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Broadband Service
CONTENTS    
                            
1. Introduction                             

2. about Wi-Fi                             

3. Need for WiMax                            

3.1. WiMax transmission                 

3.2. Implementation                         

3.2.1. non-line-of-sight service       

3.2.2. line-of-sight service               

INTRODUCTION

        If we have been in an airport, coffee shop, library or

hotel recently, chances that we been right in the middle
of a wireless network. Many people also use wireless
networking, also called Wi-Fi or 802.11 networking. In
the near future, wireless networking may become so
widespread that you can access the Internet just about
anywhere at any time, without using wires, wireless
networks are easy to set up and inexpensive.   
 Wireless network uses radio waves, just like cell phones,
televisions and radios do. In fact, communication across a
wireless network is a lot like two-way radio
communication.
 A computer's wireless adapter translates data into a radio
signal and transmits it using an antenna.
 A wireless router receives the signal and decodes it. It
sends the information to the Internet using a physical,
wired Ethernet connection.
    The process also works in reverse, with the router
receiving information from the Internet, translating it
into a radio signal and sending it to the computer's
wireless adapter.
       Think about how you access the Internet today. There
are basically three different options:
 Broadband access - In your home, you have either a DSL
or cable modem. At the office, your company may be
using a T1 or a T3 line.
 Wi-Fi access - In your home, you may have set up a Wi-
Fi router that lets you surf the Web while you lounge
with your laptop. On the road, you can find Wi-Fi hot
spots in restaurants, hotels, coffee shops and libraries.
 Dial-up access - If you are still using dial-up, chances
are that either broadband access is not available, or you
think that broadband access is too expensive.
   The main problems with broadband access are that it is
pretty expensive and it doesn't reach all areas. The main
problem with Wi-Fi access is that hot spots are very
small, so coverage is sparse. What if there was a new
technology that solved all of these problems? This new
technology would provide:
The high speed of broadband service
Wireless rather than wired access, so it would be a lot
less expensive than cable or DSL and much easier to
extend to suburban and rural areas
Broad coverage like the cell phone network instead of
small Wi-Fi hotspots  

  In this article, we'll look at the technology that allows

information to travel over the air. We'll also review what
it takes to create a wireless network in your home
 ABOUT WI-FI      
• Wi-Fi has a lot of advantages, Wi-Fi means “Wireless
Fidelity” can also be referred as Wi-Fi or 802.11
networking. The 802.11 designation comes from the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
The IEEE sets standards for a range of technological
protocols, and it uses a numbering system to classify
these standards.
• One wireless router can allow multiple devices to
connect to the Internet.      
• It works on the principle of radio transmission. The
radios used for Wi-Fi communication are very similar
to the radios used for walkie-talkies, cell phones and
other devices. They can transmit and receive radio
waves, and they can convert 1s and 0s into radio waves
and convert the radio waves back into 1s and 0s. But
Wi-Fi radios have a few notable differences from other
radios.
They transmit at frequencies of 2.4 GHz or
5GHz. This frequency is considerably
higher than the frequencies used for cell
phones, walkie-talkies and televisions. The
higher frequency allows the signal to carry
more data.
They use 802.11 networking standards,
which come in several flavors:
 802.11a transmits at 5GHz and can move up
to 54 megabits of data per second. It also uses
orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
 (OFDM), a more efficient coding technique
that splits that radio signals into several
sub-signals before they reach a receiver.
This greatly reduces interference.
 802.11b is the slowest and least expensive standard. For a
while, its cost made it popular, but now it's becoming less
common as faster standards become less expensive. 802.11b
transmits in the 2.4 GHz frequency band of the radio
spectrum. It can handle up to 11 megabits of data per second,
and it uses complimentary code keying (CCK) coding.
 802.11g transmits at 2.4 GHz like 802.11b, but it's a lot faster --
it can handle up to 54 megabits of data per second. 802.11g is
faster because it uses the same OFDM coding as 802.11a.
 802.11n is the newest standard that is widely available. This
standard significantly improves speed and range. For instance,
although 802.11g theoretically moves 54 megabits of data per
second, it only achieves real-world speeds of about 24
megabits of data per second because of network congestion.
802.11n, however, reportedly can achieve speeds as high as 140
megabits per second.
Wi-Fi radios can transmit on any of three
frequency bands. Or, they can "frequency hop"
rapidly between the different bands. Frequency
hopping helps reduce interference and lets
multiple devices use the same wireless
connection simultaneously.
Wi-Fi transmission is limited up to certain
distance, suppose we have to construct a
wireless network through a longer distance,
which is not possible with this, so there is a need
for another technology
 NEED FOR WIMAX
 will also be as painless as Wi-Fi -- turning your computer
on will automatically connect you to the closest available
WiMAX antenna. WiMAX outdistances Wi-Fi by miles,
WiMAX is short for Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access, and it also goes by the IEEE name
802.16, WiMAX would receive data from the WiMAX
transmitting station, probably using encrypted data keys
to prevent unauthorized users from stealing access this is
the main advantage. In this way network security is also
embedded.      
 WiMAX has the potential to do to broadband Internet
access what cell phones have done to phone access. In the
same way that many people have given up their "land
lines" in favor of cell phones, WiMAX could replace cable
and DSL services, providing universal Internet access
just about anywhere you go. WiMAX
WIMAX TRANSMISSION (3G)
A WiMAX system consists of two parts:    
 1. A WiMAX tower, similar in concept to a
cell-phone tower - A single WiMAX tower can
provide coverage to a very large area -- as big
as 3,000 square miles (~8,000 square km).
              WiMax Tower    
 
