Algebra

Evaluating Expressions
Factorising – The common factor

04/15/11
 Algebra
Evaluating Expressions – number for letter

Learning Intention Success Criteria

1. Be able to substitute
1. To show how to evaluate
numbers for letters in an
an expression given values
expression.
for the letters.
2. Use previous knowledge to
evaluate expression.

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 Algebra
Evaluating Expressions – number for letter
Given the following information find the values of :-
BODMAS

a = 3 ; b = 4 and c = -1

5a = 5 × 3 = 15
2a + c = 2 × 3 + ( −1) = 5
b − a = (4 × 4) − (3 × 3) = 16 − 9 = 7
2 2

2b = 2 × b × b = 2 × 4 × 4 = 32
2

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 Algebra
Evaluating Expressions – number for letter
Given the following information find the values of :-
a = 3 ; b = 4 and c = -1

5c = 5 × c × c = 5 × (−1) × (−1) = 5
2

2a + 3b + 30c
2

= (2 × a × a ) + (3 × b) + (30 × c )
= (2 × 3 × 3) + (3 × 4) + (30 × ( −1))
= 18 + 12 − 30 = 0
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 Algebra
Evaluating Expressions – number for letter

Now try Exercise 4

Ch2 (page 51)

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 Starter Questions

1. My shape has 1 line of symmetry, 1 pair of equal

angles and adjcent lengths are equa l.
What is my shape?

2. Find the highest common factor for

(a) 12 and 24 (b) 2x and 10x

3. Calculate 6a+ 5ab when a =(-1) b=( -2)

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 Algebra
Factorising – The Common Factor

Learning Intention Success Criteria

1. Be able to recognise the

1. To show how to reverse
HCF for set of values.
the process of removing
bracket ‘factorising’. 2. Understand the term
factorising.
3. Factorise simple expressions.

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 Factors
Int 2
Highest Common Factor

Example :Find the HCF of 8 and 12.

F8 = 1 and 8 F12 = 1 and 12

2 and 4 2 and 6
3 and 4

HCF = 4

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 Factors
Int 2
Highest Common Factor

Example :Find the HCF of ab and 2b.

www.mathsrevision.com

F ab = 1 and ab Fx2= 1 and 2b

a and b 2 and b
HCF = b
Example :Find the HCF of 2h2 and 4h.

F 2h2 = 1 and 2h2 F4h = 1 and 4h

2 and h2 , h and 2h HCF = 2h 2 and 2h
04/15/11 Created by Mr. Lafferty@mathsrevision.com
4 and h
 Factors
Find the HCF for these terms

(a) 16w and 24w 8w

(b) 9y2 and 6y 3y

(c) 4h and 12h2 4h

(d) ab2 and a2b

ab
04/15/11 Created by Mr. Lafferty@mathsrevision.com
 Factorising

Example Factorise 3x + 15

1. Find the HCF for 3x and 15 3

2. HCF goes outside the bracket 3( )

3. To see what goes inside the bracket

divide each term by HCF
3x ÷ 3 = x 15 ÷ 3 = 5 3( x + 5 )
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 Factorising

Example Factorise 4x2 – 6xy

1. Find the HCF for 4x2 and 6xy 2x

2. HCF goes outside the bracket 2x( )

3. To see what goes inside the bracket

divide each term by HCF
4x2 ÷ 2x =2x 6xy ÷ 2x = 3y 2x( 2x- 3y )
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 Algebra
Factorising – The Common Factor
Simply find the HCF for a given set of data
and write the data using brackets :-

HCF ?
6

6 x − 12 = 6(x −2 )
HCF ?
4

8a − 12b = 4( 2a −3b )
04/15/11
 Algebra
Factorising – The Common Factor
Simply find the HCF for a given set of data
and write the data using brackets :-

HCF ?
a

am + an = a (m + n )
HCF ?
3x

9 x − 6 x = 3 x( 3 −2x )
2

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 Factorising
Factorise the following :

(a) 3x + 6 3(x + 2)

(b) 4xy – 2x
Be careful ! 2x(2y – 1)

(c) 6a + 7a2 a(6 + 7a)

(d) y2 -y
y(y – 1)
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04/15/11
 Algebra
Factorising – The Common Factor

Now try Exercise 6i

Question 1 – 17
(page 246)

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 Algebra
Evaluating Expressions – number for letter

Learning Intention Objective

1. Factorise expression by
1. To show how to factorise
grouping
expression by grouping

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 Factorising

Example Factorise x2 + 3x +2x + 6

1. Can you see two groups? x2 + 3x

+2x + 6
2. Find the HCF of both groups x(x + 3) +2(x + 3)

3. Take out (x + 3) since it is a common factor

(x+3) (x+2)

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 Algebra
Factorising – Factorise by grouping
Simply group term according to common factor then find
HCF for a given set of data
careful with signs and write the data using brackets :-

x2 + 5x + 2x -10= x(x-5) + 2(x-5)

(x+2)(x-5)

x2 + 4x - x + 4 = x(x+4)-1(x+4)
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(x-1)(x+4)
 Algebra
Factorising – Factorise by grouping
Simply group term according to common factor then find
HCF for a given set of data
careful with signs and write the data using brackets :-

x2 - x – 5x + 5= x(x-1) - 5(x-1)

(x-1)(x-5)

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 Algebra
Factorising – Factorise by grouping

Now try Exercise

13g
(page 770 Question
1, 10, 18 )
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 Difference of
Two Squares
Learning Intention Success Criteria

1.To show how to factorise 1.Recognise when we

the special case of the have a difference of
difference of two two squares.
squares.

