PNG, CNG Operation and

Distribution
 CONTENTS
CGD system – An Introduction

- History of Energy dynamism

- Challenges

- Neo energy forms and developments

- Natural Gas – The energy future

Demand Trend – Natural Gas

City Gas Distribution Concept

- PNG

- CNG
 CGD system – An Introduction

History of Energy dynamism

Wood and feed stock

Coal

Crude oil

Gas NCER Hydrogen Fuel

What Next ?????

 CGD system – An Introduction

Challenges
Environmental issues
Economical issues
Political issues
CGD system – An Introduction
CGD system – An Introduction
CGD system – An Introduction
CGD system – An Introduction
CGD system – An Introduction
 CGD system – An Introduction

Challenges
Environmental issues
Economical issues
Political issues
 CGD system – An Introduction

Neo energy forms and developments

Natural Gas
Coal Gas
Bio mass
Hydrogen fuel
Wind energy
Solar Energy
Hydel Energy
Nuclear Energy

….. And the search is ongoing…….

 CGD system – An Introduction

Natural Gas – The energy future

Availability
Economics
1) Processing (primary energy)
2) Distribution & Handling
3) Usage
3) Consumption
Environmental friendly
Safety
Comparison of Energy mix of World, Asia Pacific and India
Yr. 2005 World Asia Pacific India

Energy Consumption 10224 3199 376

(MTOE)
Energy Mix (%)

Coal 27% 47% 53%

Oil 37% 34% 32%

Natural gas 24% 10% 9%

Nuclear 6% 4% 1%

Hydro 6% 5% 5%

Oil & Gas Imports 2467 836 98

(MTOE) (US$30 billion)

Growth in Energy (last 10 yrs)

Total Primary Enrgy 2.1% 4.2% 4.8%

Natural Gas 2.6% 6.0% 6.8%

Gas consumption pattern in Indian market

2000 2005

Fertilizer 40% 29%

Power 38% 40%

Petrochemical & 5% 9%
Refineries

LPG & other liquid 4% 4%

HC
City Gas / CNG 1% 4%

Steel 6% 3%

Others 6% 11%
Total domestic gas demand (Hydro Carbon Vision 2025)

Sector Existing Additional Total (bcm)

(bcm) (bcm)

Fertilizer 25.40 33.60 56.00

Power 28.50 148.42 176.92

Steel 3.0 7.00 10.00

Others (including 20.00 50.00 70.00

Refinery and City
Gas)
 CITY GAS DISTRIBUTION CONCEPT
üDevelopment of Pipeline Network in a pre defined
geographical spread
üMaintaining Different Levels of Gas Pressure to meet
the Demand of various segments of gas users -
Domestic, Commercial, Industrial and Automobiles.
üDesigning high pressure and medium pressure
network such that supply to any consumer is possible
from either side.
 CITY GAS DISTRIBUTION CONCEPT
Contd….

üDesign gas storage for maximum survival period

üConsider safety at all stages
üBalance growth of all consumer sectors, specially
those cross subsidizing each other.
ü
CITY GAS DISTRIBUTION (CGD) - Over vie

ØCOMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG)

- AUTOMOBILES

ØPIPED NATURAL GAS (PNG)

- DOMESTIC

- COMMERCIAL

- INDUSTRIAL
 PNG benefits

üHassle free uninterrupted supply

üSafe
üLow operating costs
üInfrastructure development – one time cost
üNo spillage and pilferage
üLower maintenance cost for appliances
PNG SUPPLY
SYSTEM
NATURAL GAS DISTRIBUTION
PLAN
MAIN TRANSMISSION PIPELINE

CITY LIMITS
CITY GATE
EXECUTION & OPERATIONS
BY
GAS DISTRIBUTION COMPANY
Battery
Limits
CGD - Infrastructure
 Major Constituents of CGD are
Ø City Gate station

Ø Pipelines

üSteel Pipelines

üPoly Ethylene
Pipelines
üGI / Cu Pipes

Ø Regulating Stations

Ø CNG Stations
CITY GATE STATION (CGS)
ØCGS is the location of Custody Transfer from Transmission
Company to Distribution Company.

ØCGS has following facilities with a stand by mode :

üFilteration

üPressure Reduction

üMetering

üOdorization
 NETWORK PRESSURE
ØHIGH PRESSURE - Steel Pipeline MAOP
Class 150 # : 19 Kg/Cm2
Class 300 # : 49 Kg/Cm2
ØMEDIUM PRESSURE - PE Pipeline
PE 80 / PE 100
Pressure Range 4 Bar
ØLOW PRESSURE - GI & Copper
75 Mbar & 21 Mbar
NG Transportation & Distribution System

MDPE
Typical Piped Natural Gas Distribution Network
 PIPED NATURAL GAS SUPPLY MECHANISM
(THREE STAGE)
12” / 8” / 6” / 4” STEEL PIPELINE AT 19 BAR

4” STEEL PIPELINE

FIELD 4 BAR 180 / 125 / 63 / 32 MM MDPE DISTRIBUTION MAIN

REGULATING UNDERGROUND PIPELINE
STATION
RESIDENTIAL PREMISES B / W

INLET – 17-32 BAR

OUTLET – 4 BAR METER REGUATOR APPLAINCE VALVE
FILTER 100 Mbar to 21 mBAR
TWIN STREAM
REGULATION WITH
SLAMSHUT-OFF
PRESSURE RELEIF GI RISER FLEXIBLE RUBBER
METER 100 MBAR X 21 mBAR HOSE
HIGH / LOW
PRESSURE SLAM SHUT
CUT OFF METER
RELIEF VALVE
ISOLATION
SERVICE REGULATOR VALVE