 2. A WiMAX receiver - The receiver and
antenna could be a small box or PCMCIA
card, or they could be built into a laptop the
way Wi-Fi access is today.
 A WiMAX tower station can connect directly to
the Internet using a high-bandwidth, wired
connection (for example, a T3 line). It can also
connect to another WiMAX tower using a line-
of-sight, microwave link. This connection to a
second tower (often referred to as a backhaul),
along with the ability of a single tower to cover
up to 3,000 square miles, is what allows WiMAX
to provide coverage to remote rural areas.
WAY OF TRANSMITION:      
 The propagation path of a signal includes the

direct wave, a reflected wave, a surface wave

IMPLEMENTATION

 Wi-Fi-style access will be limited to a 4-to-6 mile

radius (perhaps 25 square miles or 65 square km
of coverage, which is similar in range to a cell-
phone zone). Through the stronger line-of-sight
antennas, the WiMAX transmitting station
would send data to WiMAX-enabled computers
or routers set up within the transmitter's 30-mile
radius (2,800 square miles or 9,300 square km of
coverage). This is what allows WiMAX to
achieve its maximum range. 
WiMax provides two types of wireless
services 

NON-LINE-OF-SIGHT SERVICE:
 A small antenna on your computer connects
to the tower. In this mode, WiMAX uses a
lower frequency range of 2 GHz to 11 GHz
(similar to Wi-Fi). Lower-wavelength
transmissions are not as easily disrupted by
physical obstructions they are better able to
diffract, or bend, around obstacles.   
LINE-OF-SIGHT SERVICE:      
 A fixed dish antenna points straight at the WiMAX tower
from a rooftop. The line-of-sight Connection is stronger and
more stable, so it's able to send a lot of data. This transmission
uses higher frequencies, with ranges reaching a possible 66
GHz. At higher frequencies, there is less interference and lots
more bandwidth.    
 The fastest Wi-Fi connection can transmit up to 54 Mbps
under optimal conditions. WiMAX should be able to handle
up to 70 Mbps. Even once those 70Mb is split up between
several dozen businesses or a few hundred home users, it will
provide at least the equivalent of cable-modem transfer rates
to each user.
IEEE 802.16 Specifications:

 Range - 30-mile (50-km) radius from

base station
 Speed - 70 megabits per second
 Line-of-sight not needed between user
and base station
 Frequency bands - 2 to 11 GHz and 10
to 66 GHz 
WIMAX SCENARIO:      
Internet service provider sets up a WiMAX base station 10 miles from
our home. we would buy a WiMAX-enabled computer or upgrade our old
computer to add WiMAX capability. we would receive a special
encryption code that would give you access to the base station. The base
station would beam data from the Internet to our computer (at speeds
potentially higher than today's cable modems), for which we would pay
the provider a monthly fee. The cost for this service could be much lower
than current high-speed Internet-subscription fees because the provider
never had to run cables.  
 

 The WiMAX protocol is designed to accommodate several different

methods of data transmission, one of which is Voice Over Internet
Protocol (VoIP). VoIP
 allows people to make local, long-distance and even international calls
through a broadband Internet connection, bypassing phone companies
 entirely. If WiMAX-compatible computers become very common, the use
of VoIP could increase dramatically. Almost anyone with a laptop could
make VoIP calls.
 XOHM (4G Technology):       
 XOHM is coming – providing next-generation mobile
broadband across your city. With XOHM, you no longer
need to find a hotspot for a broadband internet
experience – the hotspot comes with you. There are no
compromises here – even if it’s streaming fullscreen
video. And with XOHM, you have one account and it’s
always available. No long-term contracts – you can pay
by the day, the month or the year.
       XOHM won’t just connect WiMAX-enabled products
to the internet it’ll allow them to connect across the
network to each other. We expect this to open exciting
new experiences beyond just getting online with
 how we communicate, enjoy, and achieve - for example:
 the potential to change
• Health: a mobile health monitor could track and
transmit a user’s vitals and alert a hospital or
caregiver in case of an emergency.
• Sports: a runner’s performance could be
monitored by WiMAX-enabled chips built into
her shoes to be shared with coaches, peers or
spectators.
• Home Entertainment: While you’re out of town,
your WiMAX-enabled DVR could send a
reminder to your phone that your favorite TV
show is about to start - command it to record the
show to watch later via your WiMAX-enabled
portable video player.
BROAD BAND SPEED:      

 XOHM's WiMAX network allows you to

experience mobile internet at broadband
speeds. XOHM will let you enjoy the most
bandwidth-intensive applications like
games, streaming movies, sharing photos
and video, music and other entertainment,
even on the go.
NEXT GENARATION INTERNET:      
Get ready to experience how spontaneous the
internet can be. With XOHM mobile broadband, you’ll
be able to:
 Stream movies
 Watch a video
 Download music
 Share photos
 Play games
 Instant Message
 E-mail
 Surf the web
Or whatever you want - around your home, office or
on the go, wherever there’s XOHM coverage - all on the
same connection
PLUG AND PLAY:      
Getting started with XOHM is a snap: no wires means no
service calls, drilling, or digging – just plug and play. 
CONCLUSION:      

It is to be concluded that among all

communication interfaces wireless is better
one, in that going to WiMax is the better
solution in all aspects, now some of the
companies are trying to establish their
networks using this technology.
REFERENCES:
Book: Shouldering the Weight of WiMax
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Developed by

Sudheer Kumar