By

Thirupathaiah.S
M-Tech(DECS)
 AGENDA
 Introduction to 4G
 Overview of 1G
 Overview of 2G
 Overview of 3G
 4G

Objectives of 4G

Principle technology used in 4g

Parameters of 4G

advantages of 4G

Difference between 3G&4G
 Fourth generation wireless system with wide area
coverage and high throughput.
 Any where any time multimedia
 4G is a successor to 3G and 2G standards

 It is going to be launched in the year 2010.

 AMPS ( Advance mobile phone system ) was
first launched by US in 1980’s
 the radio signals that 1G networks use are
analog
 Up to 2.4Kbps
 1G technology which allows users to make
voice calls within one country.
 Access technology used is fdma
 2G cellular telecom networks were commercially launched in
1991
 Digital –consists of 1s and 0s
 Digital signal: 1) Low level, 2) High level, 3) Rising edge, and
4) Falling edge
 Second Generation (2G): Digital voice systems

CDMA,

TDMA

GSM (Global System for Mobile communication),
PDC (Japan) D-AMPS(Digital Advanced Mobile Phone
System)

PCS Systems
 Second Generation – advanced (2.5G): Combining voice
and data communications

Providing enhanced data rate

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)
o
email and web browsing
Advantages:
 The lower powered radio signals require less

battery power
 The digital voice encoding allows digital error

checking
- increase sound quality
- lowers the noise level
 Introduction of digital data transfer

- SMS –“short message service”

- E-mail
Disadvantages:
 Cell towers had a limited coverage area

 Low data transfer rate

 2.05 Mbits/second to stationary devices.
 384 Kbits/second for slowly moving devices, such as
a handset carried by a walking user.
 128 Kbits/second for fast moving devices, such as
handsets in moving vehicles.
 A greater number of users that can be simultaneously
supported by a radio frequency bandwidth
Advantages
 More bandwidth, security, and reliability

 Fixed and variable data rates.

 multimedia services.
 Global roaming

 Large capacity and broadband capabilities

Disadvantages of 3G
 3G phones are expensive

 High input fees for the 3G service licenses

 Lack of 2G mobile user buy-in for 3G wireless

service
 network deployment costs

 Base stations need to be closer to each

other(more cost)
Time-Line of “Generations
            3G                    4G

 
               1.8 - 2.5 GHz                     2 - 8 GHz
Frequency Band 

              Bandwidth                  5-20 MHz              5-20 MHz

               Data rate       Up to 2Mbps          Up to 20 Mbps or more

  Multi-carrier - CDMA  or
              Access           Wideband CDMA
OFDM

            Switching                Circuit/Packet                    Packet

        Mobile top speeds                  200 kmph                  200 kmph
Objectives
 4G is being developed to accommodate
the quality of service
 Improve applications like wireless
broadband access, Multimedia Messaging
Service (MMS), video chat, mobile TV,
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), minimal
services like voice and data
 A data rate of at least 100 Mbps between
any two points in the world
Principal technologies
 OFDM
 MIMO: To attain ultra high spectral efficiency
 single channel utilizes multiple sub-carriers
on adjacent frequencies.
 sub-carriers in an OFDM system are
precisely orthogonal to one another, thus
they are able to overlap without interfering
 It allows transfer of more data than other
forms of multiplexing (time, frequency,
code, etc)
User data rate 2.56 - 8.96 Mbps
Modulation QPSK,QAM
Coding rate 1/2 - 7/8
Data subcarriers 512 (average) (128, 256,384
optional
Symbol duration 200µs
Guard interval 40µs
Subcarrier spacing 6.25 kHz
Channel Spacing 5 MHz (1.25 MHz optional)
Carrier frequency --2GHz
Smart antennas are used which can increase systems capacity
Spatial multiplexing is used
PARAMETERS 4G
Key Requirement Data and voice converged over IP
IP All IP (lPv6)
Frequency Band Higher frequency bands 2 - 8 GHz
Bandwidth 5 - 20 MHz (might even go to 100
MHz or higher)
Data Rate Up to 20 Mbps (might even reach 100
Mbps or more)

Access Technology Multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA)or

OFDM(TDMA)
Switching Design Basis Packet
Mobile Top Speeds 200 km/hr
Deployment 2007-2010
 High speed
 low cost per bit
 High quality of service
 Variety of services
 On connectivity
1. NTT DoCoMo (JAPAN)
2. DIGIWEB (IRELAND)
3. SPRINT (CHICAGO)
4. VERIZON WIRELESS
5. VODAFONE GROUP
6. AMERICAN WIRELESS PROVIDER
CLEARWIRE ETC..
T3’s 3D GOGGLE PHONE NOKIA’s WRISTBAND SAMSUNG
PHONE
1.www.3gpp.org
2.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4g
2. WCDMA for UMTS, Ed.: H. Holma and A. Toskala, John
Wiley, 2001
3. www.3g4g.co.uk/4g
4.Lu, W.W.~ Berezdivin, R.~ "Technologies on Fourth-
Generation Mobile Communications", IEEE Wireless
Communication, vol. 9, issue 2, April 2005
5. “CDMA or TDMA? CDMA for GSM?” by Paul Walter Baier
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel2/4069/11648/00529459.pdf?
isnumber=11648&arnumber=529459
6. V. Gazis, “Evolving Perspectives of 4th GenerationMobile
Communication Systems,” IEEE PIMRC 2002,Coimbra,
Portugal, Sept2004
7. www.mobileinfo.com