conte exampl exercis answer

nt es es s

Prepared by: LOH MING SMK

BANDAR SIBU
9.1 Concept of Differentiation
A) Limit of a function
B) Gradient of a chord joining points on a curve
9.2 The first Derivative of Polynomial Funct
-- Equation of the tangent to a curve at a point
9.3 Maximum and Minimum Values
A) Turing points of a curve
B) Maximum and minimum points
9.1 Concept of Differentiation
A) Limit of a function
B) Gradient of a chord joining points on a curve
9.2 The first Derivative of Polynomial Funct
-- Equation of the tangent to a curve at a point
9.3 Maximum and Minimum Values
A) Turing points of a curve
B) Maximum and minimum points
9.1 Concept of Differentiation
9.2 The first Derivative of Polynomial Func
9.3 Maximum and Minimum Values
 A) Limit of a function
 If y = f(x) , the first derivative of y with
dy
respect to x fis' ( xwritten
) as or .
dx
 dy δy
= lim( )
dx δx

where δx δy
and are small changes in x
and y respectively.
dy

dx is the gradient function or gradient
of the tangent at any y = point
f(x) to the curve
Example
s
.
 B) Gradient of a chord joining points on a curve

In the diagram above, and are

P( x , y ) Q( x , y )
two pints on the curve 1 1 2
. The gradient
2

of the chordy =PQ

f (x)is given by the formula
below.
y2 − y1
Gradient of the chord PQ =
Example
s x2 − x1
Example 1:
Determine the limit for the following
function. Solution:

a)

Solution:

b)
 Solution:
c)

d)
Solution:

conte
nt
Example 2:

Find the gradient of the chord PQ as

shown in the diagram above.
 Solutio
yn:= x 2 + 3
Let P = ( x1 , y1 ), Q = ( x2 , y2 )

For point P, x1 = 1, y1 = 1 + 3
2

=4
x
For point Q, 2 = 3, y 2 = 3 2
+3
= 12

y2 − y1
Gradient of the chord PQ=
x2 − x1
12 − 4
= =
3 −1
4
conte
nt
 1) y = ax n dy
= nax n −1
a and n are constants dx

2) y=k dy
=0
k is a constant dx
3) y = f ( x) ≠ g ( x) dy
= f ' ( x) ≠ g ' ( x)
dx
4)
y = uv dy dv
=u +v
du
u and v are functions of x
dx dx dx
5) u du dv
y= v −u
dy
v
= dx 2 dx
u and v are functions of x dx v
6) dy dy du
Example y = un = +
s u is a function of x dx du dx
 Equation of the tangent to a curve
at a point

Equation of the tangent to a curve at point P

can be determine by:

Example y − y1 = m( x − x1 )
Examples:
Determine the first derivative of each of the
following functions.
y = 5x
3

1)
y = 5x3
Solution:
dy
= 5(3x 3−1 )
dx
= 15x 2

y =8
2) y =8
Solution:
dy
=0
dx
 3) f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 4 x 2 − 5 x
Solution: f ( x) = 2 x 3 + 4 x 2 − 5 x
d d d
f ' ( x) = (2 x 3 ) + (4 x 2 ) − (5 x)
dx dx dx
= 6x 2 + 8x − 5

4) y = ( 2 x 2
− 3)(3 x 2
+ 1)

Solution: u = 2 x 3 − 3, v = 3x 2 + 1
du dv
= 4x , = 6x
dx dx
dy dv du
=u +v
dx dx dx
= (2 x 3 − 3)(6 x) + (3 x 2 + 1)(4 x)
= 12 x 3 − 18 x + 12 x 3 + 4 x
= 24 x 3 − 14 x
5) 1 + 4 x
x2 − 2

1+ 4x
Solution: y=
x2 − 2
Let
u = 1 + 4 x, v = x2 − 2
du dv
=4 , = 2x
dx dx
du dv
v −u
dy
= dx 2 dx
dx v
( x 2 − 2)(4) − (1 + 4 x)(2 x)
=
( x 2 − 2) 2
4 x 2 − 8 − 2 x − 8x 2
=
( x 2 − 2) 2
− 4x2 − 2x − 8
=
( x 2 − 2) 2
− 2( 2 x 2 + x + 4)
=
( x 2 − 2) 2
 6) y = (3 x 2 − 5) 4
Solution:
y = (3 x 2 − 5) 4
y = u4 , u = 3x 2 − 5
Let
dy du
= 4u ,3
= 6x
du dx
dy dy du
= ×
dx du dx
= 4u 3 (6 x)
= 24 xu 3
= 24 x(3 x 2 − 5) 3

conte
nt
7

Solution:

conte
nt
 A) Turing points of a curve

Example
s
 B) Maximum and minimum points

Example
s
E1
E2
Example:
1

Solutio
n:

conte
nt
 Example:
= x 3the
1 Find the coordinates of the turning pointsy of − 3x 2 curve
+4
. Hence, determine whether each of
the turning points is a maximum or a minimum point.
Solution:
Example:
2

Soluti
on:

conte
nt
 4
1

3
6
1. 3 5. x = 25, y = 25
2. a ) 4 max area = 625 unit 2
b) 2 x − 4
6. r = 1.471, h = 2.941
3. a ) − 3(1 − 2 x) 4 (12 x − 1)
− 5x 2 − 4
b) 2
( x − 4) 4
1 1
c) − 2
4 4x
d ) 4( x 2 − 3) 3 (9 x 2 − 2 x − 3)
e) 1
f ) 3 x 2 (2 x − 1) 2 (4 x − 1)
4. a )(i )6
(ii ) y = 6 x − 4
1 13
(iii ) y = − x +
6 6
b)(i ) 2
(ii ) y = 2 x + 6
1 7
(iii ) y = − x +
2 2