Metals & non-metals

p Elements are classified into:

Metals eg. Aluminium, calcium, copper, iron, gold
Non-metals eg. Carbon, phosphorous, oxygen,
hydrogen
p Metals react with non-metals to form
compounds eg. Zinc oxide, calcium carbonate,
lead chloride, sodium silicate
p Different metals react with non-metals at
different rates.
p Active metals react more vigorously than less
active metals with non-metals
Eg.
Magnesium reacts more vigorously than iron
with oxygen
Zinc reacts more vigorously than copper with
sulphur
 ˜eaction of metals with sulphur
p Most metals react with sulphur to form metal
sulphide
Metal + sulphur  metal sulphide
EA˜
 C˜
 Minerals in the Earths crust
p Mineral: a naturally occurring inorganic
crystalline solid with a fixed chemical
composition.
p olid elements or compounds
Elements in the earths crust
 Natural elements
p Gold
p ilver
p Platinum
p mercury
 Natural compounds
p Present in the form of :
Oxides
ulphides
Carbonates
ilicates
 Properties of minerals
p Based on

ardness
olubility
Effect of heat

ardness
p Metal oxides, metal carbonates and metal
sulphides are hard
 olubility
p Metal oxides do not dissolve in water except
potassium, calcium and magnesium oxide
p All metal carbonates do not dissolve in water
except potassium carbonate and sodium
carbonate
p Metal sulphides do not dissolve in water
except potassium and sodium sulphide
 Effect of heat
p Metal oxides do not decompose on heating
except mercury and silver oxide
p Metal carbonates decompose on strong
heating and release carbon dioxide except
potassium and sodium carbonate
Metal carbonate metal oxide + carbon dioxide
Calcium carbonate  calcium oxide + carbon
dioxide
p Metal sulphides decompose on heating to
release sulphur dioxide except potassium and
sodium sulphides
Metal sulphide  metal oxide + sulphur dioxide
Copper sulphide  copper oxide + sulphur
dioxide
ulphur dioxide turns acidified potassium
manganate solution from purple to colourless
 ˜eaction of metals with non-metals
p Elements can be classified into:
metals eg aluminium, calcium, copper, iron, gold
non-metals eg. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
phosphorous
p Metals have different properties from non-
metals
p Metals react with non-metals  compounds
 ˜eaction of metals with oxygen
p Most metals react with oxygen to form metal
oxides
p he Earths crust contains many metal oxides
p Energy is released when metal reacts with
oxygen to form an oxide
Metal +oxygen  metal oxide + energy
Eg. Magnesium + oxygen  magnesium oxide
 ˜eaction of metals with sulphur
p Most metals react with sulphur to form metal
sulphide
Metal + sulphur  metal sulphide
Eg. Zinc + sulphur  zinc sulphide + energy
iron + sulphur  Iron sulphide + energy
p Metals react with oxygen at different rattes
p Active metals react more vigorously than less
active metals with oxygen to form metal
oxides
p imilarly, active metals react more vigorously
with sulphur than non-reactive metal to form
metal sulphides