}

{A7,B3}

{B4,C0}

{B5,C1}

{B6,C2}

{B7,C3}

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Page12

Interleaving
B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ... ... 452 453 454 455 456

First interleaving:

B0 1 9 .

B1 2 10 . . . 450

B2 3 11 . . . 451

B3 4 12 . . . 452

B4 5 13 . . . 453

B5 6 14 . . . 454

B6 7 15 . . . 455

B7 8 16 . . . 456

....

. . 449

....

Second interleaving:

{A4,B0}

{A5,B1}

{A6,B2}

{A7,B3}

{B4,C0}

{B5,C1}

{B6,C2}

{B7,C3}

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page13

Voice Burst
Tail bit Data Training sequence

3 bits

Dat a

Tail bit

Guard period

57 encrypted bits

26 bits

1 57 encrypted bits bits 8.25 bits

8KHz,13bit

20 ms Segmentation Speech coding 22.8kbit/s

13kbit/ s
Channel coding

Voice

(A/D) A/D)

33.8kbit/ s
Interleaving Encryption) Encryption) Burst formatting Modulation

Transmission

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Page14

Voice Signal Processing

Mobile equipment GSM Network Speaker

Transmitter Modulator 33.8 kbit/s Burst formatting Ciphering Interleaving 22.8 kbit/s Channel coding 13 kbit/s Speech coding Segmentation 8 kHz 13 bits A/D-conversion Microphone Transmitting part

Receiver Demodulator Adaptive Equalization De-ciphering De-interleaving Channel decoding Speech decoding D/A-conversion Receiving part

Receiver Demodulator Adaptive Equalization De-ciphering De-interleaving Channel Decoding Receiving part

Transmitter Modulator Burst formatting Ciphering Interleaving Channel coding 13 kbit/s D/D-conversion 8 kHz 8 bits 64 kbit/s PCM Transmitting part

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Page15

Timing Advance (TA)

The mobile phone should send the signal in advance!!

TA
Transmission delay t

Transmission delay t

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Page16

Timing Advance (TA)

The mobile phone should send the signal in advance!!

TA
Transmission delay t Transmission delay t

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Page17

Frequency Hopping
Frequency f0 f1 f2 f3 f4 Frame

Time

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Page18

Frequency Hopping
Frequency

f0 f1 f2 f3 f4 Frame Time

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Page19

DTX


DTX: Discontinuous Transmission

Shut off the transmission at voice intervals; Only transmit SID frames The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable noise.

VAD: Voice Activity Detection

Implemented by the transcoder.

Prolong battery life and reduce interference

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page20

DTX


DTX: Discontinuous Transmission

Shut off the transmission at voice intervals; Only transmit SID frames The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable noise.

VAD: Voice Activity Detection

Implemented by the transcoder.

Prolong battery life and reduce interference

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page21

Power Control
    

Prolong battery life Reduce network interference Include both uplink power control and downlink power control Level and quality are taken into account BSC or BTS is the final adjudicator
Signal level

BCCH Carrier is not involved in power control.

Target level value: e.g. -85 dm

Time

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Page22

Contents
1. Overview 2. Processing of Voice Signal 3. Radio Channel

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page23

Frame and Channel

Frequency

200kHz

BP Slit 15/26ms
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Time

Physical Channel of Logical Channel

TDMA FRAME

0
200K

577 Qs

Physical Channel
Logical channel Logical channel Logical channel Logical channel Logical channel

different message types

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Page25

Burst
Access burst (AB): Used in MS initial access
Tail bit

8bit

41 synchronous bits

Data Tail bit 36 encrypted 3bit bits

Guard interval

68.25bit

Frequency correction burst (FB): Used in frequency synchronization between MS and BTS
Tail bit Data Tail bit Guard interval

3bit

142bit

3bit

8.25bit

Synchronous burst (SB): Used in timing synchronization between MS and BTS

Tail bit

3bit

Data 39 encrypted bits

64 synchronous bits

Data Tail bit Guard interval 39 encrypted 3bit 8.25bit bits

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page26

Burst


Normal burst (NB)

