c


] 25 June 1998, Microsoft released Windows 98 (codenamed Memphis).

] System Restore, a feature that can roll back your PC software configuration to a
date or time before a problem occurred.
] Windows Movie Maker provides users with the tools to digitally edit, save, and
share home videos.
] Microsoft Windows Media Player 7 technologies, you can find, organize, and play
digital media.
îpplication
Windows Report Tool, Outlook Express, Windows îddress
Book, FrontPage Express, Microsoft Chat, Personal Web Server and a
Web Publishing Wizard, NetMeeting and NetShow Player

Second Edition
Windows Media Player6.2, Flash Player and Shockwave Player
] ½t included new hardware drivers and better support for the x
 file system which
allows support for disk partitions larger than the 2 GB maximum accepted by
Windows 95.
] The 
support in Windows 98 is far superior to the token, unreliable support
provided by the  editions of Windows 95.
] ½t also controversially integrated the ½
 
 browser into the Windows GU½
and Windows Explorer file manager.

Second Edition
] ½n 1999, Microsoft released Windows 98 Second Edition, an interim release. One of the
more notable new features was the addition of ½
 
 

 , which was
a form of 







 , allowing several machines on a LîN (Local îrea
Network) to share a single ½
 
 
 
] was also much easier to use and much smoother than the first edition of Windows 98.
] Hardware support through device drivers was increased. Many minor problems present
in the original Windows 98 were found and fixed which make it,
] The most stable release of c 
 family (Windows 98's 


 )
] Windows 98 is described as an operating system that uc



 





 c


] The Windows Millennium Edition operating system is the successor of Windows

98 SE with some selected features of Windows 2000.
] Tagline: u


   


c
] Windows Me was developed specifically for the home user.
] Offers numerous music, video, and home networking enhancements and
reliability improvements compared to previous versions.
] Designed to be backwards compatible with Windows 98, Windows Me works
with the earlier version's applications and drivers.
New features:

] Digital movie editing

] ½mproved digital media
manipulation and organization
] Better music player
] ½mproved stability and recovery
] Easy home networking

Other features: îpplication

] ½ntegrated ½nternet Explorer 5.5
] Monolithic kernel
] Preemptive multitasking
] System file protection and system
recovery
] îutomated system processes
] Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)
PC Games, Windows Movie Maker,
Windows Media Player 7, ½nternet
Backgammon, ½nternet Checkers,
½nternet Hearts, ½nternet Reversi,
½nternet Spades
 c


] Windows XP is an operating system that was produced by Microsoft for use on





, including home and business desktops, laptops, and media
centers.
] ½t was first released to computer manufacturers on îugust 24, 2001, and is the
most popular version of c 
, based on installed user base.
] The name "XP" is short for "eXPerience."
] The most common editions of the operating system were Windows XP Home
Edition, which was targeted at home users, and Windows XP Professional, which
offered additional features such as support for Windows Server domains and two
physical processors, and was targeted at power users, business and enterprise
clients.

] Windows XP was eventually released for two additional architectures, Windows

XP 64-bit Edition for ½î-64 (½tanium) processors and Windows XP Professional x64
Edition for x86-64. There is also Windows XP Embedded, a component version of
the Windows XP Professional, and editions for specific markets such as Windows
XP Starter Edition. By mid 2009, a manufacturer revealed the first Windows XP
powered cellular telephone.
] Windows XP presented a significantly redesigned 
 
 
 

 a
change Microsoft promoted as more user-friendly than previous versions of
Windows.

] the project was codenamed "Whistler", after Whistler, British Columbia as many
Microsoft employees skied at the Whistler-Blackcomb ski resort.
New features:
] GD½ graphics subsystem
] Start Menu and Taskbar improvements
] î number of new features in Windows Explorer
] Faster start-up, logon and logoff and hibernation sequences.
] The ability to discard a newer device driver in favor of the previous one (known as
driver rollback), should a driver upgrade not produce desirable results.
] î new, arguably more user-friendly interface, including the framework for developing
themes for the desktop environment
] Fast user switching, which allows a user to save the current state and open
applications of their desktop and allow another user to log on without losing that
information
] The ClearType font rendering mechanism, which is designed to improve text
readability on liquid crystal display (LCD) and similar monitors
] Remote Desktop functionality, which allows users to connect to a computer running
Windows XP Pro from across a network or the ½nternet and access their applications,
files, printers, and devices.
] Support for most DSL modems and ½EEE 802.11 connections, as well as networking
over FireWire, and Bluetooth.
] ½mproved application compatibility compared to Windows 2000
] îvailable in many languages. ½n addition, MU½ packs and Language ½nterface
Packs translating the user interface were also available for certain languages.
Service Pack 1
] ½t contains post-RTM security fixes and hot-fixes
] Compatibility updates
] Optional .NET Framework support
] Enabling technologies for new devices such as Tablet PCs
] New Windows Messenger 4.7 version
] USB 2.0 support
] Set Program îccess and Defaults utility
] Users can control the default application for activities such as web browsing
and instant messaging
] Supported SîTî and hard drives that were larger than 137GB (48-bit LBî
support)
] The Microsoft Java Virtual Machine, which was not in the RTM version,
appeared in this Service Pack ÿ x
  



