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Clay Shirky
3G or 3rd generation mobile telecommunications,
is a generation of standards for mobile
phones and mobile telecommunication services
fulfilling the International Mobile
Telecommunications-2000 (IMT —
2000) specifications by the International
Telecommunication Union.
Generation Standards
0G
MTS · MTA · MTB · MTC · IMTS · MTD · ATS · OLT
· Autoradiopuhelin
1G
AMPS family
AMPS (TIA/EIA/IS-3, ANSI/TIA/EIA-553) · N-
AMPS (TIA/EIA/IS-91) · TACS · ETACS
2G
GSM/3GPP family
GSM · CSD
3GPP2 family
cdmaOne (TIA/EIA/IS-95 and ANSI-J-STD 008)
AMPS family
D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136)
Other
CDPD · iDEN · PDC · PHS
2G transitional (2.5G, 2.75G)
GSM/3GPP family
HSCSD · GPRS · EDGE/EGPRS (UWC-136)
3GPP2 family
CDMA2000 1X (TIA/EIA/IS-2000) · 1X Advanced
Other
WiDEN
From 2G to 3G
2G IS-95 GSM- IS-136 & PDC
GPRS
IS-95B
2.5G HSCSD EDGE
Cdma2000-1xRTT W-CDMA
3G Cdma2000-1xEV,DV,DO EDGE
Cdma2000-3xRTT TD-SCDMA
3GPP2 3GPP
3G
3GPP family
UMTS (UTRAN) · WCDMA-FDD · WCDMA-
TDD · UTRA-TDD LCR (TD-SCDMA)
3GPP2 family
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0 (TIA/IS-856)
3G transitional(3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G)
3GPP family
HSPA · HSPA+ · LTE (E-UTRA)
3GPP2 family
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Revision A (TIA/EIA/IS-856-
A) · EV-DO Revision B (TIA/EIA/IS-856-B) · DO
Advanced
IEEE family
Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e-2005) ·
Flash-OFDM · IEEE 802.20
4G (IMT-Advanced)
3GPP family
LTE Advanced
IEEE family
WiMAX-Advanced (IEEE 802.16m)
5G
Under development, no approved standard
International Telecommunication Union
The International Telecommunication
Union (Union internationale des télécommunications,
in French) is the specialized agency of the United
Nations which is responsible for information and
communication technologies.
ITU coordinates the shared global use of the radio
spectrum, promotes international cooperation in
assigning satellite orbits, works to improve
telecommunication infrastructure in the developing
world and establishes worldwide standards.
IMT-2000 (International Mobile
Telecommunications-2000)
Global standard adopted by the ITU for third generation
(3G) wireless communications
Associations
IMT-2000 is based on
WCDMA
IMT-2000 implements
Telephony Network
W-CDMA
W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple
Access), UMTS-FDD, UTRA-FDD, or IMT-
2000 CDMA Direct Spread is an air interface
standard found in 3G mobile
telecommunications networks.
W-CDMA Sphere
Application services Of 3G
Wide-area wireless voice telephone
Mobile Internet access
Video calls
Mobile TV
Application services Of 3G
Tele Medicine
Mobile Tv
Video Conferencing
Recent releases of 3G
Recent 3G releases, often denoted 3.5G and 3.75G,
also provide mobile broadband access of
several Mbits/s to smartphones and mobile
modems in laptop computers.
Standards Of 3G
UMTS system
TD-SCDMA radio interface.
The latest UMTS release, HSPA+
CDMA2000 system
GSM EDGE standard ("2.9G")
DECT cordless phones
Mobile WiMAX
History of 3G
The 3G (UMTS and CDMA2000) research and
development projects started in 1992.
Improved flexibility
Improved Security
Services Roadmap
Improved performance, decreasing cost of delivery
Broadband
3G-specific
3G-specific services
services take
take in wide area
advantage
advantage of
of higher
higher bandwidth
bandwidth
and/or Video sharing
and/or real-time QoS
real-time QoS Video telephony
AAnumber
number ofof mobile
mobile Real-time IP
services Multitasking multimedia and games
services are
are bearer
bearer
independent WEB browsing Multicasting
independent in in nature
nature
Corporate data access
Streaming audio/video
MMS picture / video
xHTML browsing
Application downloading
E-mail
Voice & SMS Presence/location
Push-to-talk
GSM GPRS EGPRS WCDMA HSDPA
9.6 171 473 2 1-10
kbps kbps kbps Mbps Mbps
2000 1x
CDMA
CDMA
CDMA
EVDO
EVDV
2000-
2000-
Evolution
Both 3GPP and 3GPP2 are currently working on
extensions to 3G standard that are based on an all-IP
network infrastructure and using advanced wireless
technologies such as MIMO, these specifications
already display features characteristic for IMT-
Advanced (4G), the successor of 3G. However, falling
short of the bandwidth requirements for 4G (which is
1 Gbit/s for stationary and 100 Mbit/s for mobile
operation), these standards are classified as 3.9G or
Pre-4G.
Evolution
3GPP plans to meet the 4G goals with LTE Advanced,
whereas Qualcomm has halted development of UMB
in favour of the LTE family.
On 14 December 2009, Telia Sonera announced in an
official press release that "We are very proud to be the
first operator in the world to offer our customers 4G
services." With the launch of their LTE network,
initially they are offering pre-4G (or beyond 3G)
services in Stockholm, Sweden and Oslo, Norway
Conclusion
3G is an exciting new technology that is being
incorporated into mobile devices across the globe.
Users are now able to make person-to-person calls,
download data and do a variety of other tasks they
never imagined possible all via their 3G cell phones
“The dwarf sees farther than the giant, when he has the
giant's shoulders to mount on”.
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Friend (sect. I, essay
VIII)
Special Thanks To Engr. Daud Channa
(IT Faculty Head FAST-NU)
THE END