2.Factorise the difference of two

squares.

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 Difference of
Int 2 Two Squares
When we have the special case that an
expression is made up of
the difference of two squares
then it is simple to factorise
The format for the difference of two squares

a2 – b 2
First Second
Difference
square term square term
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 Difference of
Two Squares
a2 – b 2
First Second
Difference
square term square term

This factorises to

( a + b )( a – b )
Two brackets the same except for + and a -
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 Difference of
Two Squares

Keypoints
Format a2 – b2

Always the difference sign -

( a + b )( a – b )
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 Difference of
Two Squares
Factorise using the difference of two squares

(a) x2 – y2 (x + y )( x – y )

(b) w2 – z2 ( w + z )( w – z )

(c) 9a2 – b2 ( 3a + b )( 3a – b )

(d) 16y2 – 100k2

( 4y + 10k )( 4y – 10k )
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 Difference of
Two Squares
Trickier type of questions to factorise.
Sometimes we need to take out a common
And the use the difference of two squares.
Example Factorise 2a2 - 18
First take out common factor 2(a2 - 9)
Now apply the difference of two squares
2( a + 3 )( a – 3 )
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 Difference of
Two Squares
Factorise these trickier expressions.

(a) 6x2 – 24 6(x + 2 )( x – 2 )

(b) 3w2 – 3 3( w + 1 )( w – 1 )

(c) 8 – 2b2 2( 2 + b )( 2 – b )

(d) 27w2 – 12
3(3 w + 2 )( 3w – 2 )
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 Difference of
Two Squares

Now try Exercise 5

Ch5 (page 54)

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 Algebra
Evaluating Expressions – number for letter

Learning Intention Success Criteria

1. To show how to factorise

1. Be able to rewrite a
trinomial by rewriting to
trinomial to form two
form two groups
groups
2. Be able to factorise a
trinomial (Quadratic
Expression)

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Factoring Chart
This chart will help you to determine
which method of factoring to use.
Type Number of Terms

 1. GCF 2 or more
2. Diff. Of Squares 2
3. Trinomials 3

 Review: (y + 2)(y + 4)
First terms: y2
y +2
Outer terms: +4y
Inner terms: +2y
+8 y
Last terms: y2 +2y
Combine like terms.
y2 + 6y + 8 +4
+4y +8
In this lesson, we will begin with y2 + 6y + 8 as our
problem and finish with (y + 2)(y + 4) as our answer.
 Here we go! 1) Factor y2 + 6y
+8
Use your factoring chart.
Do we have a GCF?Nope!
Is it a Diff. of Squares problem?
No way! 3 terms!
Now we will learn Trinomials! The general

form of a Quadratic equation is ax2 +bx

+ c.
Product of the
Sum to give the middle
first(a)and last
coefficient
coefficients (c)

The goal is to find two factors of ac in the first column

that add up to the middle term (b) in the second column.
We’ll work it out in the next few slides.
 M
A

1) Factor + 6y + 8 y 2

Create your MAMA table.

Product of the Multiply Add Middle
first and last
coefficients +8 +6 coefficient

Here’s your task…

What numbers multiply to +8 and
add to +6? If you cannot figure it
out right away, write the
combinations.
1) Factor y2 + 6y + 8
Place the factors in the table.
Multiply Add
+8 +6
+1, +9, NO
+8
-9, NO
-1, -8
+6, YES!!
+2,
+4 -6, NO
We are going to-2,
use these
-4 numbers in the next step!
1) Factor y2 + 6y + 8
Multiply Add
+8 +6
+2, +6, YES!!
Hang with me+4
now! Replace the middle
number of the trinomial with our working
numbers from the MAMA table
y2 + 6y + 8
y2 + 2y + 4y + 8
Now, group the first two terms and the last
two terms.
 M
A

2) Factor x2 – 2x – 63
Create your MAMA table.
Product of Multiply Add Middle
the first
and last -63 -2 coefficient

coefficients -63, 1 -62

Signs need to -1, 63 62
be different
since number -21, 3
is negative. -18
-3, 21
18
-9, 7
-7, 9 -2
2
Replace the middle term with
our working numbers.
x2 – 2x – 63
x2 – 9x + 7x – 63
x2 – 9x + 7x – 63
x(x – 9)+7(x – 9)

