How to Revive an Old Computer

Howard Fosdick
(C) 2008 FCI
V 1.0

Who Am I ?

* Independent Consultant * Oracle DBA (not a PC specialist)

* Founded Database User Groups (IDUG and MWDUG) * Author of Rexx Programmers Reference

hfosdick at the domain compuserve.com

Geek !

Why This Talk ?

My hobby -1. 2. 3. 4. Get PC donations Hardware Software (verify / rebuild / fix) (verify / anonymize / install)

Give away to someone who needs it

Topics

1. How to revitalize an old computer 2. Implications -What it all means

Outline
I. What can old computers do

II. Hardware III. Steps to revitalize an old PC IV. Windows V. Linux (and other free Oss) VI. Where to get a Free computer (and where to donate one) VII. Free Computing VIII. Resources

I. What Can Old Computers Do ?

?? ? ?

Why Older Computers ?

Free

Useful

Fun

* Old computers improve capabilities yearly * Save the planet --> reduce e-waste * Appropriate technology -- is not always the latest technology Example -- P-II laptop giving this presentation

Save the Planet

-- PCs and monitors contain toxic...

-- lead -- cadmium -- mercury -- chlorine -- bromine -- nbd plastics

-- 400 to 600 million PCs yet to be disposed of in attics -- Avg PC lifespan < 3 years

Sources: Galt Global Review webofcreation.org

One solution -- use them !

What Can You Do With an Old PC ?

I II

Caveat: end user running common software

III

IV +

Office

Word Processing Spreadsheet Presentation Graphics Graphics, images Web surfing Research Wireless Social websites

Fast Internet
(Broadband)

Slow Internet
(Dial Up)

Email Brief web searches IM / Chat Photos Music / Audio Video

Multimedia

Games

Current games Older games

What Can You Do With an Old PC ?

I II

Caveat: end user running common software

III

IV +

Office

Word Processing Spreadsheet Presentation Graphics Graphics, images Web surfing Research Wireless Social websites

Fast Internet
(Broadband)

Slow Internet
(Dial Up)

Email Brief web searches IM / Chat Photos Music / Audio Video

Multimedia

Games

Current games Older games

More Uses for Old Computers...

Specialized App servers Routers Firewalls Print, File, or Network server Email station Word processor other single-use Run old programs (compatibly) Business programs (eg: Instrumentation, Farming) Retro gaming box Act as terminals (Linux Terminal Server Project - LTSP) Run Free software on Free hardware

Summary

New PCs are required for -

Latest games State-of-the-art graphics High-end multimedia Current Microsoft software

Pentium III does everything else Pentium II fine for many uses but -

450 Mhz + 256 M tops

Dial-up

Pentium I useful but -

266 mhz + 128 M tops Security software overwhelms them

Turnover Events

Driven by -Technology or Marketing

Technology Examples -

Monitors ZIP disks Pentium-IIs

-> flat panels -> USB thumb drives -> newer machines

Marketing Examples -

New releases of MS Office Vista What happens to PCs that cant run Vista ?

II. Hardware

Generations of PCs
Pentium

IV + III II I
pre-Pentium
(486, 386, 286/AT, XT, PC)

Simplified View

Typical Hardware
P P d ac P P P P 8 8 8 8 88 IVa d sys s III II I MMX I CPUSp d . s v a . Typi al M m y M aby s M s v aG 8 G 8 8 C t C L wc s f F F F F F F C c ab

8 .77 8

<

Processor: Xeon Celeron Pentium Pro

CPU Speed (mhz): 400 3.6+ ghz 266 2.9+ ghz 150 200

* Memory varies widely * Desktops versus laptops * Maxed out versus what shipped * Celeron and Xeon mean nothing
Source: Toms Hardware, other web sites

Typical Hardware
AMD Equivalents
Pr cess r: Opter At l At l Dr At l T At l K K / K K A x A A PU . . . er ir . . . . . z ee ( z z z z z z):

Source: Toms Hardware, other web sites

Memory
SDRAM PC 66 PC 100 PC 133 66 mhz 100 mhz 133 mhz

Maximum RAM (typical)

DDR (aka DDR1) PC 2100 PC 2700 PC 3200 266 mhz 333 mhz 400 mhz

DDR2 PC2 3200 PC2 4200 PC2 5300 PC2 6400 400 mhz 533 mhz 667 mhz 800 mhz

--- Usually --* Use one level slower as next level faster * All in group cost same -> buy fastest !