  

 
 




 




 


  










  




] Support for ½Pv6 was also introduced in this Service Pack
Service Pack 2
] Windows Security Center
] WPî encryption compatibility
] ½mproved cx support (with a wizard utility)
] î pop-up ad blocker for ½nternet Explorer 6
] Bluetooth support
] The new Windows Firewall and became enabled by default
] Data Execution Prevention
Service Pack 3
] Turns black hole router detection on by default
] Network îccess Protection client
] Group Policy support for ½EEE 802.1X authentication for wired network
adapters.
] Credentials Security Service Provider
] Descriptive Security options in Group Policy/Local Security Policy user interface
] în updated version of the Microsoft Enhanced Cryptographic Provider Module
(RSîENH) that is F½PS 140-2 certified (SHî-256, SHî-384 and SHî-512
algorithms)
] ½nstalling without requiring a product key during setup for retail and OEM
versions
 c
 

] c
  is a line of 

 



produced by 

for use
on 

 

, business desktops, 


, and
 
.
] Released on 17 February 2000, it is the successor to c 

, and is the
final release of Microsoft Windows to display the "Windows NT" designation.
] ½t was succeeded by c 
 for desktop systems in October 2001
and c 
   for servers in îpril 2003.
] c 
 was released seven months after Windows 2000 and one year before
Windows XP, but Windows Me was not intended to be, nor did it serve as the
successor to Windows 2000.
] Four editions of Windows 2000 were released, listed here in increasing
ranking: 


,  , 
  , and 



  .
] ½t is also the first Windows version that has been released without a 
,
though Windows 2000   
 1 was codenamed "îsteroid" and Windows
2000 64-bit was codenamed "Janus".
] Windows Me was designed for  
, while Windows 2000 was designed for
] 
 

c
2000
] ½t is a multitasking, multiprocessing operating system
] Supports up to 2 processors of the x86 32- bit and 64 bit architecture with SMP
] High compatibility
] Simplified administration
] ½ncreased hardware support with over 7,000 devices, file administration and
] extended security functions.
] Supports the data interchange in decentralized working groups and central
domains
] SFC (System File Protection) offers protection from overwrite of Windows system
] files.
] NTFS is used as file system in the new version 5
] Suitable for mobile use on notebook computers
] Complete support of the technologies îPM and îCP½
Other features:
] Unattended installation of the operating system via script possible
] Different options for Windows start like "safe mode" and "last as good known
configuration"
] Booting from the Windows 2000 CD-ROM offers repair of the operating system or
recovery console
] Supports the display of the desktop on up to 10 monitors
] Task planner for time controlled executing of programmes
] Utilities for hard disk like defragmentation and check on disk errors
] Event viewer for application protocol, security and system events
] Backup tool for data safety and recovery
] Microsoft Management Console (MMC), administration of the local or remote
computer, expandable by Snap½ns.
] Support for local and predefined user accounts, domain user accounts
] îctive Directory directory service available if client is member in Windows 2000
domain
] New protocols for a secure authentication in the network are EîP, RîD½US, ½PSec,
] L2TP and BîP
 c


 

] Windows Server 2003 was published as a successor of Windows server 2000 in îpril
2003.
] Windows Server 2003 carries the internal version number 5.2. The 32-bit version of the
Datacenter Edition of Windows Server 2003 can supported by the Physical îddress
Extension (PîE) up to 32 processors and 64 gbyte RîM in a server.
] February 2006 the functions extended.
] The Service Pack 2 (SP2) for Windows Server 2003 was released at the end of March
2007. C
] The successor of Windows server 2003 was developed under the code name "Longhorn".
] Microsoft introduced Windows Server 2008 R2 at the 2008 


  

   as the server variant of c 

.
] On January 7, 2009, a beta release of Windows Server 2008 R2 was made available to
subscribers of Microsoft's TechNet and MSDN programs, as well as those
participating in the Microsoft Connect program for Windows 7. Two days later, the
beta was released to the public via the Microsoft Download Center.
] On îpril 30, 2009, the release candidate was made available to subscribers of
Microsoft's TechNet and MSDN. On May 5, 2009, the release candidate was made
available to the general public via the Microsoft download center

] Microsoft has announced that Server 2008 R2 will be the last version of c 

supporting the ½tanium architecture.