(x + 7)(x – 9)
 M
A

2) Factor 5x2 - 17x + 14

Create your MAMA table.
Product of Multiply Add Middle
the first
and last +70 -17 coefficient

coefficients -1, -70 -71

Signs need to -2, -35 -37
be the same
-7, -10
as the middle
sign since the
-17
product is
positive. Replace the middle term.
5x2 – 7x – 10x + 14
Group the terms.
 5x2 - 17x + 14
5x2 – 7x – 10x + 14
x(5x – 7) -2(5x – 7)
(x – 2)(5x – 7)
 10+ 3x-x2

10 + 5x –2x + x
5(2+x)- x(2 + x)
(2 + x)(5 – x)
 Factor x 2 + 3x + 2
1.(x + 2)(x + 1)
2.(x – 2)(x + 1)
3.(x + 2)(x – 1)
4.(x – 2)(x – 1)
 Factor 2x 2 + 9x + 10
1.(2x + 10)(x + 1)
2.(2x + 5)(x + 2)
3.(2x + 2)(x + 5)
4.(2x + 1)(x + 10)
 Factor 6y 2 – 13y – 5
1.(6y2 – 15y)(+2y –
5)
2.(2y – 1)(3y – 5)
3.(2y + 1)(3y – 5)
4.(2y – 5)(3y + 1)
2) Factor 2x2 - 14x + 12
Find the HCF!
2(x2 – 7x + 6)
Now do the MAMA table!
Multiply Add
Signs need
to be the +6 -7
same as the -1, -6 -7
middle sign
since the -2, -3 -5
product is
positive.
Replace the middle term.
2[x2 – x – 6x + 6]
Group the terms.
2[x2 – x– 6x + 6]

2[x(x – 1) -6(x – 1)]

2(x – 6)(x – 1)
 Algebra
Factorising – Perfect Square

Learning Intention Success Criteria

1. To show how to reverse
the process of removing
bracket ‘factorising’.
1. To understand a perfect
square trinomials.
2. Factorize trinomial as the
a perfect square .

04/15/11
Factoring Chart
This chart will help you to determine
which method of factoring to use.
Type Number of Terms
1. GCF 2 or more
2. Diff. Of Squares 2

3. Trinomials 3

Review: Multiply (y + 2)2

Do you remember these?

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
(y + 2)(y + 2) (a - b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2

First terms: y2
Using the formula,
+2y
Outer terms: (y + 2)2 = (y)2 + 2(y)(2) + (2)2
+2y (y + 2)2 = y2 + 4y + 4
Inner terms:
+4
Last terms:
Which one is quicker?
Combine like terms.
y2 + 2y + 2y+ 4
y2 + 4y + 4
1) Factor x2 + 6x + 9
Perfect Square Trinomials
Does this fit the form of our
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
perfect square trinomial? (a - b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
1)Is the first term a perfect
square?
 Yes, a = x
2) Is the last term a Since all three are true,
perfect square? write your answer!
 Yes, b = 3 (x + 3)2= (x+3)(x+3)

3)Is the middle term twice

the product of the a and
b? You can still
 Yes, 2ab = 2(x)(3) = 6xfactor the other way but this is qu
2) Factor y2 – 16y + 64
n Does this fit the form of ourPerfect2 Square Trinomials
(a + b) = a2 + 2ab + b2
perfect square (a - b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
trinomial?
n Is the first term a perfect
square?
n Yes, a = y Since all three are
n 2) Is the last term a true, write your
perfect square? answer!
n Yes, b = 8
(y – 8)2=(y-8)(y-8)
n Is the middle term twice
the product of the a and
b?
n Yes, 2ab = 2(y)(8) = 16y
Factor m2 – 12m + 36
1.(m – 6)(m + 6)
2.(m – 6)2
3.(m + 6)2
4.(m – 18)2
3) Factor 4p2 + 4p + 1
Does this fit the form of our Perfect Square Trinomials
perfect square trinomial? (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
1)Is the first term a perfect (a - b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
square?
 Yes, a = 2p
2) Is the last term a Since all three are
perfect square? true, write your
 Yes, b = 1 answer!
3)Is the middle term twice (2p + 1)2
the product of the a and
b?
 Yes, 2ab = 2(2p)(1) = 4p
 4) Factor 25x2 – 110xy + 121y2
Does this fit the form of our
perfect square trinomial? Perfect2 Square Trinomials
(a + b) = a2 + 2ab + b2
1)Is the first term a perfect (a - b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
square?
Yes, a = 5x
2)Is the last term a perfect Since all three are
square? true, write your
Yes, b = 11y answer!
3)Is the middle term twice (5x – 11y)2=(5x – 11y)(5x – 11y)2
the product of the a and
b?
Yes, 2ab = 2(5x)(11y) =
110xy
 Factor 9k2 + 12k + 4
1.(3k + 2)2
2.(3k – 2)2
3.(3k + 2)(3k – 2)
4.I’ve got no
clue…I’m lost!
 Factor 2r2 + 12r + 18
1.prime
2.2(r2 + 6r + 9)
3.2(r – 3)2
4.2(r + 3)2
5.2(r – 3)(r + 3)
Don’t forget to factor the GCF first!