128m P-I

256m P-II

varies P-III

Source: Toms Hardware, other web sites

What Is Free ?
Pentium

IV + III II I
pre-Pentium
(486, 386, 286/AT, XT, PC)
10% P-I 70% P-II 20% P-III

Mix changes yearly Capabilities of old computers constantly increase Where you get free PCs shades the mix

This Talk focuses on PC Desktops ...Other Computers ?...

Laptops ----Fewer out there Higher priced Free is less common More proprietary

Apples -- Proprietary -- Parts --> even across the Apple line ! --> expensive, hard to find

III. Steps to Revitalize an old PC

Steps to Follow With an Old PC

1. Identify what youve got -- Hardware -- Software 2. Verify hardware & software -- Check the boot configuration panel & run diagnostics -- Ensure devices work (hardware and drivers) -- Check disks, reading/writing CD/DVD & floppy -- Windows Device Mgmt panel -- Ensure software is malware free -- Verify installed programs work -- Break login password (ntpasswd in Linux rescue CDs) 3. Define objectives 4. Determine whether this old pc can achieve them 5. Download drivers, manuals, etc, from vendors web site 6. Fix hardware & software, download, configure, install to achieve objectives

Example -- This Laptop

IBM Thinkpad 770Z P-II @ 366 mhz / 128M ram / 14g disk
CDROM, floppy, 56k modem, USB port 13.7 screen w/AGP graphics and 8M ram NO --> 10/100 port, wireless card, Writeable CD or DVD All hardware works
Config panel Config diagnostics Windows Devices panel * Disk check * Tested devices

Software is Windows 98
Virus / malware clean Registry clean * Programs work * MSCONFIG and daemons

More at -- www.Desktoplinux.com/articles/AT6185716632.html

Example -- My Objectives ...

* * * * *

Office support (word processing etc in MS formats) Presentations (in MS format) Email (dial-up ok) Web look-up (dial-up acceptable) Run common Windows and Linux apps

Conclusion -> Keep Windows Install Linux and run from RAM Buy 128M for $20 --> 256M UpgradeMemory.com KingstonMemory.com

Example #2 -- Professionals Desktop

Objectives
Office work (all in MS formats) Word processing Presentations Spreadsheets Email Web use: 0 in 1996 to lots today Doesnt want to pay $500 for new computer

P-II

P-II+

P-III

Pentium-II Purchased 1997

Goal -- heavier multi-tasking --> Upgraded memory to 256M --> Windows tune-up

Goal -- heavier web use --> Switched to free P-III --> Added $10/month AT&T DSL Goal -- OS outdated --> Added Ubuntu

Example #2 -- Professionals Desktop

Dell P-III 550 mhz / 448M ram / 2 x 6 G disk DVD-ROM, CD/RW, floppy, 10/100 card, USB ports From the P-II - P-II monitor, keyboard, mouse Original 6 gig disk From one P-III - System Unit, 320m ram, USB ports, DVD-ROM, CD-RW, floppy, 10/100 card From the other P-III 2nd 6 gig disk, 128M ram Remaining P-II parts go to other builds

Easy-to-Fix Problems
Windows + Viruses / spyware / malware + Registry or software corruption + Slow and needing software tune-up
-> Defrag disk, remove malware, prune start-up list (msconfig & Runlist), check daemons & Services, erase index.dat & other temporary, set-up, internet, cache, & junk files, cookies, URL history...

Hardware + Broken or replaceable device + Slow due to needing memory + Random shutdowns -> Overheating - check fans, redo heat sink, clean PC + Wont boot -> Check wires, card seating, loose screws + Bad device driver

O S

Operating System Choice is Key

OS determines --

* OS overhead on limited computer resources * Your Apps * How easy or hard they are to find * How much they cost or if free

3 Operating Environment Choices

Keep Windows only

Replace Windows w/ Linux

(or other OS)

Add Linux to Windows

+ Easiest + Drivers included + Age-appropriate software -- Cleanup required -- No MS fixes or support -- License & COA required

+ No malware + Simplest install + Linux benefits -- Drivers? -- Loses value of the installed software