c


 c
  

] Service for the delivery and store of web pages

] Till 2 CPU and 2 gbyte RîM supported
] Supports .NET framework, ½½S 6, îSP.NET, Network Load
Balancing, ½Pv6, Distributed file system (Dfs), Encrypting File
System (EFS), Shadow Copy Restore, print services for Unix
c


 
  

] ½ntended purpose for small till medium-sized enterprises

] Till 2 CPU and 4 gbyte RîM supported
] Supports the services of the Web Edition, extended by enterprise UDD½ services,
] ½nternet îuthentication services (½îS), removable and remote storage, Fax
service, services for Macintosh, Remote ½nstallation Services (R½S), Windows
Media Services (WMS), Public Key ½nfrastructure (PK½), Certificate Services, Smart
Card support and Terminal Services

c


 

 
  

]
] Designed for high requirements
] ît least 550 mhz processor, 256 mbyte RîM, 2 gbyte free storage
] Up to 8 processors and 32 gbyte RîM
] Support for 8-nodes combined cluster
] îlso as 64-bit version available
] Supports the services of the Standard Edition, extended by Metadirectory
Services Support (MMS), Terminal Services Session Directory functions, support
for hot-add memory and Non-Uniform memory access (NUMî)
] Server functions are the role as a file server, print server, application server (for ½½S
6.0, îSP.NET), mail server (for POP3, SMTP), terminal server, RîS/VPN server,
domain controller for îctive directory, DNS server, DHCP server, Streaming Media
server, W½NS server

c


 


  

] ½ntended purpose for highest performance, availability and scalability

] Up to 32 processors and 64 gbyte RîM
] Up to 8 node combined cluster
] îlso as 64-bits version available
] Same services of the Enterprise Edition but without Metadirectory Services Support
(MMS) and ½nternet Connection Firewall, supports Datacenter Program (DCP)

Service Pack 1 (SP1)

] ½mproved the reliability and safety of the operating system with light increased
performance
] Security Configuration Wizard (SCW) helps at the configuration of safety guidelines
with queries.
c


 

] ½t offers a scalable web platform and harmonizes with existing UN½X systems in the
network
] Offers a more dynamic licensing model for the customers to be able to profit better
from the server virtualization
] The îctive Directory îpplication Mode (îDîM) is integrated directly now for a light
weight directory service for network applications
] The îctive Directory Federation Services connects directory services with each
other about web services
] The services for UN½X (SfU) provide the interoperability with existing Linux/UN½X
systems
] The .NET runtime 2.0 is included.
] Service Pack 2 (SP2)
] The Microsoft Management Console (MMC) offers new and improved command
line tools
] The performance with SQL servers and use of Windows virtualization was
improved. The secure Wireless Protected îccess 2 (WPî2) is supported now
] The Scalable Networking Pack (SNP) offers an efficient scalability of network based
applications
 c


 

] c


 is one of Microsoft Windows' server line of operating
systems.
] Released to manufacturing on February 4, 2008, and officially released on
February 27, 2008, it is the successor to Windows Server 2003, released nearly five
years earlier.
] î second release, named Windows Server 2008 R2, was released to manufacturing
on July 22, 2009.
] Originally known as c






 

] Windows Server 2008 is built from the same code base as Windows Vista;
therefore, it shares much of the same architecture and functionality.
Roles and Services
] Server Manager
] Server Core ½nstallation Option
] îctive Directory Certificate Services Role
] îctive Directory Domain Services Role
] îctive Directory Federation Services Role
] îctive Directory Lightweight Directory Services Role
] îctive Directory Rights Management Services Role
] îpplication Server Role
] DNS Server Role
] Fax Server Role
] File Services Role
] Network Policy and îccess Services Role
] Print Services Role
] Streaming Media Services Role
] Terminal Services Role
] Virtualization Role
] Web Server (½½S) Role
] Windows Deployment Services Role
Security Features
îuthorization Manager
BitLocker Drive Encryption
Encrypting File System
Security Configuration Wizard
User îccount Control

Other Features
Boot Process and BCD Edit
Disk shadow
Failover Clustering
Group Policy
Network Load Balancing ½mprovements
Next Generation TCP/½P Protocols and Networking Components
Volume îctivation 2.0
Windows Firewall with îdvanced Security
Windows PowerShell
Windows Reliability and Performance Monitor
Windows Server Troubleshooting Documentation
802.1X îuthenticated Wired and Wireless îccess
c


 
Virtualized your Server and Desktop ½nfrastructure

 



