Von Neumann Architecture

Objectives
Evaluate the VNA

What is a Von Neumann Architecture?

A design model for stored program that uses a processing unit (Revano, 2010) design model for a stored-program digital computer that uses a central processing unit (CPU) and a single separate storage structure ("memory") to hold both instructions and data.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_archite cture)

The Von Neumann Architecture

Another VNA

Central Processing Unit

Electronic circuit that execute computer programs

Computer Storage
Refers to components, devices and recording medium that retain digital data which are sed for computing some interval of time, structure to hold both instructions and data

Data
Anything in a form suitable for use with a computer

John Von Neumann

Hungarian American mathematician generally regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians in modern history (wikipedia.com) For further reading http://www.expertreviews.co.uk/gen eral/278242/top-10-most-importantpeople-in-the-history-of-computers

28 December 1903 - 8 February 1957

SOURCE: http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=John+Von+Neuman&um=1&hl=en& sa=N&tbm=isch&tbnid=2vX65yC4Opg7MM:&imgrefurl=http://www.expertrevi ews.co.uk/general/278242/top-10-most-important-people-in-the-history-ofcomputers/2&imgurl=http://photos.expertreviews.co.uk/images/front_picture_ library_Expert_Reviews/dir_264/er_photo_132307_50.gif&w=175&h=227&ei=s Zq_TbPFKIq4vgPh1uynBA&zoom=1&iact=hc&page=2&tbnh=143&tbnw=108&st art=10&ndsp=12&ved=1t:429,r:11,s:10&biw=1024&bih=456

Universal Turing Machine

Model for an all purpose machine that could run any in the arbitrary sequence of instructions called Quintuples and has a sequential architecture

Alan Turing

Founder of computer science, mathematician, philosopher, codebreaker, strange visionary and a gay man before his time: Source: http://www.turing.org. uk/turing/

More about UTM

A Turing Machine is the mathematical tool equivalent to a digital computer. It was suggested by the mathematician Turing in the 30s, and has been since then the most widely used model of computation in computability and complexity theory.

 The model consists of an input output relation that the machine computes. The input is given in binary form on the machine's tape, and the output consists of the contents of the tape when the machine halts.

Further reading
http://web.mit.edu/manoli/turing/www/turin g.html

Single Instruction Stream Data

SISD Refers to a computer architecture in which an unprocessed single processor, executes a single instruction stream to operate on data stored in a single memory.

More SISD
a term referring to a computer architecture in which a single processor, a uniprocessor, executes a single instruction stream, to operate on data stored in a single memory. This corresponds to the von Neumann architecture SOURCE: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SISD

Computer Program
Series of instructions written to carry out a specific task These instructions are carried out by the processing unit Makes computers to function

Read-write Memory
Type of memory that may be relatively easily written to as well as read RAM memory that can be accessed at any location and often used to describe wirtable memory

Colossus Computer
were electronic computing devices used by British codebreakers to help read encrypted German messages during World War II. They used vacuum tubes (thermionic valves) to perform the calculations. (SOURCE: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_compu ter)

ENIAC : Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer

A general purpose electronic computer was the first general-purpose electronic computer. It was a Turingcomplete digital computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems

Memory
Part of the computer that holds data and instructions for processiong Primary storage Main storage Internal storage Main memory

More of Memory
Physical Address Space address generated by the CPU Like an array of address locations in hardware the number of locations is limited by the size of an address Location Types - Bytes (8 bits) Modern systems -Characters (6 or 8 bits) or digits (4 bits) - Words (8, 12, 16, 30, 32, 48, 60, 64, ..., even 256 bits)

Control Unit
that controls the inside of the processor the circuitry that controls the flow of information through the processor and coordinates the activities of the other units within it

More of control unit

A Finite State Machine - states - Inputs/transitions/outputs Controls processing cycles - instruction states (fetch instruction, decode, execute) - data states (fetch, store)

More of control unit

Instructions, Addresses and ALU result flags are its inputs Control signal are its outputs

Arithmetic Logic Unit

Arithmetic and logical operations are performed and sometimes called the arithmetic unit Contains registers and/or accumulator for calculations and intermediate results Implements data load/store, basic arithmetic operations, logic operations and bit manipulations

Input/Output (I/O)
Basic I/O allows data and control flags to be passed - from external devices to registers - from registers to external devices

Direct Memory Access

Passes blocks of data from memory directly to external devices and from external devices directly to memory

Reference:
Revano, T. 2010. Computer Organization and Assembly Language. Mindshapers Co., INC. Intramuros, Manila

Accumulator
Special storage register associated with the arithmetic logical unit for storing the results of steps in a calculation or data transfer