+ Benefits of Windows and Linux + Linux co-exists with Windows -- Effort -- Requires 1/2 G disk

IV. Windows on Old PCs

Windows Benefits
(versus Linux)

Compatible file formats Easy to use Efficient GUI on 486 to P-II Device drivers Comes on the computer

Microsoft GUI is Efficient on 486s - P-Is - P-IIs

Windows 3.1, 95 or 98 with Office 4, 95 or 97

+ Faster than Linux GUIs on 486 or P-I + More user-friendly ! + Retain this software on 486 to P-II
Example -- 486-DX2 @ 25 mhz / 8M ram / Windows 3.1 / WordPerfect 5

But security software sinks them

Eg -- firewall + virus scanner + malware scanner + intrusion blocker is required if you connect to internet

Examples
Windows 98 SE plus Office 97 Windows 98 plus Office 97 ** P-I 90 mhz / / 32M P-I 90 mhz 32M * P-I 166 MMX mhz / mhz / 64M * P-I 166 MMX 64M
Both work great Both crawl if you add--- Virus and spyware scanners -- Firewall and intrusion detector -- Plus try downloading anti-virus updates with dial-up !

From: Microsofts web site 2006

Windows System Requirements

Vers on

PU Minim / Recommen e

Memor Minim / Recommen e

Win o Win o Win o Win o Win o

3.1 95 9 9 -SE2 E

>= 3 6 3 6 4 6 4 6 /4 6 @66 @66 Hz Hz Hz

2 4 16 16 32 16 Hz Hz / entium Hz / entium Hz 64 12 64 512

B B/ B / 24 B / 24 B B / 32 B B / 256 B / 12 B B B B B B B

entium @150 entium entium @ 133 entium @ 133 Hz @ 550 entium @ 233 @ 300 Hz entium @ 00

Double Microsofts values for good performance !

Win o N 4.0 Work t tion Edition Windo Edition Windo Edition Windo Windo 2000 ro e ion l 2003 R2 St ndard Home Edition i ta

Free Software Required to Secure Windows

Produc : VG Free nti-Viru , Square or ClamWin - ware SE Per onal, S y ot Search & e troy

Purpose: Free anti- iru anner . ll three u ort at h anning. VG al o an email an file acti ity in real-time. S yware / malware canner . Eliminates Win ows's history of your acti ities, inclu ing the in e . at file that kee s track of all the we sites you isit. Eliminates lists of your Most Recently Used ( files. iny Firewall is small an light. Zone larm works great ut may e a it weighty for some ol er com uters. Shareware that isplays memory use. Controls what software loads at start-up time (an alternati e to the msconfig comman present in some ersions of Win ows) U)

How to Secure Your Windows PC Using Free Software by H. Fosdick at DBAZine http://www.dbazine.com

Free nternet Win ow Washer U laster iny Personal Firewall, Zone larm emWatcher StartUp Cop

How to Anonymize Windows PCs

When you Delete files, and empty the recycle bin, those files are still accessible When you Delete IE history, the list of all web sites you ever visited is still accessible When you Outlook Delete email, & empty the waste basket, all that email is still accessible When you change personal info in product Options, that doesnt change the splash panel or product ownership
Conclusions -- (1) Windows gives users into a false sense of privacy (2) Anonymizing Windows is hard

How to Anonymize Windows PCs

Re-format hard disk + Quick, easy, sure -- Loses value of installed software -> Dariks Boot and Nuke

****************************************** or ******************************************* Remove personal info Registry (First name, last name, organization, user id, etc) (Do this for all users, in both Keys and Values) Spash panels (Product Options, Registry, Office 95/97 binaries) Locate & delete personal files (in My Documents & elsewhere) (*.doc, *.xls, *.ppt, *.txt, *.rtf, *.wab, *.acl, *.pwl, *.pcb, *.pst, *.pps, etc) Address book files (Outlook, Outlook Express, IE) Email (*.mbx and *pst files) Web history (index.dat files and Registry) -> PurgeIE and manual Virus / spyware / malware scan -> AVG, A-2, Clamwin... Delete Temp, Internet Temp files, cache -> CCleaner, FIWW Delete MRUs, product histories, IE history, cookies -> MRU-Blaster Delete user ids and their files Delete info embedded in products (registration, user ids, etc) Defrag then overwrite unused disk (inc slack, swap & dir.) -> BcWipe or Eraser

