Monitoring Gaseous Pollutants

Wet Chemical Methods

Ozone
 Measurement of Gaseous
Pollutants
Choices for Wet Chemical Methods
Pollutants that can be easily monitored:
 SO2 – West & Gaeke method

 Nox – Sodium-Arsenite method

 NH3 – Indophenol blue method

 Ozone

Choices of hardware:
 APM411 Attachment with RDS

 APM411TE Attachment with RDS

 APM433 Independent Gaseous Sampler

 Measurement of Gaseous
Pollutants
The new APM 411TE
Gaseous Sampling Attachment
 Thermoelectric Coolers keep the
impingers at a cool 15ºC even
when ambient temperature
reaches 40ºC
 Built-in thermostat avoids
absorbing reagent freezing in
winter nights.
 Modified Flow Control Needle
Valve Assembly and filter dryer
tubes maintain pre-set sampling
rate.
 Dryer tubes have indicating
blue-silica gel and can be re-
used after a suitable bake.
 Impingers conform to BIS
 APM 433 Gaseous Sampler
Specially tailored for Wet Chemical
Methods
Hardware Included to Facilitate Stand Alone
Operation:
 Diaphragm Pump

 Timer

 Time Totalizer

Important Changes:
 Pump provides enough suction pressure to allow

use of fritted impinger – needed for NOx

 One Impinger with Fritted-disc provided with each

unit.
 Impinger designed for Ozone monitoring provided

as an Optional Accessory
 UV ABSORPTION METHOD for
Measurement of Ozone
 Ozone is continuously measured by ultraviolet absorption
photometry.
 In the ultraviolet analyzer, a mercury vapor lamp is used to
produce ultraviolet radiation at 254 nm which is
absorbed by the ozone in the air sample. The ozone
signal is determined by the difference between
ambient air containing ozone and ambient air with
the ozone removed or scrubbed.
 The ultraviolet analyzer is calibrated by comparison with an
ozone photometer which is certified as a transfer standard.
The transfer standard is certified against absolute ozone
photometers located at the California Air Resources Board
test and laboratory facilities or NIST. The minimum
detectable level of UV monitors is about 2-5 ppbv.
 UV ABSORPTION METHOD

 Interference's
 Water vapor may also interfere with the UV method when water
vapor concentrations are high and variable. These interference's
appear to be due to the condensation of water vapor on imperfect
absorption cell windows and Ozone scrubber.
 In tropical area we recommend the installation of heated “ Ozone
Scrubber” to reduce interference's from water vapour.
 EC9810 Principle

Sample Microprocessor
Inlet
O3 Output
Particulate
Filter

Detector

UV source Absorption
(Measurement Cell)

exhaust
 EC9810 Operation

The EC9810 ozone monitor is a US EPA equivalent method (U.V.)

photometer. This measurement principal is based on the
ozone’s characteristics of absorbing U.V.light at a wavelength of
253.7 nm. Two measurements of a U.V. lamp’s light intensities
are taken in a measurement cycle. In the first, an air sample is
passed directly to the sample cell, the second is directed
through the ozone scrubber. The scrubber function is to
selectively remove the ozone from the sample for the reference
portion of the measurement cycle,leaving all other potential
interference’s intact. These interference’s are then
compensated by the differential process of subtracting the
measurement cycle from the reference cycle to produce an
ozone measurement.
 Theory of operation cont.

§ To avoid interference from a number of compounds absorbing light

at 254 nm, the predominant wavelength emitted by the UV lamp,
such compounds include aromatics HC,NO, SO2,H2O and others
including instability of the light source. The scrubber selectively
removes O3 but passes the interfering compounds. Thus, the
intensity ratio described in the previous paragraph is a function of
only ozone absorption.
 Ozone Analyzers in use in India

 Envirotech commissioned the first Ozone Analyzer at

Hyderabad in 2006
 Early users of Ozone Analyzers supplied by
Envirotech:
§ Tata Power, Mumbai

§ UP Pollution Control Board – Kanpur, Varanasi and

Agra
§ Sri Ramchandra Institute, Chennai

§ Annamalai University, Chennai

§ NIT, Trichy
 Siting of Monitoring Station

Note that ozone is a reactive gas that is absorbed by

vegetation, measurements should therefore be carried out well
away from plant life. O3 Networks should sample 3-5m above
ground level and more than 20 m away from trees. Sampling
manifolds should be made of material that is inert to ozone,
such as glass, Teflon,FEP, residence time of the sample gas
should be as short as possible. The sample lines to the analyzer
should be kept as short as possible to avoid losses, and should
be thermally isolated to prevent condensation. Any ambient NO
present in the sample air will react with some of the ozone
during the residence time in the sample line.
 EC9810 Specifications

 Ozone Range: 0 - 20 ppm

 Resolution: 0.001 ppm
 Precision : 0.001 ppm
 Zero drift 30 day: 0.001 ppm
 Span drift 30 day: 0.002 ppm/C0 or 0.5%
 Temperature range: 5 - 40 C0
 EPA designated range: 0 - 50 to 0 - 1000 ppb
 Sample flow: 0 - 0.5 to 0 - 0.75 slpm