INSULATORS

Submitted by:
Gurpreet Uppal
EEE 3rd year

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WHAT IS INSULATOR?
 An insulator, also called a dielectric, is a
material that resists the flow of electric
charge
 The term also refers to insulating supports
that attach electric power
transmission wires to utility poles

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PROPERTIES OF GOOD
INSULATOR
 High specific resistance
 High tensile strength
 High dielectric strength
 Should not be porous
 High mechanical stength
 Resistant to temperature

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TYPES OF INSULATORS IN
OVERHEAD LINES

 Pin type insulator.

 Suspension type insulator.
 Strain type insulator.

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 TYPES OF INSULATORS

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PIN TYPE INSULATOR
 A pin insulator consists of a
nonconducting material such as porcelain,
glass, plastic, polymer, or wood that is
formed into a shape that will isolate a wire
from a physical support (or "pin") on
a  utility pole

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 PIN TYPE INSULATORS

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SUSPENSION OR STRING
TYPE INSULATOR
 It consists of a no. of seprate insulator
units connected with each other by metal
links to form flexible string.
 The conductor is attached to lowest unit.

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 SUSPENSION TYPE
INSULATORS

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ADVANTAGE OF STRING TYPE
 In the event of failure of an insulator, on
unit , instead of the whole string, has to be
replaced
 The mechanical stresses are reduced
 Installations is easy for increase in
operating voltage

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STRAIN TYPE

  These are mostly

applied to support line
strain (tension), such as
at changes of
transmission line
direction

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EFFCT OF HIGH VOLTAGE ON
INSULATORS
 Extra high voltage can lead to Punture or
Flashover.
 In the case of punture the arc passes
through the boby of insulator.
 Flashover is caused by an arc b/w the
conductor nd earth through air
surrounding insulator.

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DETERMINATION OF
INSULATOR EFFICENCY
  “String Efficiency” is a measure of utilization of
material in the string and is
defined as,
flashover voltage of string
n* flashover voltage of one unit
or

voltage across the whole string

n*(v/g across the unit adacent to line conducto)

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METHODS TO INCREASE
STRINGEFFICIENCY:-

Types of method to
Increase the String
Efficiency.

(A)Use of long (B) Grading on (C) Use of Grading

Cross arm. Insulator. Ring.

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METHODS IMPROVING V/G
DISTRIBUTION
 Use of long cross arm.
 Grading of units: It consist of different
capacitances for appropirate v/gs.
 Static shielding:in this we use guard rings

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 INSULATING MATERIALS
 Porcelain, which is widely used for all the
abovementioned overhead line insulator
types
 Glass, which may be used for and pin
types. It’s thermal stability is consistent up
to 538 degrees C
 Composite synthetics, which may be a
combination of fibreglass, plastic and
resin
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THANK YOU