Rescue Disks
(To Fix Windows or Linux)

Ultimate Boot CD for Windows

ubcd4win.com

Ultimate Boot CD (for Linux)

Linux Rescue Disks

ultimatebootcd.com

Knoppix and others

V. Linux (etc) on Old PCs

Free Operating Systems

Linux
+ Biggest family + Most software + Most popular

Minix BSD
+ Fast + Small + Bug free rep + + --Very lightweight Inspired Linux Limited apps Less popular

Others DOS
+ + + -+ BeOS + OS/2 soon? + New Deal -- Not popular

Tons of apps Very lightweight Still popular worldwide GUI

Linux Benefits
(versus Windows)
Co-exists with other operating systems No Registry or DLL problems No viruses, spyware, malware

No privacy issues
No WGA, Product Activation, or stealth updates

No licensing issues
No artificial lockout from current software

No forced upgrades Free apps ! Small distros Many distros

Small Linux Strategies

1. 2.

Small distro

Older release of big distro

3.

Tailor distro during install

Some Small Linuxes

V e rs io n a mn S ma ll inu up p y

s e m R e q ire m e n s inimum re q uire me nt is a 4 6 ith 1 6 B me mo ry. R uns ully in me mo ry o n ma c hine s ith 1 2 B . lso o o ts ro m S B thum d ri e o r ro m a li e . 50 B d isk o o tp rint. e ta ils he re . " up p y ha s e e n te ste d o n a e e ry o ld ma c hine s ut o r e st re sults..." use a e ntium @ 1 6 6 H z ith 6 4 B o r re le a se s B o r re le a se s sinc e e rsio n 1 .0 .2 . B e p rio r to 1 .0 .2 , a nd 1 2 sure to c re a te a sw a p p a rtitio n o n syste ms w ith le ss tha n 6 4 B o me mo ry, o the rw ise no ha rd d isk re q uire d . " e a the r sho uld e a b le to run o n a 4 6 w ith 1 6 B o R , b ut o nly in c o nso le (no n- gra p hic a l) mo d e . o use , 2 4 B o R o r mo re a re re q uire d ." R e q uire s 3 6 B to b o o t sla x, 9 6 B to run W ind o w s w ith luxb o x, 1 4 4 B to run W ind o w s w ith E. 4 6 o r b e tte r p ro c e sso r. sugge ste d syste m ha s a minimum e ntium @ 2 6 6 H z a nd 1 2 B me mo ry. N o ha rd d isk re q uire d . he S ta nd a rd Ed itio n re q uire s o nly a 3 6 o r b e tte r p ro c e sso r w ith 16 B o me mo ry a nd 3 5 0 B o d isk sp a c e o r a ull insta ll. he S O H O (S ma ll O ffic e / H o me O ffic e ) e d itio n re q uire s e ntium o r b e tte r, 1 2 B me mo ry w ith 2 5 6 B re c o mme nd e d , a nd 3 fo r the O S o n d isk . "O ld e st syste m te ste d so fa r: ... e ry slo w b ut wo rk s" 5/ 5, 64 B R , 130 B S wap Hz

e a the r

W ol i

e c to r

See -DistroWatch.com DistroMania.com

S TX ocket inux S la c k w a re

"...yo u sho uld a t le a st ha ve a e ntium c o mp ute r w ith 4 0 0 a nd a b o ut 1 2 B R in o rd e r to w o rk e ffic ie ntly."

4 6 o r gre a te r p ro c e sso r, 1 6 B me mo ry w ith 3 2 B sugge ste d . d d itio na l ha rd w a re re q uire d to run the . 1 00 - 5 0 0 B ha rd d isk is minima lly re q uire d w ith 3 .5 fo r a full insta ll. e ntium @ 1 0 0 H z minimum, p lus 2 4 B me mo ry a nd 4 5 0 B o n d isk fo r "N o e sk to p " syste ms, o r 6 4 B a nd 1 d isk fo r syste ms "w ith the e sk to p ." 64 B fo r te xt inte rfa c e , 1 2 B fo r . 400 minima l insta ll, 2 fo r a "W o rk sta tio n" insta ll. B ha rd d isk fo r

e b ia n

Review System Requirements

Red Hat

3 Favorite Small Linuxes

Damn Small Linux

+ + --Smallest (486 w/ 16M) Popular Geekiest (not for end user) Minimal apps

BeatrIX / BeaFanatIX Puppy

+ + + + All the apps you need Popular Not as geeky as DSL Small 128M -> 320M to run in ram -- Not as friendly as BeatrIX + For end users + Runs on any Pentium + 128M to run in ram -- Not widely used