PE / GI TRANSITION FITTING BURNER

GROUND LEVEL

KITCHEN B / W

20 MM MDPE PIPELINE
 PIPED NATURAL GAS SUPPLY MECHANISM
(TWO STAGE)
12” / 8” / 6” / 4” STEEL PIPELINE AT 19 BAR

4” STEEL PIPELINE
FIELD 4 BAR 180 / 125 / 63 / 32 MM MDPE DISTRIBUTION
REGULATING MAIN UNDERGROUND PIPELINE
STATION
RESIDENTIAL PREMISES B / W
INLET – 17-32 BAR
DOMESTIC APPLAINCE VALVE
OUTLET – 4 BAR
FILTER REGULATOR GI RISER
TWIN STREAM
4 BAR X 21MBAR
REGULATION WITH FLEXIBLE RUBBER
HIGH / LOW
SLAMSHUT-OFF PRESSURE SLAM HOSE
PRESSURE RELEIF SHUT CUT OFF
METER RELIEF VALVE METER
ISOLATION
VALVE
PE / GI TRANSITION FITTING BURNER
GROUND LEVEL
KITCHEN B / W

20 MM MDPE PIPELINE
MAJOR EQUIPMENT / COMPONENTS USED
FOR PNG DISTRIBUTION

ØFIELD REGULATING STATION

ØREGULATOR

ØMETERS

ØMETER REGULATING STATIONS

FIELD REGULATING STATION

FEATURES
ü TYPE- TWIN STREAM ACTIVE- MONITOR
REGULATORS WITH SLAMSHUT OF
VALVES AND METER
ü
ü INLET PRESSURE – 17 to 32 BAR
ü OUT LET PRESSURE – 4 BAR
ü DESIGN PRESSURE- 49 BAR
ü MAX. FLOW- 5000 / 10000 SCMH
ü
ü SAFETY FEATURES-
ü ACTIVE- MONITOR
REGULATION
ü OVER PRESSURE SHUT- OFF
ü UNDER PRESSURE SHUT-OFF
ü PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE
ü
ü METER TYPE- TURBINE / RPD WITH
FLOW COMPUTER
REGULATOR AND METER

DOMESTIC REGULATORS
l TYPE- DIRECT ACTING
l INLET PRESSURE – 1.0 to 4 BAR
l OUT LET PRESSURE – 21 Mbar
l MAX. FLOW- 6.5 Cu.M/Hr.
l SAFETY FEATURES-

OVER PRESSURE SHUT- OFF

UNDER PRESSURE SHUT-
OFF

RELIEF VALVE


DOMESTIC METER
TYPE – G-1.6
MAX. FLOW - 2.5 Cu.M/Hr.
MIN. FLOW – 0.016 Cu.M/Hr.
MOP- 300 mBAR
ACCURACY –
Q max TO 0.2 Q max +
2%
0.2 Q max TO Q min + 3%
METERING REGULATING STATION 
INSTALLED AT COMMERCIAL`S
FEATURES
üCUSTOMISED
üTYPE- TWIN / SINGLE STREAM
REGULATORS WITH SLAMSHUT OF
VALVES AND METER
ü
üINLET PRESSURE – 19 / 4 BAR
üOUT LET PRESSURE – AS REQUIRED
üDESIGN PRESSURE - AS REQUIRED
üMAX. FLOW - AS REQUIRED
ü
SAFETY FEATURES -
ü OVER PRESSURE SHUT- OFF
ü UNDER PRESSURE SHUT-OFF
ü PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE
ü
üMETER TYPE- TURBINE / RPD WITH
FLOW COMPUTER
üPRESSURE GAUGES
 MDPE PIPES AND FITTINGS
ØSTANDARD PIPE SIZES BEING USED OD IN MM
- 180, 125, 90, 63, 32, 20
ØASSOCIATED FITTINGS
a.Coupler
b.Elbow
c.Tee
d.Reducer
e.Valve
f.Transition Fittings
g.Tapping Saddles
h.End Caps
 CATEGORIES OF PE FITTINGS
üELECTRO FUSION FITTINGS

Injected moulded
polyethylene accessories
equipped with a heated
element designed to transform
electrical energy into heat to
create self-welding

üSPIGOT FITTINGS

PE fittings having
smooth ends which requires
electro fusion accessories to
weld to other pipe / fittings
 TYPES OF PE FITTINGS

ü PE PIPE COUPLERS



FOR JOINING PIPE TO
PIPE AND PIPE TO FITTING

üTAPPING SADDLE

FOR TAKING TAP-OOFS

FROM LIVE LINES

üPE SHUT-OFF VALVES

FOR ISOLATING PE GAS

PIPELINES

üREDUCERS

FOR CONNECTING PIPES

OF DIFFERENT DIAMETER.
 TYPES OF PE FITTINGS (Contd…)
üPE ELBOWS
FOR JOINING PIPES
IN DIFFERENT ANGLE

üTRANSITION FITTINGS
ADAPTORS FOR PE TO
STEEL / GI.

üEQUAL TEE
FOR BRANCHING OF
PIPELINE NET WORK

üEND CAPS
INSTALLED AT THE END OF
THE PIPELINE
CNG - Histor y
 CNG Benefits

üEnvironmentally friendly fuel

üSafe for vehicles
üLow operating costs
üIncreases components / consumables life
üImproves country economy
CNG Station Types
Types of CNG Stations – Gas supply

Online Station
Types of CNG Stations – Gas supply

Mother Station
Types of CNG Stations – Gas Supply

Daughter (Booster) Station

Types of CNG Stations – Filling
Types of CNG Stations – Filling
CNG Station Layout
CNG Station Layout

Dryers
CNG Station Layout

Dryers
CNG Station Layout

Compressor
CNG Station Layout
CNG Station Layout
CNG Station Layout
CNG Station Layout

Twin Hose Single Hose