Used to carry the information of the traffic channel and the control channel except for RACH
Tail bit Data 57 encrypted bits Training sequence Data 57 encrypted bits Tail bit Guard interval

3bit

1 26bit 1

3bit

8.25bit

Frame stealing flag



Dummy burst (DB)

Used in transmission of filling frames by BTS at timeslots when there is no information delivered
Tail bit Tail bit Guard interval 142 modulation bits

3bit

3bit

8.25bit

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Page27

Logical Channel Type



GSM900 and DCS1800 have the same logical channel category

Logical channel

Common channel (CCH)

Dedicated channel (DCH)

Broadcast control channel (BCH)

Common control channel (CCCH)

Control channel

Voice channel (TCH)

FCCH

SCH

BCCH (system information)

PCH

AGCH

RACH

SDCCH

FACCH

TCH/F

TCH/H

SACCH

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Page28

Downlink Logical Channel

FCCH Common Channel BCCH SCH BCCH CCCH PCH AGCH

SDCCH

Dedicated Channel

DCCH

SACCH FACCH

TCH

TCH/F TCH/H

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Page29

Downlink Logical Channel

FCCH SCH BCCH CCCH PCH AGCH

Common Channel

BCCH

SDCCH

Dedicated Channel

DCCH

SACCH FACCH

TCH

TCH/F TCH/H

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Page30

Uplink Logical Channel

Common channel

RACH

CCCH

SDCCH SACCH FACCH TCH/F TCH/H

DCCH

Dedicated channel

TCH

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Page31

Uplink Logical Channel

Common channel

RACH

CCCH

SDCCH SACCH FACCH TCH/F TCH/H

DCCH

Dedicated channel

TCH

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Page32

Use of Logical Channels

Power-on

Search for frequency correction burst Search for synchronous burst Listen to the system information

FCCH SCH BCCH PCH RACH AGCH SDCCH SDCCH TCH FACCH

Idle mode

Monitor paging message Send access burst Allocate signaling channel

Dedicated mode

Set up the call Allocate voice channel Conversation Release the call

Idle mode

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Page33

Physical Combination of Logical Channel

26-frame multi-frame
TCH/F+FACCH/F+SACCH/F (full-rate TCH) TCH/H+FACCH/H+SACCH/H (half-rate TCH)

51-frames multi-frame
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH (main BCCH) FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4+SACCH/4 (combined BCCH) BCCH+CCCH (extended BCCH) SDCCH/8+SACCH/8 (main SDCCH)

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Page34

Structure of Main BCCH

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink
Group3,4

Group Channel Frame Number

F 0 S 1

Group1

Group2

(same as Group2)

Grpup5

BX4 2-5

CX4 6-9

F 10

S 11

CX4 12-15

CX4 16-19

20-39

F 40

S 41

CX4 42-45

CX4 46-49

I 50

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink

Channel Frame Number R R R R R R R R R R R R R RR R R R R

10

11

12

13-46

47

48

49

50

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; R:RACH; I:IDLE

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Structure of Combined BCCH

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink Group Group1 B Channel F S 4 B Channel F S 4 Frame Number 0 1 2-5 C 4 C 4 6-9 10 11 F S F S Group2 C 4 C 4 1215 C 4 C 4 1619 20 21 F S F S Group3 D0 4 D0 4 2225 D1 4 D1 4 2629 30 31 F S F S Group4 D2 4 D2 4 3235 D3 4 D3 4 3639 40 41 F S F S Grpup5 A0 4 A2 4 4245 A1 4 A3 4 4649 50 I I

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Channel Channel Frame Number D34 D04 R R R R A24 A04 A34 A14 RR RR

Uplink D14 D14 R R R R D24 D24

D04 D04

0-3

6-9

10-13

14-36

37-40

41-44

45

46

47-50

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; D:SDCCH ;A:SACCH; R:RACH; I:IDLE

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Structure of Logical Channel Combination Frame-Main SDCCH

