×
×××

×
 
×



×







××


General Packet Radio Service
(GPRS)

ñ



 






c
 ’


º î 

º î
D GPRS Architecture
º îî
º




 






º 




º  




3
 î 


º GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)

D Reuse the existing GSM infrastructure
D ntroduce packet-switched routing functionality
D
etter data transfer rates
D ow cost and connectivity-oriented
D Migration Path to 3G Networks

x
 ’ 



]
 GPRS Architecture - Components

º New components introduced for GPRS

services:
D SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node)
D GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)
D P-based backbone network
º Old components in GSM upgraded for GPRS
services:
D R
D MSC/VR
D Mobile Station

  ’ 



 
 

   

º At the same hierarchical level as the MSC.

º Transfers data packets between mobile
stations and GGSNs.
º Keeps track of the individual MSs¶ location
and performs security functions and access
control.
º Detects and registers new GPRS mobile
stations located in its service area
º Participates into routing, as well as mobility
management functions.

  ’ 



 
  
  

º Provides inter-working between PMN and external

packet-switched networks.
º Converts the GPRS packets from SGSN into the
appropriate packet data protocol format (e.g., P or
X.25) and sends out on the corresponding packet
data network.
º Participates into the mobility management.
º Maintains the location information of the mobile
stations that are using the data protocols provided by
that GGSN.
º Collects charging information for billing purpose.
a
  ’ 





 


º GPRS MS includes two components:

D MT (Mobile Terminal). Typically a handset
used to access the radio interface.
D TE (Terminal Equipment). Typically a laptop or
a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA).
º Could be one unit combing the functionalities
of a MT and a TE.

¦
  ’ 





 
uu



 


º Three types of MS:

D Class-A: Could be attached to both GPRS and
other GSM services, and the MS supports
simultaneous operation of GPRS and other
GSM services.
D Class-
: Could be attached to both GPRS and
other GSM services, but the MS can only
operate one set of services at a time.
D Class-C: Could be exclusively attached to one
service type at a given time.

 




 



c
  



º A laptop connects with a GPRS-capable

handset.
º The handset communicates with GSM base
station.
º
ase station sends the GPRS packets to
SGSN.
º SGSN encapsulates packets
º andset location information is updated in
other GSM components, such as R.
º SGSN sends encaps. packets to GGSN.
º GGSN decapsulates and sends to PDNs.
cc
 d


  

î












 

G  
  G

 G
  



 G
 

  V

V

 
 


 



  




 



 
 
  

 
"#
c3
r  !
 
 
!

º MS located in PMN1 sends P packet to host (e.g.
Web server)
D SGSN where sender MS is registered encapsulates P
packets
D Routes them through intra-PMN backbone to
appropriate GGSN
D GGSN decapsulates packets and sends them to P
network, that forwards to appropriate host
º host sends return packet to home PMN2 of MS
D PMN2¶s GGSN queries R and finds that MS is in
PMN1
D Packet is encapsulated and sent to SGSN in PMN1
D SGSN decapsulates packet and delivers to MS
D Note usefulness of inter-PMN backbone so GPRS
routing does not need to go through PDN
D No encapsulation-decapsulation needed to traverse
cx
backbone
 ’


º î 

º î
D GPRS Architecture
º îî
º

 





º 




º  




c]


 






º The
ññ of GPRS offer end-to-end packet

switched data transfer.
º Two different kinds of bearer services :
D PTP (Point-to-point) services
D PTM (Point-to-multipoint) services
D Ô !"Ôñ : SMS call, call forwarding
unconditional (CFU), call forwarding on mobile
subscriber not reachable (CFNRc), and closed user
group (CUG) .

c
  





PTP services
Two types :
ºd
 



 


 u
ud 
D A logical relation is established between users.
D supports bursty transactional or interactive apps based on X.25.
D Multiple packets are sent between a single source and destination.
D Examples : Credit card validations, Telnet, and Database access.

ºd
 
 


 u
ud 
D A datagram type service based on the connectionless network protocol
(ex: P).
D Supports bursty non-interactive applications.
D No logical link required between users.
D Each packet is sent is independent of other packets.
D Examples :Electronic mail, nternet us World Wide Web.
c
  





PTM Services
enables the transmission of a single message to multiple destinations.
º G
 
 uG
uGG
D Addressed to all subscribers in a geographical area group identifier
indicating whether to all subscribers or to a specific PTM group
D Example : News, Weather and Traffic reports.
º 

 


 uG
uG
D Only a predefined group of subscribers controlled by a multicast
server will receive the message transmitted.
D Group members must join the PTM-G call.
D Real time delivery.
D Example: Conferencing services.
º îG
 uî
uîG
D Messages are transmitted to a specific group.
D Group members must join the P-M call.
D Real time delivery. ca
D Examples : ive multimedia transmissions.
 Mobility Management
D Mobility management is the means by which GPRS keeps track of a
mobile subscriber location while connected to the Network.

D G"" ñ#
D GPRS mobility management states
D GPRS network access.
D Attachment.
D ocation management
D Packet Data protocol PDP context
D Detachment
D Routing Example

c¦
 Mobility Management
  (¦

 !! " #

c
 Mobility Management
 " #

MS SGSN GGSN
Activate PDP Context Request
PDP type,PDP Address
QoS Requested,Access Point,«

Create PDP Context Request

PDP type,PDP Address, MS ,
QoS Negotiated,Access Point,«

MS Activate PDP Context Accept Create PDP Context Response

PDP type,QoS Negotiated,«
PDP type,PDP Address
QoS Negotiated,«

3
 Mobility Management
 " #

MS SGSN GGSN
MS DEACT VATE PDP
CONTEXT REQUEST(NSAP )

GTP DEETE PDP CONTEXT

REQUEST (NSAP , MS )

GTP DEETE PDP CONTEXT

SM DEACT VATE PDP RESPONSE
CONTEXT ACCEPT(NSAP )

3c
 GPRS imitations

D Speeds Much ower in Reality

D Support of GPRS Mobile Terminate by Terminals is Not Ensured
D Packet switching means that data packets can traverse different
routes and then be reassembled in their final destination leading
to potential transit delays affecting the Quality of Service.
$ %&'  (&#)&*
! &'' #(+,#'-
$ ,.)&/!&0 1 '!&
)('!) 
$ 2"#1
&) &0#))) &(x
( ('

33
 References (papers)

144!!!--(
144!!!-x(-(
144&-- &
144!!!-.- &4(
144!!!--04()-

3x