All run from memory with 128M +

Ways to Install Linux

Almost all Linuxes

Some Linuxes

1. Live CD -- To verify product, video, drivers, etc -- To evaluate and learn product 2. Full Install -- o-exist with Windows -- Needs its own partition -- ost inuxes recognize Windows -- They create boot selection list -- ittle disk required ( ontinue to use Windows partition for your data) 3. Frugal Install -- Stores inux as file(s) in existing Windows partition 4. Windows Program -- con on Windows desktop 5. USB memory Stick -- eaves Windows un-changed 6. Updatable CD or DVD -- eaves Windows un-changed

How to Co-Install Linux with Windows

Linux includes the Partitioning, Boot Selection, and Windows-recognition tools you need free

1. Verify Windows disk is good (My Computer | Properties | Tools | Disk check) 2. Defrag Windows volume 3. Live CD to boot Linux 4. Resize Windows partition smaller if you need space 5. Create new Linux partition 6. Create Linux Swap partition 7. Install Linux 8. Verify boot selection menu (/boot/grub/menu.lst)

GUI is Key to Resource Usage

* Always in use * Memory-consumptive * Gnome & KDE + Linux standards -- Require 128 M * JWM, IceWM, Xfce, FVWM, Flubox, others + Much less Memory ( < 64M) * Command line + Fine for App Server + Ok for geeks -- Not ok for end users
See xwinman.org for GUI details

Lite !

Pick Light Apps !

Good
Abiword Gnumeric Dillo Terminal window JWM, FVWM Older releases (Acrobat, Winzip, etc)

Bad
OpenOffice 1 (64M) OpenOffice 2 (128M) Firefox, Mozilla GUI apps Gnome, KDE Newer releases of the same products

Linux

Windows

Office 97 Office 2000, 2003, 2007 Notepad Word K-Meleon IE (any version), Firefox ImgBurn, FinalBurner Easy CD Creator, Nero TinyFirewall, Sygate ZoneAlarm Ad-aware, AVG ClamWin Windows 98, 3.1 GUIs Vista GUI

Free BSD
NetBSD NetBSD is a h ig h ly co n fig u rab le n ixlike o p en s o u rce OS th at is h ig h ly p o rtab le acro s s s y s tems . Datin g b ack to 1993, it ru n s o n man y res o u rcelimited co mp u ters . n o th er h eir to BSD, reeBSD may b e th e mo s t p o p u lar g en eral-p u rp o s e BSD s y s tem. Ru n s d o wn to 3 6s an d is s mall en o u g h to ru n o n emb ed d ed d ev ices . Details h ere.

reeBSD

ers io n s p rio r to 5.x req u ire at leas t a 3 6 with at leas t 16 memo ry an d 60 d is k fo r s tan d alo n e s y s tems . 5.x an d later req u ire at leas t a 4 6, with 24 memo ry an d 150 d is k. Details h ere.

BSD requires minimal resources for older versions -- originally released in 1993

Minix 3
Inspired Linux Fast and light (down to 486s) Apps cover all the bases... but not as many as Linux Open source

CTLALTDEL

Free DOS
Tons of apps Best on really old equipment (486/386/286/XT/PC) Great for non-GUI systems Some GUIs available Modern DOS overcomes old DOS limitations 1. FreeDOS 2. OpenDOS 3. DR-DOS Learn about todays DOS at -www.devedia.com/dosghost/dos/dosw31.asp Collectable Computers -- www.vintage-computer/vcforum

Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP)

PC Linux Server
100 mhz and 64 M + X-terminal PCs Running LTSP Linux

Big Money Saver !

See: FreeSoftwareMagazine.com article by Robert Pogson
http://www.freesoftwaremagazine.com/articles/linux_terminal_server

Also: www.ltsp.org

VI. Where to get a Free PC -- or -Give one away !

Where to Get a Free PC--

Phoebe Jane does the job !

