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m cognitive mental processes; @  m a product
of these processes

The term    (Latin: !!   "to


know" "to conceptualize" or "to recognize")
refers to a faculty for the processing of
information applying knowledge and
changing preferences.

Cognition refers to mental activity including


thinking remembering learning and using
language.
John Bissell | oll Kenneth |h st in
John Bissell | oll
(June 5, 1916 ± July 1, 2003)
was an American psychologist known for
his contributions to psychology,
educational linguistics and psychometrics

Carroll studied at Wesleyan University, majoring in Classics and


graduating summa cum laude in 1937. He attended the
University of Minnesota to earn a doctoral degree in
Psychology. During this time, he focused his studies on verbal
aptitude and completed his dissertation, ³A Factor Analysis of
Verbal Abilities,´ in 1941.
Kenneth |h st in is p ofesso eme itus
in the dep tment of Sp nish, t li n,
nd Po tuguese t the Unive sity of
i gini
http://mcg  hill com u/html/9780071414166 html)

mhe Development of Modern Language


Skills, Houghton Mifflin, 1971
moward a Philosophy of Second-Language
Learning and meaching, Heinle & Heinle,
1980
Vamos Bienvenidos Al Mundo Hispanico,
1985
Developing Second-Language Skills, 3rd,
Harcourt, 1988
Spanish Grammar in Review, McGraw Hill,
1993
Vamos!, 1997
English as a Communication System,
Authorhouse, 2001
Omri and the Boy, Authorhouse, 2001
Imaginate!: Managing Conversations in
Spanish, 3rd, Heinle, 2003
mhe cognitive approach, also known as
cognitive code-learning theory, was
intended as an alternative to the
audiolingual method that emphasizes habit
formation as process of language learning.
Because of its emphasis on studying a
foreign language as a system of rules and
knowledge, rather than learning it as a set
of skills, the cognitive approach is
sometimes considered the modern version
of the grammar-translation method.
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3mhe theory attaches more importance to
the learner's understanding of the structure
of the foreign language than to the facility
in using that structure, since it is believed
that provided the student has a proper
degree of cognitive control over the
structures of the language; facility will
develop automatically with use of the
language in meaningful situations.3

3...learning a language is a process of


acquiring conscious control of the
phonological, grammatical, and lexical
patterns of the second language, largely
through study and analysis of these
patterns as a body of knowledge.3
English language teachers can achieve
practical coverage of cognitive le ning
theo y by«

1.) «reviewing the history of language


teaching, especially the period in the
mid 20th century when 3meaningful
drills3 were being advocated and the
shortcomings of 3meaningless drills3
were being highlighted and

2.) putting trainee teachers into the


situations encountered by language
learners
Vn the classroom
The approach included the clear and
structured use of concept questions
to help learners identify the limits of
use of structure and lexis and
teachers still find this useful. The
PPP methodology (Presentation
Practice and Production) through
which learners gain a clear
understanding of a grammatical rule
before they practice it in meaningful
contexts may still suit some learning
contexts and teachers.
mhe aim of the class is for
learners to understand the
µrule of the day', which is that
the past form of regular verbs
is made using -ed. mhe
teacher elicits a dialogue that
includes clear examples of
the structure. mhe learners
practise it, and the teacher
uses it to elicit the rules.

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