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink Channel D0 4 Channel Frame Number D0 4 0-3 D1 4 D1 4 4-7 D2 4 D2 4 8-11 D3 4 D3 4 1215 D4 4 D4 4 1619 D5 4 D5 4 2023 D6 4 D6 4 2427 D7 4 D7 4 2831 A0 4 A4 4 3235 A1 4 A5 4 3639 A2 4 A6 4 4043 A3 4 A7 4 4447 48 49 50 I I I I I I

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink Channel A5 4 Channel Frame Number A1 4 0-3 A6 4 A2 4 4-7 A7 4 A3 4 8-11 12 13 14 I I I I I I D0 4 D0 4 1518 D1 4 D1 4 1922 D2 4 D2 4 2326 D3 4 D3 4 2730 D4 4 D4 4 3134 D5 4 D5 4 3538 D6 4 D6 4 3942 D7 4 D7 4 4346 A0 4 A4 4 4750

D:SDCCH; A:SACCH; I:IDLE

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Structure of Logical Channel Combination Frame-TCH

Case of one full rate TCH
1 multi-frame (26TDMA Frames) 120ms Channel Frame Number T T T T T T TT A T,,,T T T T T T T I

611

12

1318

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

Case of two half rate TCHs

1 multi-frame (26TDMA Frames) 120ms Channel Frame Number T t T t T t Tt A T,,,t T t T t T t a

611

12

1318

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

T:TCH;A:SACCH; I:IDLE
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Frame
1 hyper frame=2048 super-frames=2715648TDMA frames (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds and 760 milliseconds) TCH SACCH/T FACCH 0 1 2 3 2044 2045 2046 2047 BCCH CCCH SDCCH 47 48 24 49 25 50 1 super-frame=1326TDMA frames (6.12 seconds) 0 0 1 2 1 3

1 multiframe=26TDMA frames (120ms) 0 1 24 25 0

1 multiframe=51TDMA frames (3060/13ms) 1 49 50

1TDMA frame=8 timeslots (120/26=4.615ms) 2 3 4 5 6

1 timeslot=156.25 bit duration (15/26=0.577ms) (1 bit duration: 48/13=3.68us) TB GP 26 training TB 58 information bits 58 information bits 3 8.25 sequences 3 TB GP Frequency correction burst (FB) TB Constant bit 142 3 8.25 3 TB GP TB Information bit 39 Extended training sequence 64 Synchronous burst (SB) Information bit 39 3 8.25 3 TB Synchronous sequence 41 TB GP 68.25 Information bit 363 Access burst (AB) 3 Normal burst (NB)

TB: Tail bit GP: Guard period

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Page39

Frame
1 hyper frame=2048 super-frames=2715648TDMA frames (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds and 760 milliseconds) TCH SACCH/T FACCH 0 1 2 3 2044 2045 2046 2047 BCCH CCCH SDCCH 47 48 24 49 25 50 1 super-frame=1326TDMA frames (6.12 seconds) 0 0 1 2 1 3

1 multiframe=26TDMA frames (120ms) 0 1 24 25 0

1 multiframe=51TDMA frames (3060/13ms) 1 49 50

1TDMA frame=8 timeslots (120/26=4.615ms) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 timeslot=156.25 bit duration (15/26=0.577ms) (1 bit duration: 48/13=3.68us)

26 training TB 58 information bits sequences 3 Frequency correction burst (FB) TB Constant bit 142 3 Extended training Synchronous burst (SB) TB Information bit 39 sequence 64 3 TB Synchronous sequence 41Information bit 36TB Access burst (AB) 3 3

Normal burst (NB)

TB GP 58 information bits 3 8.25 TB GP 3 8.25 TB GP Information bit 39 3 8.25 GP 68.25 TB: Tail bit GP: Guard period

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Page40

Configuration of Common Control Channel

Downlink CCCH

Uplink CCCH

PCH

AGCH

RACH

How to determine the total CCCH resources of the cell? How to allocate AGCH and PCH reasonably?

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page41

Summary


In this course, we have learned:

Processing of Voice Signal Radio Channel in Um Interface Key Technical in Um Interface

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Page42

Thank you
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