 
  . This contains a number of core areas
of improvements for creating dynamic virtual data centers and cloud
computing, namely private cloud. These improvements provide you with
increased availability and performance, improved management, and simplified
methods for deployment including live migration. înd, when combined with
System Center, you are able to build out a dedicated private cloud environment
to transform the way you deliver ½T services to the business, using the
infrastructure as a service (½aaS) model.
 
x


 


  
 These provide users and
administrators with both the features and the flexibility necessary to build the
most robust access experience in any deployment scenario. To expand the
Remote Desktop Services feature set, Microsoft has been investing in the
Virtual Desktop ½nfrastructure, also known as VD½. VD½ is a centralized desktop
delivery architecture, which enables Windows and other desktop environments
to run and be managed in virtual machines on a centralized server.
] ½mproved Web îpplication Platform.
½t offers an updated Web server role, ½nternet ½nformation Services (½½S) 7.5, and greater
support for .NET on Server Core. The following improvements to ½½S and the Windows
Web platform are included in Windows Server 2008 R2:
1. Reduced Effort to îdminister and Support Web-Based îpplications
2. Reduced Support and Troubleshooting Effort
3. ½mproved File-Transfer Services
4. îbility to Extend Functionality and Features
5. ½mproved .NET Support
6. ½mproved îpplication Pool Security
7. ½½S.NET Community Portal

] ½mproved Power Management and Streamlined Management

] ½ncreased Scalability and Reliability

1. Leveraging sophisticated CPU architectures

2. ½ncreased operating system componentization
3. ½mproved performance and scalability for applications and services
4. ½mproved Storage Solutions
5. ½mproved Protection of ½ntranet Resources
] ½ntegrated Experience with Windows 7
Features that are only available when running Windows 7 client computers with
server computers running Windows Server 2008 R2 include:
1. Direct îccess to provide simplified remote connectivity for corporate
computers
2. Secured remote connectivity for private and public computers
3. ½mproved performance for branch offices
4. ½mproved security for branch offices
5. ½mproved virtualized desktop integration
6. Higher fault tolerance for connectivity between sites
 c
! 

] Windows Vista is an operating system released in several variations developed by

Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops,
laptops, tablet PCs, and media center PCs.
] Windows Vista was known by its "codename "Longhorn."
] On January 30, 2007, it was released worldwide.
] ½t was succeeded by Windows 7 which was released to manufacturing on July 22,
2009, and for the general public on October 22, 2009.

] Windows Vista contains many changes and new features, including an updated
graphical user interface and visual style dubbed îero, a redesigned search function,
multimedia tools including Windows DVD Maker, and redesigned networking, audio,
print, and display sub-systems.

] Microsoft's primary stated objective with Windows Vista has been to improve the state
of security in the Windows operating system. One common criticism of Windows XP
and its predecessors is their commonly exploited security vulnerabilities and overall
susceptibility to malware, viruses and buffer overflows.

] Microsoft stated that it prioritized improving the security of Windows XP and Windows
Server 2003 above finishing Windows Vista, thus delaying its completion.
Windows Vista contains many changes and new features including:
] Updated graphical user interface and visual style dubbed îero, flip 3D
] Redesigned search function
] Multimedia tools including Windows DVD Maker
] Redesigned networking, audio, print, and display sub-systems.
] Windows easy transfer
] Windows Mobility Center
] XPS Documents
] BitLocker
] Encryption User îccount Control
] Backup and Restore
] Windows Defender

îpplication
DirectX 11, Photo Gallery, Windows DVD Maker, ½nternet Explorer, Network
and Sharing Center, Remote Desktop Connection, Sync Center, Wireless
Networking
 c
"

] Windows 7 is the latest release of Microsoft Windows, a series of operating

systems produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home
and business desktops, laptops, netbooks, tablet PCs, and media center PCs.
] Windows 7 was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009, and reached general
retail availability on October 22, 2009.
] Windows 7's server counterpart, Windows Server 2008 R2, was released at the
same time.
] Windows 7 was intended to be a more focused, incremental upgrade to the
Windows line, with the goal of being compatible with applications and
hardware with which Windows Vista was not at the time.
] By the fall of 2010, Windows 7 is selling seven copies a secondͶthe fastest-
selling operating system in history.
c
"
] Designed to sleep and resume quicker, be less memory hungry
] Spot USB devices faster
] Home Group. Takes the headache out of sharing files and printers on a home
network
] Jump List. Speedy access to favorite pictures, songs, websites, and
documents
] Snap. î quick new way to resize and compare windows on desktop
] Windows Live Essentials. î suite of great programs in one free download.
Mail, Movie Maker, Photo Gallery
] Windows Search. Find anything virtually on pc, instantly
] Windows Taskbar. Better thumbnail previews, easier-to-see icons, and more
ways to customize
] Play media on other PCs, stereos, or TVs around the house.
] Enjoy music and video on home PCͶeven when you're not

home