Where to Get a Free PC-(or very low-cost PC)

* Trash * IT co-workers * Friends * www.FreeSharing.org * www.FreeCycle.org * www.CraigsList.org * Rummage sales

FreeSharing works !

Church rummage sales

What Does Free Mean ?

Free Hardware Free Software You pay labor Maybe you buy a part (eg: Memory) Internet subscription is not free

$ 10 avg / month SLOW $ 30 avg / month FAST

($5-10) ($10-40)
AT&T / Yahoo DSL is $10 / month !

Where to Donate a PC ?
Works?
Environmental Protection Agency
www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/recycle/ecycling/donate.htm#local
Craigslist.org, FreeSharing.org, FreeCycling.org, rummage sales Peoples Resource Center (www.peoplesrc.org) Wheaton

Resources?

-> 500 mhz or better

If too old for re-use

-> Sims/United Recycling 166 Harvester Ave, W. Chicago $0.25 / lb.

VII.

The New World of Free Computing

How the PC Industry Works

Wintel monopolizes U.S. computer market Over 50% of Microsofts revenue is from Windows & Office They have to force you to upgrade Each release soaks up new hardware for new functionality This Planned Obsolescence is artificial Conclusions - Word 97, 2000, 2003, 2007. Who cares? Non state-of-the-art PCs are useful Vista -- a great example of a needless upgrade

How Microsoft Forces You to Upgrade

MS software is designed not to run on older computers Software prerequisites are marketing-based (not technology-driven) (eg: you must have IE to get Windows Updates or run XP or etc. Or, you must have a certain level of product to use an unrelated product) Older MS software doesnt run on newer machines (eg: Win 98 needs bug fixes for > 512 M and > 2 ghz) MS terminates security fixes, support for older software (key due to Windows security flaws) WGA & PA kill old copies of software Registry prevents porting a Windows disk across computers or even an upgraded computer Registry locks / controls installed software Intentional incompatibilities between different versions of the same product (eg: older version of Word can not read *.doc file from newer version) EULAs say you cant legally transfer software to a second owner without COA and all doc Very difficult to anonymize Windows without wiping the disk New Windows versions are bundled with all PC purchases (no consumer choice due to coerced vendor lock-out)

Ability to Enforce Planned Obsolescence

High

Low

US Automotive Industry

PC Industry

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

The Monopoly is Ending

Free software

End of Monopoly

Cheap commodity hardware

Result -Planned Obsolescence Appropriate Technology

Low-end Machines Proliferate

OLPC - 433 mhz, 256M ram, 1G flash Self-powered Linux $175 -> $100 Intel Classmate - 900 mhz, 256M ram, 1-2G flash 4-hr battery Windows XP Pro or Linux $225 -> $200

Laptop Projects

Millions to be produced Built-in WIFI Kid-tough case Specs, cost in transition

Household appliance

Consumer PC

School requirement Purchase at Walmart or Target

VIII.

Resources

Example Computer Charity Programs

Peoples Resource Center (www.peoplesrc.org) Wheaton -> 500 mhz or better -> Give away > 5,000 computers in Dupage Country -> 100 / month -> Microsoft Authorized Refurbisher (MAR)
Alameda County Computer Resource Center (www.accrc.org)

-> Linux on old PCs (Suse or Ubuntu) -> Give away 5,000 to 10,000 / year Re-use, then Recycle Obsolescence is just a failure of imagination -- James Burgett

Recommended Resources
Free software websites-Windows-- TheFreeCountry.org MajorGeeks.com Download.com Linux-SourceForge.net Freshmeat.net
Hardware books-Where to get Drivers--

Hardware Info websites-1. 2. 3. 4. 5. TomsHardware.com PCGuide.com Computer.HowStuffWorks.com PCMech.pair.com PCSupport.About.com

Upgrading & Repairing PCs by Mueller Complete PC Upgrade & Maintenance Guide by Minasi

Windows -- DriverGuide.com Linux -- Linux-Drivers.org

Articles -http://www.linux.com/article.pl?sid=06/02/13/1854251 http://www.linuxforums.org/desktop/a_linux_distribution_for_an_old_laptop.html http://www.freesoftwaremagazine.com/articles/free_computing

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