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Quality Planning

And
Defect
Estimation r
k e
y Ba s
d b
n te
se
Pre rge
Geo
Quality Planning
Not only Cost & Schedule but QUALITY
is also a major factor in determining the
success of the project.
There are many characteristic which
define Quality.
But the de facto industry standard
definition of Quality is: “The number of
defects per unit size in the delivered
software”
Definition of Defect
What is defect?
Defect in software is something
that causes the software to
behave in a manner that is
inconsistent with the requirement
of the need of the customer.
Cont….
For High Quality software, the final
product should have as few defects
as possible.
Since Software Development is a
HUMAN activity, it is not possible to
prevent injection of all defects.
But it can be reduced by Quality
control activity, which is Review &
Testing.
Cont…
In this chapter we shall study how quality
control activities are Planned & Managed
The Software Product Engineering KPA of CMM
Level 3 includes some key practices that is
used to test software for Quality.
Software Quality Management KPA at Level 4
focus on Quantitatively Planning & Controlling
the quality in a project.
Quality Management
The task of quality management is
To plan suitable quality control activities
Properly execute & control these activities
such that most defects are detected during
“In-Process” & removed before delivery.
In process activities include:
 Requirement Review, Design Review, Code

review
 Unit Testing, Integration Testing, System

Testing & Acceptance Testing


Procedural Approach to
Quality Management.
Defects are detected by performing Review
or Testing
Review are structured, human oriented
process
Testing is the process of executing software
to identify defects
In procedural approach for Quality
management, procedures & guidelines for
review & testing are established.
Cont…
For example, the system testing
procedure involves making a test plan
that lists all test cases that should be
executed during testing, getting the
plan reviewed & then executing the
plan.
The above approach is called procedural
approach to defect identification.
Defect Injection & Removal
during Development process
Defect Injection

Requirement R Design R Codin R UT IT/IST AT


Analysis
g

R- Defect Removal
Quantitative Approach to
Quality Management
Quantitative Quality Management is
the process of controlling the Quality
of the software based on
quantitative data.
It makes use of software reliability
model.
These model indicate weather the
reliability is acceptable or more
testing is needed.
Cont…
A good quality management approach
should provide warning signs early in the
project & not just towards the end.
Early warning allow for timely intervention
Therefore during project execution some
parameter are measured & compared with
the estimated values to determine whether
the project is going along “desired” path.
Cont…
Another quality concept is defect
removal efficiency.

Defects found by the QC


DRE activity
= Total defects in the product before the QC
activity
Quantitative Quality Management
through defect prediction

This approach makes use of


observed defects pattern in
previous projects to forecast defect
levels. UT
DD Defects during
HL IT
ST diff. Review
Defects

RR D phase
AT

Operation

Time
Quantitative Quality
Management Planning

This process involves setting the


Quality goals for the project.
The quality goal is the expected no
of defects during acceptance test.
The primary source for setting the
quality goals are
 PDB & PCB
Cont…

Estimate for AT defects(SP) X efforts


AT defects(P) estimate(P)
= Actual
efforts(SP)
Estimating Defects for other
stage:

From the estimate of the total no of


defects that will be introduced during
the course of the project, the defect
level for different testing stage are
forecast by using percentage
distribution of defects as given in PCB
Cont…
Defect distribution at Infosys PCB
Process Stage %tage of total
defects
SRS +HLD +Detail 15% - 20%
design Reviews
Code review+Unit 50%-70%
testing
Integration testing + 20%-28%
System testing
Acceptance Testing 5%-10%

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