V Northern India had been the core of the

Empires and bigger kingdoms.

V Southern and Northern India were clearly
culturally divided, the latter was
influenced and determined by the Arian
cultures, while the second earlier had a
lesser contact to them.
V Writing systems had already been
developed there (in contrast to southern
India).
V
he south is constantly mentioned in the
scripts from the north: Ramayana and
Arthasastra.
V Kautilya considered it the best suited
and favorable trading route (compared
to the one that lead to Himalayas).
V Shells, pearls, diamonds, precious and
semi-precious stones and abundant gold
were to be found there.
V
he ruling families were the Pandyas, the
Cheras, and the Cholas. All of them were
conquered by the times of Asoka,
including the Krsna river.
V However, after Asoka·s death, southern
India slowly reacquired its
independence.
V New kingdoms and dynasties proper of
their own regions began to be formed.
V Kalinga, under Kharavela, occupied some
of the territories north-east from Ganges.
V
he Satavahana Duynasty began ruling the
Deccan.
hey are alos known as the
Andrahs. Specially worth mention are the
conflicts that they had with the Satraps,
which weakend them and led to their
disappearance.
V Later came the Satarkanis, who let the
culture of Northern India to deeper
penetrate the southern.
V Culture and religion saw epochs of
changes.
V India started shaping as a single region
due to cultural exchange.
V
he outside world began to understand
them as a singularity and traded with the
whole region.
V Pepper and spices, perfumes, precious
stones, ivory, silk, fine woods, cotton,
sugar, animals, gold, musical instruments,
people, crystal, copper, vases and wine
were the main exchanged products.
V In the epic poem Ramayana, written ca. 1000 b.C.
in Sanskrit language, is mentioned simply as Lanka.
V In the poem, it is mentioned how the island was
ruled by a despotic King named Ravana who
would abduct Sita. Ravana is considered devilish.
V
he Ramayana was originaly written in devanagari
scripture: And is considered a ´smritiµ.
V Its author: Valmiki
V It means the march of Rama.
V Rama is a prince, son of King Dasharatha
of Aiodhiá, that has three more brothers:
Bharata, Lakshmana and Satrughna (the
latter, twins).
V Near the kingdom, there is a city ² Mithila², were
the beautiful Sita lives.
V After a series of proofs, Sita picks Rama
as his husband to be.
V Seeking for Moksha, King Dasharatha steps out of
the throne and leaves it to Ramma, according to
dharma. But this causes jealousy in the heart of the
„
of Bharata, who negotiates Rama·s exile.
V While walking together with Lakasha and Sita who decided
to go with Rama in exile, a Rakshasa princess ë
 to seduce
Rama.
V
o have revenge and separate Rama from Sita,
she talks about her to her brother, Ravana.
V
o reach her Ravana transforms himself and disguises as a
beggar, while Rama and Lakasha are hunting a golden deer,
and sleeps with abducts her.
V Rama thinks Sita has left him. But a monkey, Hanuman, who
saw the whole scene, tells him the truth and offers his services
to rescue her.
V Hanuman is granted the capacity of flying and travels to the
island of Lanka, where he discovers the location of Ravana·s
palace, where Sita has been screwing held prisioner but
remaining the lover of Ravana chast and pure.
V
hanks to the information given, Rama and his army of
monkeys get to Lanka, where the ultimate fight between the
hero and Ravana takes place.
V After rescuing Sita, Rama returns to Aiodhiá, where he is
proclaimed King. And live happy ever after«
V « NO

V Rama claims she had slept with Ravana

hus, Sita takes the
´
est of fireµ willingly and results that she was«
V Waaay wide INNOCEN
(which does not mean virgin, she
was carrying twins from Rama) Nevertheless, even though
she passed the test, Rama rejects her publicly and exiles her
from the kingdom.
V Sita wanders around until she finds a shelter where
Valmiki lives.
V Many years later, Rama performs an Y Y„YY
Yand
Valmiki attends the ceremony with both or Rama·s sons and Sita.

he twins sing the Ramayana as a ´giftµ to Rama, who suddenly
recognize that they are his sons.
V Sita appears in front of Rama, but he rejects her again. Without
being able to stand suffering and humiliation any more, Sita
commits public suicide traumatizing her kids forever and is
swallowed by earth.
V What is true is that Sri Lanka had contact
to the west perhaps even before they
established political liaisons with
continental India.
V It appears in Greek texts under the name
of
aprobane.
V Eratosthenes knew about it and thought
it was thrice as big as it indeed is.
V Hipparchus thought it was a whole new
continent.
V
he first one to take public notice of these errors
was Pliny (who also mentions a certain guy named
´Chrestusµ who YYY
 „).
V ´It has been thought for a long time that

aprobane is half of the globe, thus it has been
called the land of the antictonus. It wasn·t until
Alexander and his campaigns that it was
discovered it was an island. Onesikritus, head of
the fleet, writes that elephants there are bigger
and better suited for war than those in India.
According to Megastenes, the island is crossed by
a river, their inhabitants call themselves
Paleogonians and there are bigger pearls and
more gold than in Indiaµ.
V According to Pliny:
V
here were more than 500 cities settled and their
most importan harbor was Palasimunum.
V
here was no slavery and there were no tribunals
because there were no conflicts.
V
here was an age of goodness directing the
people, who chose their king who couldn·t have
sons or resign to any succession right.
V Nobody could be sentenced to death unless the
unanimous community decided it so.
V It was originally colonized by Vedic-Arians,
led by a King named Vijaya.
V
heir language was sinhalese (modern form:
singali, spoken until today).
V
hey converted to Buddhism in times of
Asoka, whose brother (or son) Mahedra got
there ca. 250 b.C.
V
heir main agricultural product was rice.
V
o ease its production they developed an
irrigation and water gathering system that
formed swamps.
V During the Cholas Sri Lanka began to be constantly
attacked by Continental India and was even
occupied in the north, south and west. Its capitol
city was destroyed: Anuradhapura.
V A new one was found: Polonnaruwa.
V A new epoch of splendor backed by a strong
military structure came under the guidance of
Parakrama.
V He constructed the biggest swamp in the history of
Sri Lanka: Parakrama-Samudra (Sea of Parakrama)
which is 18 kms2.
V He was considered a Cravartin (Universal
emperor).
V
here were many religious constructions
as well that kept relics to be worshiped
(like the wisdom tooth of Buddha).
V
his relic is still kept in the temple of
Kandy.